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/ 



THE 



Teacher's Guide 



AND 



QUESTION BOOK 



T. W. BROWN. J. M. FERGUSON. 

WACO, TEXAS, 



COPYRIGHT APPLIED FOB. 



1904. 

City Printing Company, 

Waoo. Texas, 



^^0 
Y^- 



[LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two OoDles Seceived 

MAY 17 1904 
Cooyrlffiit Entry 

iCLAS&J «^XXo. No. 

COPY B J 



TO THE TEACHER: 

Ruskin tells us the chief end of education is to teach truthfulness 
and reverence. These are basic principles without which we might 
be the meanest of mankind. 

The teacher should use "Ruskin's Ideal," as a basis, and develop 
the latent strength of will, love for the true and beautiful; power of 
discrimination, and an unyielding sense of liberty, justice, and indi- 
vidual responsibility to God and man, thereby establishing an absolute 
standard of Right and Wrong, so that no alteration in conduct would 
be made, were every law abrogated. 

Since no two children are alike in form, feature, thought or feeling, 
no instruction can be given by which the foregoing equations may be 
reduced to mathematical formula. 

Every teacher must, not only be able to pass an examination and 
secure- a certificate, but must know human nature — the child mind 
and the order and means of development. 

The teacher must inaugurate a judicious system of government, 
monarchical, leading to "self government." 

Let rules be few, general, easily understood, reasonable and en- 
forced with uniform inflexibility. 

CLASSIFICATION. 

Here, as in all things, you must be careful. It is impossible for 
you to do yourself or pupils justice if classification is defective. ' 

The child will often insist on being placed in classes beyond his 
stage of advancement, the parent may prompt this request. 

Give due respect to representations of parents, and quietly, but 
firmly, place each pupil where he belongs. 

Classification is usually based in first and second years on Reading; 
third, fourth and fifth years, on Arithmetic and English. 

H 



8. Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

. LESSON. 

Assign a definite work for each lesson, on each subject, and teach 
pupils how to study. 

In every other pursuit, people are taught how to do the work re- 
quired of them, while the pupil is too often told "to learn it." 

It would be as reasonable to say to the plant "grow,"without giving 
to it soil, moisture, and cultivation. True you are to "hear the lesson" 
but "to teach" is essentially your duty. 

Do not assign "home work" without first finding out the home sur- 
roundings. There may be many in the class whose parents are unable 
to furnish for them separate table, light, pens, ink, etc., consequently 
a written lesson should not be demanded. 

CO-OPERATION. 

Labor earnestly to secure the co-operatin of the parents of your 
pupils. Let them know you and your plans. Your greatest difficul- 
ties in school life will be on account of the lack of their sympa- 
thetic assistance. 

^ The child who is taught obedience and reverence at home will give 
little trouble in school, but the boy who has never known restraint 
and consequently knows nothing of self-control; who has been made 
to believe that he is "smart," decides that you are too stupid to dis- 
cover his superiority, and will report to the willing ears of parents, 
to whom you are a stranger. They see you through his eyes. 

Invite the mothers to meet at your school; tell your plans for their 
children; ask their advice about things in which you are mutually in- 
terested, and, that one will be an unnatural parent who does not 
meet you in the spirit you approach her. 

QUESTIONS. 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

The following answers were taken from papers, prepared by appli- 
cants for teacher's certificates: 

i._ What is the usual cause of Pleurisy? Arts. The cause of 
riuricy is suckin wind down the throat. 

If true, it is worthy your attention. 

2. Define Capillary Attraction and give example. The applicants 
seems not to agree and the f olowing definitions were given : 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 9 

(i). -The attraction of one body for another is capillary attrac- 
tion. Example — a reck at sea will attract everything for about half 
a mile or more and 48 hrs or more will succeed, "Birds of a feather 
flock together." 

(2). They is the four chambers of the heart, and its function 
is to keep the blood from gitten mixt. 

(3). They is litle oily glands situated at the roots of the hair 
and some other places to keep it glossy and moist. They is also in 
the eye and some other places. 

(4). They is small short hairs growin in your ears, and othei 
openings to protect their respectable organs from external injury, 
such as nats and other little things from gitten in you, specially while 
you is asleep. 

(5). They is little hairlike bodys found on all parts of the body 
except the soles of the feet, the functions is to keep the dust from set- 
lin in spots. 

(6). They is small insecks that give color to the blood. 

3, Name three conditions necessary to health. Ans. Pure 
and pleasant temperature, dry feet and plenty of surroundings, and 
plenty of feed. 

4. Name two openings of the stomach. Ans. The mouth is 
one, — I know I have not answered this question but there are exten- 
uating circumstances, which you, Mr. Examiner, may not know. 

5. Discpbe the stomach. Ans. The stomic is a little thing 
about the size of a teacup and contains all the vitul organs. 

6. Of what is flesh composed? Ans. The flesh of man is com- 
posed chiefly of avaricious tissue. 

7. What is exhaled from the lungs? Ans.. Carbolic acid, gas 

and other chemicals. 

8. Give some of the injurious effects of the use of tobacco. Ans. 
If a boy uses tobacco he loses his taste and wont tell the truth. It also 
sours his stomic and his heart, and makes his fat all swunk away. 

9. Discribe the spinal column. 

(In the answer "to this the doctors differ, possibly because no two 
objects are exactly alike). 

Ans. The spinal column stands up back of the chist, in the lumber 
regions, and is made up of short pieces with injy-rubber between em 
to keep em from bumpin. 

(2). The spinal column is a bone made up of jints about 32 feet 
long, with something slick between them to keep them from rubbin. 

s 



10 Teachers* Guide and Question iBook. 

lo. Explain how one may swallow with head downward. Ans. 
One may swallow while standing on his head, by blowin all the air 
out of him, and making a sucshun pump of his stomic; or in per- 
feshonal languige by the automatic-double back action of the assofaph- 
agus. 

^ II. What bones join at the shoulder? Ans. The bones that 
jom at the shoulder am the copical and the hamerclabecal. 

HISTORY. 

If it be true that "the makers of history are the rulers of a country " 
then I beg you consider the makers of history and imagine the domin- 
ion of such powers. 

1. _ Give a sketch of life of Martin Luther and two of his contem- 
paranes. Ans. Luther led in the reformation, Robespiere was his 
colaborer but the war was caused by importation of opium into 
Chma and the British minister was not allowed to preach in Pekin 

2. What is meant by the Renoissance? Ans (i) The Re 
nisance were a code of law in which the people were drawn up in a 
more Concene form, and what we could not do otherwise we tride 

in this and all directions, and would be granted to the best of the 
time. 

Jn-: tT*""-, '^''^'""™'°"g o' » country depends upon the 
femhty of the so,I and the civilization of the people, hence that of 
Kome, Greece and other countries differs 

lead ,h?" °/.*' ^"''^'f *= ^"^ ^="'- ^"'- Santa Anna 
lead the confederates at the battle of the Cow Pens-The place 

r^rTir: r'r ^-^ *= Yankees got all the cattle 

,? t *' '■'' °' Gutierres. J„s. The Guiterres 

were those «^o settled in Texas in the early day, and owne^ W 

to th Te r "''" " ^^"""'^ *^°™='"^''= 8™"al and missionan' 
to the Texans but were all killed out by the Indians. 

Hell Ft M "r ^V ■^"'' °™"^' " *e war with Mexico. 

ventionririf ' ""' 'T""" ™' °* *^ S™ ^^'-'P^ Con- 
vciuion. /Ins. It were a failure. 

6. What was the Coahuila Trouble^ An. -ru ^ 
thought the lan^age and climate was t far i^. ^"^ ^T 

A\ ^;*"\.^."^'™""^ t"-=en two parties. 
(3). He used h,s inHuence to cause a nigger uprisin. 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. II 

7. Give sketch of the life of Santa Anna. Ans. Santa Anna 
was the British General in the Revolution. -He was studyin for the 
ministry, and was mighty pius while he was gitin into office. 

(2). Santa Anna was educated in the Pedagogues of Mexico, and 
lost his leg at Gettysburg and his wooden leg at Bull Run. 

(3). As 'Santa Anna was a gitten old, on account of his wooden 
leg and could not help it — in his las days he spent much agony, and 
he would have been killed after the battle of San Jacinto but Gen. 
Houston said he was so mean he wanted him to live and see trouble. 

(4). He was a great friend of the Texans but in disguise. 

8. What is meant by Imperialism? Ans. It was a speech by 
Mr. Bryan. 

9. Describe some great duel in early American History and 
name the participants. Ans. One was the' blowin up of the Maine 
and another was Aaron Burr fought a duel with Hannibal. 

10. Tell of Stephen F. Austin's first visit to Mexico. Ans. Well, 
when he got there, he found the Congress in such an uproar with the 
House of Representatives that he could not ask for what he wanted — 
He went there to get some liberty, but his proposition was put in pris- 
on and hell about 2 years. 

11. Give sketch of the first Triumvirate. Ans.. Julius Cesar 
was the first Triumvirate, and was badly wounded at Shilo. 

12. What was the Greer County trouble? Ans. The trouble 
was the people there did not know whether they were in Texas or 
Indian Territory. 

13. What was Santa Anna's excuse for the massacre at Goliad? 
Ans. Well, he said they were takin a little walk and all got killed 
axidently. 

14. Define the Monroe Doctrine. Ans. The Monroe Doctrine 
is (hat women do not have souls until after they git married, therefor^ 
it is a man's duty to marry as many women as he can git. 

15. Give an account of the Fredonian Rebellion. Ans. Gen. 
Fredonia led the rebellion against Santa Anna in Mexico and was 
successful but after ward lost out. 

(2). Another: The Mexicans were a terrier to the colonists, 
and they revoltioned after they had been drug from their beds at the 
dead of night about nothin they knowed nothin about, hence the 
rebellion. 

16. Who are meant by Daughters of the Republic. Ans. The 
Daughters of the .Republic have decided to take charge of al the 

s 



12 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

public Institutions of the country, look after the blind, deaf and in- 
firm, and to try to fill the capetal with noted characters. 

(2). Another: They are the daughters of the Republicans 
organized to help and encourage the Republicans. 

17. Who are the Daughters of the Confederacy. Ans They 
are to nurse the sick and wounded soldiers and do anything else of 
interest to the dead. 

18 Name three sources of revenue in the United States. Ans 
ihe best three I know are money, money, money. 

^T <?^r^'^ Examiner-Please give me a good grade-Re- 
member The Lord loveth a cheerful giver." 

MATHEMATICS. 

I. Define simultaneous equations. Ans. They are when two 
hapen on the same time. 

r un^itirsir '^'^ '" ' '- ^-^^^ ""-'■ -- '- ^- ^- ^^ 

number?''l;"T.^''-' ''"^"""^ '"'''^''^ ''''''■^'' -^ — ^e 
numbers. Ans. They ,s a great deal of difference because they is not 

4. How do you find the circumference of a circle when the di 
ameter is given? Ans. Jess measure round it. " 

{2). By enomilation and evolitation. 

5. The population of a certain ritv ;<= ctQ,^ j 1/ 

are children; how „,a„y child,. ^ J.s W I / "1 'n, "" "T 
on ies, way I see is .o count then, children ' '^ '"' '"^^ "^ 

U). Just get ,a>4 .hilern outen de population of de hole. 

long w 1 1 Teltd if^th'" ™t '" '° ''""'• ^ ■■" ^ ''™-'- h- 

of 40, and 40 rtr. h d^oir^t: iT"'":- ''"■, '^^"' ^° '^ >-»" 

but anybody thnt ha, be n " Wu' T '^" " "" ''°" ™"' '° ^now 

a .akin this h:i;i::i:;i''™ r; t*^ ''^ ^°' ™ ""--- 

kt nothing discouZ Cne ''"■'' "'' °"' ^' *"'''"«' ^"' 
fullest littk mo°r:nd^h ; ^'7 ""• '^'''^ ''^ ™^ "^ '^e buti- 

wide world Ion ^ '""""' ' ^^" ^™- "' '- a girl in the 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 13 

GEOGRAPHY. 

1. Name the leading products of Switzerland. Ans. It is skins, 
scenery and other animals. 

2. Name and locate the Capital of Japan. Ans. It is Chatanoga, 
and is in that country. 

3. Define Parallels of Latitude and Prime Meridean. Ans. 
Parallels .of Latitude is lines parallel to the earth or lines runnin to 
the earth around the poles and the prime meridian is the circle 
nearest the pole. 

4. Locate the Lakes of Tibbett. Ans. They is the highest in the 
U. S. in the valley between the Miss. River and the Sarah desert. 

5. What states are noted for Sugar Cane? Ans. They is Maine 
and Knoxville. 

6. What are the causes of earthquakes? Ans. It is caused by 
the senter of gra^-ity a slippin, or waves striken the shore. 

7. Under what form of government is Porto Rico? Philippine 
Island? Ans. They is under a providential form of government. 

8. Name the navigable rivers of the Gulf slope, Ans. Some is 
more navigabler than other and is therefore more worthyer to be 
named than others, and the Gulf flows into most of them. 

9. Define Great and Small circles. Ans. A Great circle is one 
that is round — I think — or one that covers the whole earth — that is 
Lat. is tb.c broad way and Long, is the short way. Lat. is sometimes 
the bight above the sea level. 

10. Name two peninsulas of the United States. Ans. They is 
the Sarah desert and the Black Sea. 

11. Name the two longest rivers in the central part of N. A. 
Ans. It is Uruguy and Paragy, but they is goin to cut the negerata 
canal at Panermar. 

12. Locate Davis Strait. Ans. Davis Strait connects Abasin- 
ian canal and the ismus of Panoramer. 

13. Name two natural advantages possessed by the Alantic slope. 
Ans. The Rocky Mts. system and the revolutions of the earth 
around the sun. 

14. Locate two important copper mines. Ans. The states that 
produce coper is Philadelphia and Chicago. 

15. Where is the Mammoth Cave? Ans. The mammoth cave 
are in the Hlwayan islands, which is in Mobile. 



S 



14 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

CIVIL GOVERNMENT. 

1. Name two forms of Government. Ans. The Republican and 
Democrat. The Republicans is a government ruined by the people, 
and the Democrats is when the people are in a majority. 

(2). Another: Monarchy and Anarchy. 

2. ^Name the qualifications of a voter. Ans. The qualifica- 
tions of a voter in my country is to use whiskey, tobacker and opium, 
and he must be a male citizen 21 yr old and not a woman nor an 
insane idiot. 

(2). Another: He must be a male citizen of the U. S. and a 
male person of his state. 

3. What three rights are guaranteed persons accused of crime. 
Ans. Habeass Corpass and expost facto laws. 

(2). Another: He cannot be arrested until he has had a fair 
and just trial. 

(3). Another: He may be put to death, have his neck broke 
and sent to prison for life. 

(4). Another: He is guaranteed to prison and the neck braken 
place or punished. 

4. How may a foreigner become a citizen of the U. S. Ans. 
He must comply with certain conditions before he can ever be a natu- 
ral born citizen. 

5- Define the duties of the Grand and Petit Jury. Ans. The 
duties of a grand jury is to try great offences, and a petit jury is to 
try smaller ones. 

(2). Another: The gread jury is tried by Congress and the petit 
jury by the legislature. 

(3). Another: The grand jury finds the bill and the petit jury 
finds the criminal. 

(4), The grand jury is elected for life and a petit jury for a cer- 
tain time or longer. 

ENGLISH. 

1. What is style in Rhetoric? Am. Style depends on position, 
posterity and wealth. 

2. What is meant by figure of speech? ^;z^. It is a.great anti- 
grasin, and is used to pint out some sertin thing or other. 

Write the principal parts, ^ 



/ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 15 

QUESTIONS. 
SPELLING. 

1. Spell from dictation the following: renowned, skeleton, impo- 
lite, lemonade, anxious, persecute, circular, assassinate, lyceum, origin, 
supremacy, discretion, suspicion, pitiable, antiquity, inquisitive. 

2. Show the -meaning of the following words by using them in 
sentences: atrocity, comedian, chronometer, manuscript, indignant, 
vagrant, successor, pare, pair, pear, minor, miner,, accede, exceed. 

3. Mark diacritically: nondescript, coagulate, example, psychology, 
cologne, audience, crucible, circle, freight. 

4. Spell from dictation: lettuce, celery, spinach, carrot, sardine, 
sirloin, raspberry, chestnut, marmalade, omielet, porridge, restaurant, 
museum, chamois, rhinoceros, plantain, arbor-vitae, mahogany, turbid, 
limpid, transparent, compost, gypsum, phosphate, clayey, trellis, por- 
poise, spiral, discipline, apparel. 

^. Spell from dictation: vacate, hearsay, pacify, peaceable, venti- 
late, accommodate, circulate, reverence, judicial, judgment, generate, 
horrible, tremendous, rheumatic, unsettled, partial, auction, endeavor, 
crabbed, criticism. 

6. Mark diacrtically the vowels in the accented syllables, and the 
consonants when necessary: cambric, perambulate, examine, di- 
visor, ostracise. 

7. Form derivatives using the suffixes or, fulj and the prefixes 
dis, re. Give the meaning of your words. 

8. Write the words represented by the following abreviations : 
Mass., cwt., bbl., acct., Supt., p. m., co., viz., LL. D., Gen. 

9. Spell and mark diacritically the following dictation: incompar- 
able, practically, courtesy, prophesy, prophecy, subsistence, religious, 
lieutenant, certificate, condemn, 

10. Profitably, duplicity, business, eliminate, synonym, territory, 
mischievous, document, license, equality. 

11. Spell the following dictation, every word of which is taken 
from Cooper, Estelle & Lemmon's "Our Country;" each word being 
worth 2 points. 

heretic, Spaniard, Britian, peaceable, permanent, ceremonies, tobacco, 
potatoes, sovereign, Morocco, seized, musical, forcibly capitulate, 
witchcraft, summary, suspicion, massacre, regicide, lose, perilous, 
blasphemy, militia, bigotrry, scrupulous, antipathy, parliament, dis- 
astrous, salaries, despotic, villian, mountainous, coveted, Christmas, 
hazardous, marauding, disciplined equipped, barbarous, presidency,. 



,i6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

brigadier, formidable, emancipation, tyrannous, participate. 

12. What is orthograph_v ? 

13. What is a proper diphthong? A digraph? 

14. Discriminate in meaning and use correctly in sentences the 
following s)'nonj^ms: (a) Fault — defect, (b) Announce — pro- 
claim, (c) Angr}' — mad. (d) Old — ancient, (e) Aim — pur- 
pose. 

15. Write, conecting spelling where necessary: sinevsT, motled, 
seperate, eminence, resonence, deffinite, sieze, judgement, listning, 
discourse, repart, wondrfull, opportunity, movible, pedestrian, enthu- 
siastic, indicitive, wholj^, irrevocable. 

16. Spell the following dictionar}^ pronunciations: fashal, insa- 
sheabl, vu, fortynnat, paject, disyus. 

17. Suell the following distation: pleurisy, erroneous, discernible, 
procedure, occurrence, alleged, excellenc}^, facetious, embarrass, inces- 
sant, hemorrhage, polygamy, payable, apoplexj', penitentiary^, autopsy, 
exaggerate, supplementary, fusillade, inevitable, surveillance, galleries, 
commissary, politician, equivalent, incompatible, emissaiy, prophesy- 
ing, achievement, menace, weird, benefited, tracing, prevalent, consen- 
sus, supersede, surgeon, heresy, interfering, noticeable, amateur, ap- 
pellate, corroborate, acquittal, acceptable, palisade, discrepancy, sus- 
tenance, accessible, inflammable. 

18. Disignate by number in the above list, the words accented on 
the penult and those accented on the antepenult. 

19. Give the rules of spelling illustrated b)^ any two of the words 
gi- en. 

20. Mention two uses of the hj'phen and two of the apostrophe. 

21. Rewrite from the list words illustrating the following 
sounds : soft g^ long a, i like long e^ short o, s like z. Syllabify, mark 
the accented syllable, and mark diacritically the words selected. 

22. Select a word that contains a silent letter which affects the 
pronunciation. 

23. Define three words from the list and write synon}ms for 
three others. 

(i). Spell the following words to be pronounced by the examiner: 
gr-.vious.vertical, parallel, Nicaragua, . occurred, changeable, poniard, 
apparatus, bureau, c)"linder,initiate, controlled, humorist, contagious, 
noticeable, inveigh, unique, criticise, juiciness, ph5-sician. 

24. Spell from dictation: malice, utilize, quadrille, wrestle, mar- 
tyr, angelic, coerce, crochet, divorce, dissipate, cancellation, outra- 



Teachers- Guide and Question Book. 17 

geous, humbugged, preference, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, geyser, hem- 
isphere, forcible, forgetting. 

25. Use appropriately in a sentence each of the following: feat, 
pare, obtuse, statute, insight, patients, seller, canvas, minor, indite, 

26. Mark diacritically: popularity, mercenary, exemplify, consan- 
guineous, surreptious. 

27. Indicate the accent and use of each of the following words 
in a sentence: composite, demonstrate, envelope, appropriate, ele- 
mentary, 

28. Correct the spelling of the following where necessary: con- 
servitive, exception, mottoes, pianos, ecstacy, linament, compareable, 
changeable, invoking, seperation, cambric, sinamon, logerhead, veras- 
sity, pawsity, tassity, skepticism, commedean, tragidy, camfer, realise, 
composite, average, happily, pittyful, clipery, vicera, fasslnating, hy- 
pothysis, infallible. 

29. Spell correctly, from dictation, and use the following words 
in sentences: serene, twelfth, preceding, analysis, principal, cordial, 
salary, separate, discipline, guardian, 

30. Indicate by diacritical marks the sounds of a, using each pro- 
perly in a word, 

34, Give (rt) the rule for dropping final e. 

32, Give {b) the rule for changing final y. 

33, How would you teach syllabication? Give two of the most 
common errors which result from a lack of knowledge of syllabica- 
tion, 

34, Mark the following words so as to show the correct sounds 
of vowels and the accented syllables: vagary, abdication, precedence, 
abdomen^ isotherm. 

35, Spell from dictation: scandalize, ancient asylum, beseige, 
scenic, science, legend, neutral, secede, conscious, 

36, Imbecile, Missouri, Tennessee, Louisiana, Cincinnati, salable, 
emanate, peaceable, deceive, forcible. 

•37. Spell from dictation: knuckle, muscle, scissors, scythe, faucet, 
sieve, ninety, valise, besiege, cupola. 

38. Spell from dictation: sycamore, leopard, skein, alpaca, 
letruce, bullion, feign, concede, dungeon, misspell. 

39. Mark diacritically: two, does, date, what, care, martyr, all, 
fern, sight, ask, habit, 

40. Spell from distation the following \A'ord.s: accommodation, 
aggravate, resuscitate, tantalize, crystalize, parallel, fascmate, be- 
ginning. 



1 8 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

41. Spell from distation the following words: terrify, liquefy, 
grievance, receive, supercede, typify, ossify, rarefy. 

42. Spell from dictation the following words: occurred, offered, 
referred, differed, eying, shoeing, heifer, squirrel, unpropitious. 

43. Indicate all the elementary sounds of each of the following 
letters, by the proper diacritical marks: a, e, i, o, u. 

44. What is a prefix? a suffix? a root? Give an example of 
eav-h. 

45. Mark diacritically the letters in the following words: speci- 
men, anxiety, cousin, prevaricate, verdure, intrude. 

46. Spell correctly such of the following words as are misspelled : 
interceed, sivilized, conscience, imperilled, degestion, splender. 

48. Spell correctly such of the following words as are misspelled : 
chockolate, Cincinnate, Lousiana, redicullous, paralize, defissient. 

49. Spell correctly such of the following words as are misspelled : 
Equivalent, exterpate, judicious, sellery, tenacious, defissient. 50. 

50. Spel from dictation the following: renowned, skeleton, 
impolite, lemonade, anxious, persecute, circular, assassinate, lyceum, 
origin, supremacy, discretion, susppicion, pitable, antiquity, inquisitive. 

51. Show the meaning of the following words by using them in 
sentences: atrocity, comedian, chronometer, manuscript, indignant, 
vagrant, successor, pare, pair, pear, minor, miner, accede, exceed. 

52. Mark diacritically: nondescript, coagulate, example, psychol- 
ogy, cologne, audience, crucible, circle, freight. 

53. Spell correctly the following words: recipe, judgefment, 
siege, copy, writing, seperate, alcohol, sieze, sieve, firey, receive, de- 
fense, maintainance, mountanious, peaceable, plausable, defenceable, 
abridgment, casuality, tyranny, principle, appetite, physicaly, wholly. 

54. Mark diacrtically : fascinate, handkerchief, hurricane, 
analyse, exaggerate. 

55. Indicate the accent, and use each of the following words in 
a sentence: memorable, symmetry, biographer, agitate, docile. 

56. Correct the spelling of the following, where necessary: 
jenial, alledge, bagage, reffernce, beginer, skilfulness, chargeable, syl- 
able, perjer, satilite, chisel, mammon, attendance, dijestion, credible, 
improper, zepher. 

57. What is an abbreviation ? What is a prefix ? A suffix? Illus- 
trate each. 

58. Mark the vowels diacritically and the accented sjdlables in 
tehe folowing words; reminder, bronchitis, bushel, scallop, onj^x. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 19 

59. Spell from dictation: Rheumatism, pneumonia, pleurisy, col- 
onel, salary, Delaware, conscientious, counterfeit, deceitful. 

59. Spell from dictation: pulley, February, raiment, avaricious, 
grandeur, lettuce, guinea, glacier, tortoise. 

61. Separate into syllables, indicate the accented syllables, and 
mark diacritically both vowels and consonants in the accented sylla- 
bles: perjure, crochet, recipe, quadruped, apertures, enormous, cr3's- 
tallize. 

62. Write from dictation the following words: mortgage, erasa- 
ble, particularly, terraces, moulded, ballustrade, querulous, carbon- 
aceous, privilege, capillary, pharmacy, cemetery, comptroller, 
arraigned, statue, comparative, flurrid, merely, indefatigable, ostrich, 
apothecary, mistletoe, color, honor, quadrille, precisely, reproaches, 
consummate, solitary, favor, 

63. Make seven diacritical marks, and give the name of each. 

64. Define synonym and homonym, and give examples of each, 

65. Use each of the following properly in a correct sentence, 
affect, e£Fect, rite, wright, discernment. 

66. Spell from dictation: perpendicular, parallel, theorem, ver- 
tebrate, hypotenuse, traveler. 

67. Spell from dictation: incident, assistant, California, super- 
cede, discrepancy, liquefy. 

68. Spell from dictation: academy, genius, conscience, archi- 
tect, splendor, endeavor, partial, urchin, unsettled, impolite, reunite, 
affright, undulate, campaign, meager, oxygen, allegory, cipher, valley, 
succeed. 

69. Give abbreviations for the following words: pound, Mis- 
souri, answer, take notice, professor, honorable, county, yard. 

70. Form derivitive words, using the suffixes er, less, ly; using the 
prefixes urij re. Write the words in sentences. 

71. Mark diacritically: tune, sail, rule, scissors, bankruptcy, 
diacritical. 

72. Spell from dictation the following: separate, necessity, lit- 
urgy, energy, horrible, accessible, effigy, supersede, intervene, unfore- 
seen, 



~==\ 



20 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

73. Use appropriately in a sentence, each of the following words: 
customaiy, primarily, clandestine, turbulent, complimentary, essen- 
tial, transient, council, jeopardize, parsimonious. 

74. Define letter, word, syllable, vowel, consonant, diphthong, 
accent, and spelling. 

75. Spell from dictation: ameliorate, ceiling, (of a room), 
release, valise, believe, acquiesce, equivalent, choir, parallel. 

76. Mark diacritically the vowels in the following: blaze, flat, 
fall, what, materialize, amalgamate, intrigue, monopoly, mutually. 

77. Write two rules for spelling that are of practical value. 

78. Write the following words, marking the vowels diacriticall}'^, 
and the accented syllables, so as to indicate correct pronunciation : 
Jugular, apparatus, condolence, finance, enervate, acclimate, area, 
albumen, dessert, Newfoundland, 

79. Spell from dictation : Sovereign, medicine, malice, easel, lei- 
sure, recede, measles. 

80. Spell from dictation: poultice, mortgage, excellent, cour- 
tesy, sacrifice, architect, raisin. 

81. Spell from dictation: cinnamon, vinegar, confectionery, 
chocolate, kerosene, hominy. 

82. Explain how to encourage pupils to consult the dictionary. 

83. Give reasons for and against the use of the spelling book. 

84. Show a plan for economizing time in spelling in country 
schools. 

85. Spell and mark the words suggested below. 

(a) The possessive of the pronoun ivho. 

(b) The present participle of the verb shoe. 

(c) The word that is now used instead of mental science. 

(d) The adjective, form the noun example, that means luor- 

iJiy of being a pattern or example. 

86. Mark diacritically: iron, wand, inquiry, herbage, forbode, 
allies, altercation, sacrifice, squalor, stalwart, programme. 

87. Spell from dictation: breathe, cedar, panel, slyly, bluish, 
peaceable, rinse, aver, vying, purchase, putrefy, poultice, mortise. 

88. Spell from dictation: privilege, serviceable, censorious, 
repellency, sorcerer, vacillate, oscillate, pretension, plenteous, dissi- 
dence. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 21 

89. Spell and mark diacritically the following dictation: inflam- 
mntion, diacritically, crystallize, treatise, felicity, braggadocio, con- 
science, bewitching, serenade, singeing. 

90. Spell and mark diacritically the following dictation: poten- 
tial, resuscitate, militia, provincial, physician, Cincinnati, decadence, 
duet, discipline, independent. 

91. What is the distinction between the name and the power of a 
letter? 

92. State the relative advantage of oral and written spelling as a 
drill exercise. 

93. Spell from dictation: guerilla, surcingle, dishabille, scarify, 
millionaire, vicissitude, nonpareil. 

94. Spell from dictation : Chenille, exchequer, corpuscle, saccha- 
rine, harelipped, mulleire, beleaguer. 

95. Spell from dictation : elecampane, fusilade, porphyry, lach- 
rymal, cuirassier, exhilarate. 

96. What is meant by a primitive word? A derivative word? 
give examples. 

97. Use words in which examples of the sounds represented are 
found, and make five of the diacritical marks. 

98. Spell from dictation: desirous, genteel, persecute, discent, 
lancet, immense, deceitful. 

09. Spell from dictation: Licorice, chargeable, gristle, eighteen, 
prettily, crevice, postscript. 

100. Spell from dictation: mortise, incite, delicious, discern, 
celerity. 

loi. Use in correct sentences, so as to illustrate meaning: incur- 
sion, credulous, sacrificed, parasite, peremptory. 

102. Separate into syllables and mark diacritically: cathartic, 
veteran, sugar, usurper, circumstances. 

103. Spell from diction: caravan, expense, heroes, pretension, 
sojourn, function, picnic, almanac, calendar, cinders, incredible, repeti- 
tion, issuance, valid, serene, similar, centrally, affixed, plumbing, sub- 
ordinate, italicised, compasses, scissors, eligible, processes, seceding. 

104. Spell words in which occur the various sounds of the vowel 
"e" In English, marking each "e" diacritically. 



■^ 



22 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

105. Spell the possessive form of each of the following: (a) girl, 
(b) ladies, (c) years, (d) mice, (e) Brown & Co. 

106. Correct the spelling in the following: 

(a) Throe phisic to the dogs; isle none of it, 

(b) Idol tiers, I know not what they mein. 

(c) The golden altar which was before the thrown. 

(d) A baron trcked of land is called a dessert. 

(e) Truthfulness is the principle test of carachter. 

A 07. State the meaning of the following prefixes, and spell and 
derine a word illustrating each : ob-, retro-, pre-, pro-. 

108. Spell the words of which the following are abbreviations: 
Mr., Mrs., Jr., Sr., 800 A. D., 3 a. m. 

109. In arranging words for an ordinary spelling book, what 
should be the chief end in view? What else about a word should be 
taught in connection with its spelling? Why? 

no. What are the l)enefits to be derived from an exercise in writ- 
ten spelling? In oral spelling. 

111. Write words, using diacritical marks to illustrate all the 
different sounds of the vowels a, u, and consonants c, g. 

112. Write the present participle of each of the following verbs: 
bet, die, bite, ply, freeze, omit, flee, hew, buy, believe, regret, ferret, 

1*13. Write the following list of words, making necessary correc- 
tions: moveable, sieve, lettis, averdupoise, siderial, accede, sythe. 

114. Write the following list of words, making necessary correc- 
tions: criticise, codicile, elaps, ecstacy, plurisy, docile, rarify. 

115. Write the following list of words, making necessary correc- 
tions: Abscess, eyeing, scollar, rogueish, procede, prarie. 

116. Spell words in which occur the various sounds of the vowels 
a and u in English. 

117. Use the following words in sentences suggestive of their 
meaning: rood, rude, seer, sear, shear, sheer, tier, tear, session, 
cession. 

118. Spell and state the rule for spelling ihe present participle of 
each of the folowing verbs : drop, ride, die, dye, eat, forbid, profit. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 23 

119. Write the following words, dividing them into syllables, 
marking the principal accents, and correcting the spelling where 
necessary: utilize, garulous, sanguin, legible, inovation, chocolate, 
negative, franchize, imersion, maintainence, 

120. Define and give three examples of each: labials, dentals 
linguals, palatals. 

121. Spell words in which occur the various sounds of the vowel 
i in English. 

122. Use the following words in sentences suggestive of their 
meanings: lose, loose, specie, species, ally, alley, pistol, pistil, metal, 
mettle, indite, indict. 

123. Give the rule for each of the following spellings: dropping, 
soiling, traveling, forcible, courageous. 

124. Correct the spelling of the following: 

(a) On the sinewey arms of the athleat the mussels, stood out 

planely. 

(b) His discoarse chowed excitement, and the council he gave 

revealed a timorous character. 

(c) Beyond that paralell no sereals are cultivated. 

125. Write the following words, dividing them into syllables, 
marking the principal accents, and correcting the spelling where ne- 
cessary: journalist, cannonize, vinyard, fileings, annihilate, embarass. 

126. In English orthography what consonants are regularly dou- 
bled at the end of monosyllables and following a single vowel ? Illus- 
trate the rule, and give several exceptions. 

127. What other consonants are sometimes doubled at the end of 
a word ? Give instances. 

128. Is a consonant ever doubled after a dipthong or double 
vowels? Give examples of diphthongs and double vowels followed 
by some of the consonants mentioned in Nos. 126 and 127. 

129. Write the following words, dividing them into syllables, 
marking the principal accents, and correcting the spelling where neces- 
sary: utilize, garulous, sanguin, legible, inovation, chocolate, nega- 
tive, franchize, imersion, maintenance. 

130. Mention some ways by which the spelling lessons may be 
made interesting. 



■^ 



24 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

OUTLINE OF COMPOSITION. 

I. Sentence. 

1. Definition. 

2. Classification. 

(a) According to meaning, 

1. Declarative, 

2. Imperative, 

3. Interrogative, 
Exclamatory. * 

(b) According to form, 

1. Simple, 

2. Compound, 

3. Complex. 

3. Parts. 

1. Subject. 

(b) Modified. 

2. Predicate. 

(c) Modified. 

II. Capital letters. 

1. Begin the sentence, 

2. Proper names. 

3. All names of Deity. 

4. Every line of poetry. 

5. I and O when used as vi^ords. 

III. Narration. 

1. Selection. 

2. Order of relation. 

3. Time. 

4. Suspense. 

5. Climax. 



IV. Description. 



View point. 

Perspective. 

Particulars. 

Cumulative. 

Panoramic. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 25 



V. 



VI. 



VII. 



A 


rgument. 


I. 


Statement. 


2. 


Opinion. 


3- 


Proposition. 


4- 


Evidence. 


5. 


Summary. 


6. 


Conclusion. 


Rhetorical Strength. 


I. 


Clearness. 


2. 


Emphasis. 


3- 


Embellishments. 




(a) Select words. 




(b) Figures of speech. 




(c) Apt illustrations. 




Punctuation. 



COMPOSITION. 



1. What are figures of speech? Why used? Name and give ex- 
amples of five figures. 

2. Name and define the different parts of a composition and give 
sources from which material may be drawn. 

3. State two laws for choice of words in composition. 

4. Distinguish between a loose sentence and a periodic sentence. 

5. Use the following synonyms in sentences so as to illustrate 
what is meant by "precision" in composition : sufficient and enough ; 
disadvantage, injury; avow, acknowledge, confess. 

6. Show use of paragraph, punctuation, and capitalization in a 
nairative of not less than twenty lines. 

7. Define and give examples of (a) obsolete, (b) provincial, (c) 
slang, (d) foreign, and (e) technical words. 

8. Name and define a lyric, an ode, an epic, a drama. 

9. Name and define three divisions of diction. 

10. Point out and name the figures in the following sentences: 

(a) Life is a sea, how fair its face! 

(b) He was swamped in the meshes of his argument. 

(c) We were ever from the cradle bred together. 

(d) Storms sob themselves to sleep. 

11. Write a composition of not less than 100 words upon the 
advantages derived from a liberal education. 



16 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

12. What is the first step to be taken in writing a composition? 

13. State how a good vocabulary may be acquired. 

14. What is metonomy? What is hyperbole? Give an example 
of each. 

15. Recast the following sentences: 

( 1 ) He was a handsome tall man. 

(2) That is an awfully ugly building. 

(3) The hunter shot the squirrel dismounting from his 
horse. 

16. Give uses for the semicolon and the dash. 

Choose your own subject and write a composition of not less than 
one hundred and fifty words, to be graded on the following points : • 

The matter — the thought expressed 20 credits 

Correctness of the language lO credits 

Propriety of the language 15 credits 

The spelling 10 credits 

The punctuation 10 credits 

The use of capitals 10 credits 

The paragraphing 10 credits 

Style and appearance 15 credits 

18. Give two examples of each: (a) barbarism; (b) impropri- 
eties; (c) provincialism. 

19. Write sentences, one for each, illustrating faults in respect to 
(a) unity, (b) emphasis, (c) coherence. 

20. Discriminate between the synonyms in the folowing words, 
and write sentences in which the words are used with propriety and 
precision: acceptance, acceptation; devote, apply ; close, conclude; 
connection, relation; contest, dispute; defend, protect; notice, remark, 
observe. 

21. State (a) some characteristic of a strong paragraph, and (b) 
a good arrangement of its subject matter. 

22. What is (a) an e.xordium, (b) a peroration? 

23. Name an example in English literature of each of the follow- 
ing forms of composition: (a) narrative, (b) exposition, (c) argu- 
mentation, (d) lyric poem. 

24. Are there other opportunities to teach "composition" than the 
period formaly assigned to that subject? If so, discuss the conse- 
quences of neglecting them. 

25. Which is more comprehensive, composition or grammar? 
Explain your answer. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. i^ 

26. (a) Show that different faculties of the mind are most promi- 
nently active in different kinds of composition, 

(b) Explain the utility and convenience of paraphrasing, as 
an exercise for a class in "composition." 

27. (a) Write three simple sentences, and then unite them in 
one compound sentence. 

(b) Write three simple sentences and then unite them in one 
complex sentence. 

28. (a) What is meant by the unity of a paragraph? 

(b) How is the beginning of a paragraph indicated in correct 
writing or printing? 

29. Use the following words in sentences so as to bring out 
proper distinctions in their meanings : illiterate, ignorant, stupid ; 
capacity, ability ; detest, loathe ; over, above. 

30. Name and explain the "figures of speech" used in the follow- 
ing sentences: 

(a) Pleasures are like poppies spread. 

(b) The wine cup was his ruin. 
(c)He was a pillar of the State. 

31. Give means for developing interest in composition work. 

32. Mention and give examples of figures of speech that are based 
upon comparison. 

33. What is meant by good diction? Name the qualities essential 
to good diction. 

34. Write a business letter. 

35. Write an essay of not less than 200 words on the "Texas 
Summer Normal Institute." 

36. Reconstruct the folowing sentences: 

(a) This is one reason why he did, and every one else ought 
to attend the meeting. 

(b) The birds flitted about over his head at which he now and 
then threw a stone. 

(c) This wine is made from selected fruit, warranted pure, 
and free from artificial gases. 

(d) That affair turned out differently than I expected it to. 

37. Discuss the relation of composition to grammar. 

38. Discuss the value of making a critical study of words in the 
spelling lesson. 

39. What branches of study are most intimately associated with 
composition? Explain why composition should be regarded in the 
teaching of every subject, and the evil consequences of neglecting to 
do so. 



aS Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

40. Explain why and how the critical aim in teaching composi- 
tion should be subordinated during the earlier years of such instruc- 
tion to the constructive, stimulative aim. 

41. In teaching composition is it better to present rhetorical theory 
as a necessary comment upon exercises, or to append exercises to a 
theoretical text? 

42. Explain the following figures: 

(a) She was like a morning rose newly washed in dew. 

(b) Faith builds a bridge across the gulf of death. 

(c) The aspen heard them and she trembled. 

(d) The front garden was no bigger than a napkin. 

43. Explain the fault in each of the following sentences, and 
correct it: 

(a) "Throughout the story the princess seems to be under the 
influence of another woman, and was taught or was trying to believe 
she hated men." 

(b) "An attempt will be made on Sunday to enforce the 
State 'blue laws,' the newsdealers having been forbidden to sell papers 
and the liverymen from running public carriages." 

(c) "At the conclusion of Captain Smith's testimony, a can- 
of roast beef was examined by the court which had been with the 
troops at Santiago." 

44. (a) What is the proper preposition to follow (in usual com- 
binations) each of the following words: absolve, accord, acquit, 
comply, dependent, independent, dissent? 

(b) Give two prepositions which properly follow each of the 
following words, and state the difference in meaning or application 
caused by the change of the preposition: agree, change, confer, 
confide, disappoint, taste. 

45. Would a complete knowledge of grammar be sufficient for 
good composition? If not, what else is required? 

46. Correct or improve the following sentences: 

(a) It was requested that no one would leave the room. 

(b) Not only he found her emplo5'ed, but pleased and tranquil. 

(c) Every one is the architect of their own fortune. 

(d) Of all other vices lying is the meanest. 

47. Give a plan for a term's composition work for a class that 
would enter an average high school at the close of the term. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 29 

48. Paraphrase into the best prose stylt at your command the 
following vevses: 

Delightful task! to rear the tender thought, 
And teach the young idea how to shoot, 
To pour the fresh instruction o'er the mind, 
To breathe the enlivening spirit^ and to fix 
The generous impulse in the glowing breast. 

49. Write a composition of not less than 250 words on one of the 
following subjects: 

Examinations. 
School Compositions. 
A Day's Experience of a School Teacher. 
Summer Normal Schools. 
The examiners will grade the composition upon the following basis : 
I- — The matter, that is, the thoughts expressed. 2 — Correctness 
and propriety of language. 3 — Division into paragraphs. 4 — Neat- 
ness and general appearance. 5 — Punctuation. 6 — The orthography. 
7 — Use of capitals. 

50. Discriminate between metaphor and simile; between tautology 
and redundancy. 

51. Define antithesis; climax; give an illustration of each. 

52. Write a sentence containing the figure of metonomy repre- 
senting the container for the thing contained; the sign for the thing 
signified ; cause for effect. 

53. Define and name an illustration for each of the following: 
Epic poem; lyric poetry; dramatic poetry. 

54. Illustrate by proper symbols a line of anapestic tetrameter; of 
dactylic hexameter. 

55. "Ignorance is the curse of God; knowledge the wing where- 
with to fly to heaven." Name two rhetorical figures in this quota- 
tion. 

56. What is a mixed metaphor? Give an example. 

57. Name three classes of sentences considered from a syntactical 
standpoint, and give an example of each. 

58. If a sentence is long and involved, show two methods for cor- 
recting the trouble. 

59. Name three kinds of literary style, and three authors, one rep- 
resenting each kind of style named. 

60. Name the parts of a letter, and state of what each part con- 
sists. 



30 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

6 1. Mention three instances in which a word should begin with 
a capital letter. 

62. State a rule for the use of the semicolon; the colon. 

63. Write a sentence requiring both a colon and a semicolon. 

64. Write to a publishing house or book dealer, an order for a 
book, inclosing a postal note in paj^ment of the price. 

65. Write to a friend in St. Louis, a letter describing a journey. 

118. Define: essay, autobiography, memoirs, fiction, news, satire, 
parody, diary, figure of speech, punctuation. 

119. What five important elements can you mention in connection 
with correct letter writing? 

120. Write a letter to a business firm asking for a position. 

121. Write a letter to the Governor of Texas, asking for his ser- 
vices in securing the release from service of some sick friend in the 
Philippines. 

122. Write a brief biographical sketch of any prominent person now 
living, or any other in the history of our countiy. You will be 
graded on neatness, punctuation, capitals, historical accuracy, syntax. 

66. Punctuate: In 1894 the year of his third voyage he published 
a beautiful poem on which he had worked for several years Travelers 
Abroad. 

67. Name and define the parts of a composition. State the sources 
from which materials for compositions may be drawn. 

68. State three rules that will assist one in acquiring a good 
vocabulary, 

69. What is a paragraph ? Give three uses of the comma. 

70. Define simile and metaphor, and give an example of each. 

71. Define sjmonyms. Of what special advantage is a knowledge 
of synonymous terms in composition? 

72. State two laws for choice of words in a composition. 

73. Write a brief letter of introduction for a friend. 

74. Use, in sentences, the words exordimn and peroration. 

75. Write sentences containing, respectively, the following words: 
character, reputation, fame. 

76. In teaching j^oung children, should fluency be encouraged at 
the sacrifice of style, or should style be cultivated at a sacrifice of 
fluency? Give reasons. 

77. What are the differences between poetry and prose? 

78. Write four sentences containing figures of speech of different 
kinds, and name the figures of speech used. 

79. Criticise the following: Personification is when we ascribe 
life or action to inanimate objects. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 31 

80. Name three or more different kinds of style, and give charac- 
teristics of each. 

81. Show the distinction between the use of shall and luill. 

82. Explain the difference in the use of he who and he that. 

83. Write a composition to contain not less than 150 words on 
"The Value of Early Moral Training." 

84. Give four rules for the use of the comma. 

85. Give examples to illustrate each of the rules given in answer 
to the above. 

86. Recast the following sentences so as to make them harmo- 
nious : 

( 1 ) The work was comparatively and easily done. 

(2) This is the most beautiful scene that we have ever seen. 

(3) It is not pleasant to be set at work with a set of workmen 
like these. 

87. Make clear the distinction between apostrophe and personi- 
fication. 

88. Give two uses each of the period and the apostrophe . 

89. At what stage of the course should children begin to do com- 
position work ? 

90. Of what kind of exercise does your first composition work 
consist ? 

91. Do you have your pupils put in the capitals at the proper places 
when they begin to write sentences, or do you have them first write 
sentences, using only small letters? Why? 

92. Tell of some composition work you would have your fourth 
reader class do. 

93. What do you think about having your compositions corrected ? 

94. Mention five rules for the use of capital letters that you 
always observe in writing. 

95. Give four rules for the use of the comma. 

96. Mention four requisites of a good style in composition. 

97. What is the rule by which you are guided in determining when 
to use that as a relative, in the preference to luho or which f 

98. Write an order of ten lines for a bill of groceries, employing 
"my dear sir" and "yours truly" written correctly. 

99. Explain the differencce between the use of courage and forti- 
tude, and between the use of fault and defect. Illustrate by writing 
sentences. 



32 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

TOO. Suggest a proper word for each italicised word in the follow- 
ing sentences : 

(a) His conduct aggravates me. 

(b) He had exceptional opportunities for learning, 
(d) A century transpired before it was revisited. 

loi. What is meant by clearness? Give two rules of arrange- 
ment for promoting clearness. 

1 02. What caution is to be observed in reference to the last word 
of a sentence? Explain the reason for this caution. 
103. Give two or more of the rules to be observed in forming a 
paragraph. 

104. Explain how to change from direct discourse to indirect 
discourse, and illustrate by an example. 

105. Change the order of the following sentence so as to increase 
their force: 

(a) We have prostrated ourselves at the foot of the throne, 
we have remonstrated, we have petitioned. 

(b). A busy stream ran along the ravine, and we could catch 
an occasional glimpse of it. 

(c). About one in a hundred will be found safe and agreeable 
persons to deal with. 

106. Write the frame work for an essay on one of the following 
subjects: Cheerfulness Productive of Happiness; Virtue Its Own 
Reward ; The Benifiits of Adversity. 

107. Discuss the following sentence: His boyhood days were, in 
a measure, like all other boys, spent in school and at home. 

108. What is meant by the framework of a composition? Give 
the steps in the preparation of a framework. 

109. Write a letter of introduction. 

no. Mention some means by which variety of expression may 
be secured. 

111. Construct the framework of a coiriposition on the subject of 
"The Responsibilities of the Teacher." 

112. What is good usage? Mention some classes of impure words. 

113. Define periodic and loose sentences and compare their ad- 
vantages. 

114. Define and illustrate metaphor, synedoche. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 33 

115. Point out and name the figures of speech in the following 
selections: 

( I ( The conscious water saw its Lord and blushed. 

(2) This is the porcelain clay of human kind. 

(3) Kings are like stars— they rise and set. 

(4) They have Moses and the Prophets. 

.(5) Take away the sword; states can be saved without it. 

116. Rewrite the following selection, punctuating properly, and 
observing rules for use of capital letters: "The lettuce is to me a 
most interesting study lettuce is like conversation it must be fresh 
and crisp so sparkling that you can scarcely notice the bitter in it let- 
tuce like most talkers is however apt to run to seed blessed is that sort 
which comes to a head and so remains like a few people I know grow- 
ing more solid and satisfactory and tender at the same time and whiter 
at the center and crisp in their maturity," 

117. Indicate the kind and amount of composition work that 
should be given pupils with the work of the fifth grade." 

OUTLINE OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 

I.— SENTENCE. 
See Composition. 
IL— NOUN. 

1. Definition. 

2. Classification. 

(a) Proper. 

(b) Common. 

3. Modification 
(a) Number 

( 1 ) Singular. 

(2) Plural. 

(a) Rules for forming plural. 

(b) Gender. 

( 1 ) Masculine. 

(2) Feminine. 

(3) Common. 

(4) Neuter. 

(c) Case. 

(i) Nominative. 

(2) Objective. 

(3) Possessive. 

(4) Declension, , j 



34 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 



4. Uses 

( 1 ) Subject. 

(2) Explanatoty of Subject. 

(3) Object Complement. 

(4) Explanatory of Object Compliment. 

(5) Principal word after Preposition. 

(6) Attribute Compliment. 

(7) Possessive Modifier. 

(8) Adverbial Modefier. 

III.— VERB. 



Definition. 
Classification. 



(a 



(b 



(a 



(b 



Form 

1 ) Regular. 

2) Irregular. 
Meaning 

1 ) Transitive. 

2) Intransitive. 
Modifications 

Voice 
i) Active. 
2) Passive. 

Mode 

1 ) Indicative. 

2) Potential. 

3) Subjunctive. 

4) Imperative. 
Participle. 
Infinitive. • 
Tense. 

1 ) Present. 

2) Present Perfect. 

3) Past. 
Past Perfect. 

5) Future. 

6) Future Perfect. 
Number 

1 ) Singular. 

2) Plural. 



(c 
(d 
(e 



(f 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. .35 

(g) Person. 

(i) First. 

(2) Second. 
(3) Third, 
(h) Conjugation. 
4. Use. 

(a) Predecate of Sentence. 

IV.— PRONOUN. 

1. Definition. 

2. Classification 

(a) Personal 

( I ) Compound Personal. 

(b) Relative. 

(i) Compound Relative. 

(c) Interogative. 

(i) Compound Interogative. 

3. Modification. 

4. Uses. 

(See Nouns.) 

(a) Connect Depedant Clause. 

v.— ADJECTIVE. 
I. Definition. 
Classification 

(a) Descriptive. 

(b) Definitive. 

3. Modifications, 
(a) Comparison 

( 1 ) Positive. 

(2) Comparative. 

( 3 ) Superlative. 

4. Use. 

(a) Describe or limit the thing named. 

VI.— ADVERB. 

1. Definition. 

2. Classification. 

(a) Time. 

(b) Cause. 

(c) Manner. 

(d) Degree. 

(e) Independent, 



36 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

3. Modification, 
(a) Comparison 

(i) See Adjective. 

4. Use. 

(a) To modify Verbs, Adjectives and Adverbs. 

(b) To Connect Dependant Clause. 

VII.— CONJUNCTION. 

1. Definition. 

2. Classification 
(a) Co-ordinate, 
(b). Subordinate. 

3. Use. 

(a) Connect 
(i) Words. 

(2) Phrases. 

(3) Clauses. 

VIII.— PREPOSITION. 

1. Definition. 

2. Use 

(a) Show relation. 

IX.— .INTERJECTION. 
Definition. 

ENGLISH GRAMMAR. 

1. Name all the kinds of words and combinations or groups of 
words that may be used as the subject of a sentence, and give exam- 
ples. 

2. Name all the kinds of words and combinations or groups of 
words that may be used to modify nouns, illustrating by appropriate 
sentences. 

3. Of what are the passive forms of transitive verbs made up? 
Ilustrate by giving the past indicative and perfect infinitive of strike, 
see, reap and get. 

Supply the proper form of the personal pronoun of the first person 
and singular number: ^ 

( 1 ) James is older than . 

(2) They wish to see you and . 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. ^'^ 

(3) When will they send you and a book? 

(4) They asked when you and would go. 

(5) Seeing you and , they ran. 

5. "The clock having struck one, we proceeded." Parse "clock." 

What kind of a group of words is "The clock one," and 

what is its function? 

6. Analyze: "These are the books that you thought were lost." 

7. Refer to sentence in 6th question, and parse "these," "that," 
"were lost." 

8. Write the positive of the following superlatives: next, last, 
most (two positives), worst (three positives) ; Write the rule for 
forming the comparative of adjectives from the positive. 

9. Define: word, phrase, clause, sentence. 

10. Write a sentence containing both an adjective and adverbial 
modifier. Indicate each. 

11. Explain the difference between a complex and compound sen- 
tence. Write an illustration of each. 

12. Write the plural of the following nouns: branch, solo, 
canto, potato, crisis, criterion, axis, radius. 

13. Give the verb take, in the first person singular number, in- 
dicative mode, in all the tenses. 

14. Name and give examples of five classes of adverbs. 

15. Parse the italicised words in the following sentence: 

To be hurried away by every event is to have no political system at all. 

16. Analyze or diagram: 

'Rip Van Winkle was one of those foolish, well oiled dispositions, 
who take the world easy, eat white bread or "brown, whichever can be 
got with least thought or trouble." 

17. What parts of speech are not inflected ? Define inflection. 

18. Give the opposite gender of the following nouns: lady, 
sir, duck, nun, spinster, duchess, executrix, governess. 

19. Give the mode, tense, number and person of the following 
expressions: he had gone; I would have believed; they may have 
returned ; to have believed ; if I were going; if it was raining. 

20. What is meant by government and agreement as used in 
English Grammar? 

21. By what do you determine the part of speech a word is in 
a sentence? 

22. Name the gender forms of pronouns. 

23. What parts of speech are subdivided ? What parts of speech 
have modifications? 



3^ Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

24. Write the plural of the following: Alkali, memento, motto, 
6, X, mouse, hand-ful, ox-cart, brother-in-law, valley, and lily. 

25. Analyze or diagram: "Not as the conqueror comes, They, 
the true-hearted came." 

26. What is the difference between a verb and a verbal noun? 
Write a sentence containing a verbal noun. 

27. Write a sentence containing both an adjective clause and 
an adverb clause. What is a noun clause? Give an example of a 
noun clause. 

28. Write a sentence containing a participle in the passive form 
and a predicate adjective. 

29. What principles of Grammar are violated in the following 
sentences : Neither you or I is rich. Let John and I fetch a bucket 
of water. A car load of melons were shipped to St. Louis. 

30. "When Bismarck lets fall the reins of power, there is no one 
to follow who will command the willing obedience of the German 
people ." Analyze the above sentence. 

31. Point out the nouns, pronouns and adjectives in the quota- 
tion, and compare the adjectives. 

32. Mention the infinitives in the quotation, and tell what each 
modifies. 

33. Parse: when, there, reins, one. 

34. Give the principal parts of the verbs in the quotation, and 
write the possessive singular and plural of the nouns and pronouns. 

35. "Still memory to a gray-haired man 

That sweet child-face is showing. 
Dear girl! the grasses on her grave 
Have forty years been growing. 

He lives to learn in life's hard school. 

How few who pass above him 
Lament their triumph and his loss, 

Like her — because they love him." — Whittier. 
The first seven question below refer to the above quotation. 

(1) What kind of a group of words is to a gray-haired ?nan (line 
i) ? What is its office in the sentence? 

(2) Parse girl (line 3) ; years (line 4). 

(3) What kind of a sentence (as to structure) is He lives * * * 
they love him (line 5-8) ? Why? 

(4) Parse to learn (line 5) ; fevu (line 6). 

(5) Analyze who pass above him (line 6). 

(6) Give principal parts of each verb in the first stanza. 

(7) Point out the subject and predicate of each clause in the 
quotation. 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 39 

36. Of what value is the critical study of Grammar as the 
science of language? 

37. Which of the parts of speech admit of no inflection? 

38. Name all the parts of speech, and make a sentence for each 
with this form as a sample: 

"Verb: "The hoy runs .' " 

39. Write a simple sentence; a compound sentence; a complex 
sentence. 

/[O. Write a sentence containing a word in apposition with an- 
other word ; also a word in apposition with a group of words. 

41. Write a sentence using a relative relating to a sentence. 

42. Distinguish between the proper use of the word hung and of 
the word hanged. 

43. In "He that hath ears to hear, let him hear," what is 
the construction for "he," and under what grammatical figure is this 
form of pronoun in this case justifiable? 

What and how many essentials to an English sentence? 

44. What is the plural possessive of man, lady, deer, ox, missf 
The possessive singular of conscience, Grace, church. Dallas, missf 

45. Make a sentence in which the words that shall be used three 
times, first as a conjunction, second as an adjective, third as a noun. 

46. Discuss briefly the law governing the use of shall and will. 

47. Sweet was the sound, when oft at evening's close 

Up yonder hill the village murmurs rose. 
There as I passed with careless steps and slow. 
The mingled notes came softened from below. 

— Goldsmith. 

Note. — ^The questions below have reference to the above selection, 
(i) Name the simple subjects of the principal clauses. What are 
the simple predicates of the subordinate clauses? 

(2) What are the modifiers of the verb rose? Give its principal 
parts. 

(3) Select five adjectives, and state what each modifies. 

(4) Parse when, hill, close. 

(5) Point out the prepositional phrases in the selection, and state 
what each modifies. 

(6) Analyze the last two lines of the selection. 

(7) Parse, "evening's," "softened," "below," "up," "there." 

(8) Point out the adverbs in the selection. 

(9) Express in prose the thought of the selection. 



40 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

48. What is meant by the analysis of a sentence ? Define each of 
the different kinds of sentences, with respect to form, and give an ex- 
ample of each. 

49. What is declension ? Decline the pronouns I, he, who, which. 

50. What is a clause? Write sentences illustrating three differ- 
ent uses of the clause. 

51. Re-write the following, making corrections where necessary: 

(a) I will try and solve the problem. 

(b) That kind of peaches are good. 

(c) Each of us should be heard in our turn. 

(d) I know who you have reference to . 
Give reason for corrections. 

52. Analyze the following quotation: 

"III fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, . 
Where wealth accumulates and men decay." 

53. Parse the words in italics in the quotation in question No. 
52. ' 

54. What is meant by the principal parts of the verb? Give the 
principal parts of the following: sing, think, wring, lie, sit, set. 

55. Write sentences illustrating three uses of that. 

56. Explain the difference between the use of the verbs sit and 
set, lie and lay. 

57. Write a sentence using but as an adverb; as a preposition; 
as a conjunction. 

58. Analyze the following sentence: "When a man dies, they 
who survive him ask what property he has left behind." 

59. Define comparison. Compare the following: little, late, 
many, badly, well, firm, ill, round. 

60. Classify sentences as to form ; as to use, or meaning. Give 
an example of each kind. 

61. "Old Time, in whose bank we deposit our notes, 
Is a miser who always wants guineas for groats ; 
He keeps all his customers still in arrears 

By lending them minutes and charging them years." 

— Holmes. 
(i) Mention the principal and subordinate clauses in the first 
two lines of the above quotation. 

(2) Parse Time, and name all its modifiers. 

(3) Name in order the simple subjects and simple predicates 
in the selection. 

(4) Name and classify the pronouns, and give the case of each 
pronoun. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 4t 

(5) Give the construction and case of the following: bank, 
notes, guineas, groats, customers, years. 

(6) Analyze the last two lines of the selection. 

(7) Parse Charging. 

62. Write a sentence containing an infinitive used as (a) a 
subject, (b) an object. 

63. In how many ways is the gender of nouns indicated ; give 
an example of each. 

64. State the three chief methods of forming the plural of Eng- 
lish nouns ; give an example of each. 

65. Explain how nouns in the possessive case, singular, end; in 
the possessive case, plural. 

66. Write sentences, using correctly: (a) a qualitative adjective, 
(b) a quantitative adjective, (c) a numeral adjective, (d) a demon- 
strative adiective. 

67. Explain the diflference in the uses of the word passing in the 
following sentences: 

(a) He reads af the passing of Arthur. 

(b) Henry, passing thence rode home. 

(c) The game is only good for passing the time. 
6. Analyze : Catching fish is pleasant pastime. 

68. What part of speech have no modifications. 

69. Name three words, each of which may be used as three 
parts of speech. Illustrate by writing words in sentences. 

70. Write a sentence containing a participle used as a noun, and 
one containing a participle used as an adjective. 

71. What is meant by the agreement of pronouns with their an- 
tecedents ? Illustrate. 

72. (a) "It is much easier to be critical than to be correct." 

(b) "The language dontes the man." 

(c) "There is but one failure; that is not to be true to the best 
one knows." 

(d) "We live in deeds, not years; in thought, not breaths; in feel- 
ings, not figures on a dial. He most lives who thinks most, feels 
the noblest, acts the best." 

The questions below refer to the above quotations. 

73. What is the subject of (a) ? 

74. In regard to structure, what kind of a sentence is (c) ? 
Why? 

75. Parse the italicised words in (a). Analyze (b). 

76. Parse the italicised words in (c). 



41 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

77. Give the principal parts of each verb in (c). 

78. Point out the descriptive adjectives in all the quotations. 

79. Parse the italicised w^ords in (d). 

80. Write the declension of each pronoun found in (d). 

81. Point out four prepositional phrases, and give the use of each. 

82. "For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn, 
Or busy housewife ply her evening care; 

No children run to lisp their sire's return. 
Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share." 
The questions that follow refer to the above quotation. 



(I 
(2 
(3 
tation 

(4 

(5 

case. 

(6 

(7 
each 

(8 

(9 



Give subject and predicate in first line. 
Parse the italicised words in first line. 
In regard to structure, what kind of a sentence is the quo- 

Analyze the last two lines. 

Parse the nouns and pronouns that are in the possessive 



Parse the italicised words in second line. 

Point out the phrases in the quotation, and tell what kind 
is. 

Give the principal parts of all finite verbs in the quotation. 

Parse the italicised words in last line. 
(10) What does the phrase for them in first line modify? 
83. "These growing feathers plucked from Caesar's wing, 

Will make him fly an ordinary pitch. 

Who else would soar above the ordinary view of men, 

And jceep us all in servile fearfulness." 

Note. — ^^Questions below refer to above quotation. 

( 1 ) Analyze the sentence. 

(2) Parse plucked (line i), and fly (line 2). 

(3) Parse these (line i), and else (line3). 

(4) ¥ arse pitch (line 2), and all (line 4). 

(5) Give the principal parts of each verb in the selection. 

(6) Decline the pronouns in the selection. 

(7) Classify the verbs as transitive or intransitive, and regular 
or irregular. / 

(8) Give voice, mode, and tense of will make (line 2), would 
soar (line 3), and keep (line 4). ' 

(9) Point out all the adjectives in the selection. 

( 10) Pomt out all the prepositions. \ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 43 

84. "But sleep stole on, as sleep will do 
When hearts are light and life is new. 
Faint and more faint the murmurs grew, 
Till in the summer land of dreams 

They softened to the sound of streams. 
Low stir of leaves, and dip of oars 
And lapsing waves on quiet shores." 

— Whittiers "Snow Boiaid." 

The first six questions relate to the above quotation, 
(i) Parse stir and dip (line 6). 

(2) Point out a compound adverbial clause. 

(3) Point out the object of to (line 5). 

(4) Analyze as sleep will do (line i). 

(5) What is modified by the clause beginning with when (line 

2)? 

(6) Parse lapsing (line 7). 

(7) Write a sentence with a clause for its subject. 

85. Write a sentence with an infinitive for object of a verb. 

86. Give the principal parts of do, dare, lay, prove, eat. 

87. Name the properties of the noun ; define each. 

88. Name the properties of the verb; define each. 

89. Define: redundant verb; defective verb; regular verb; ir- 
regular verb. 

90. Give a synopsis through all the modes and tenses of the verb 
write. 

91. Write the feminine gender of the following: steer, colt, 
earl, friar, hart, sire, swain, don, infant, John, marquis. 

92. What is the person of the predicate nominative? 

93. How is the plural of letters, figures, marks and signs usually 
formed ? 

94. How are compound words made plural? 

95. Write the plural of the following: alderman, court-martial, 
mouthflil, nebula, focus, hypothesis, goodness, trout, elf, it, aide-de- 
camp, billet-doux, porte-monnaie, staff, Nero, n, Dr., Mr. Jones, 
chimney. 

96. Give principal parts of the following verbs: dive, say, drink, 
gird, bear (to carry), cling, set, lie (to recline), shoe, sit, eat, wring, 
wear, strike, swim, lay, chide, dare (to venture), fly. 

97. What should be the gender of pronouns of the third person, 
singular number, when referring to both sexes? 



44 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

98. How do nouns ending in the following manner form the 
plural ; ending in y preceded by a consonant, ending in f or fe, ending 
in o? 

99. How is the possessive of compound names formed ? 

100. In what ways may a noun be in the absolute case? 

loi. State fully the difference between a personal and a relative 
pronoun. 

102. Compare — bad, far, lazy, ill, good natured, evil. 

103. Name the classes into which pronouns may be divided. Give 
sentences illustrating the use of each. 

104. Conjugate the verb see through all of its modes and tenses 
in a single person and number. What name is given to this form of 
conjugation? 

105. Correct the following sentences, if necessary, giving reasons 
for corrections : 

(a) The Mr. Harper's called on the Dr. Browns and on the Miss 
Clarks. 

(b) Is that a boy or girl's voice that I hear? 

(c) Who can I trust, if not he? 

(d) They found that the feathered prisoner had fled. 

106. Parse the italicized words in the following sentence: "To 
know that which before us lies in daily life is the prime wisdom." 

107. Analyze or diagram : "To marshal one's verbal battalions in 
such .order that they may bear at once on all quarters of a subject, is 
certainly a great art." 

108. Illustrate the use of then^ used as an adverb, and also (as an 
adjective. 

109. Give an example of a clause used as (a) subject of a verb, 
(b) as an appositive. 

no. What changes are necessary in a sentence whose verb is in 
the active voice in order that the verb shall be in the passive form? 
Illustrate. . * 

111. Give the syntax of italicised words in the following sen- 
tence: Henry Clay, the statesinarij was a representative in Congress 
many years. . 

112. Write a sentence containing two nouns in apposition in the 
objective case. 

113. Why are some pronouns called personal pronouns? Why 
should not who be called a personal pronoun? 

1 14. Write the word whisky in two ways, and opposite each word 
write its plural. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 45 

115. Write the feminine of the following: administrator, lad, 
ogre, czar, negro, monk, nephew, paternal. 

116. Write the plural of each of the following: ox, people, seraph, 
leaf, grocer, Adams, statesman, German, Frenchman, Mussulman. 

117. What is a subordinate clause? Use in sentences three kinds 
of subordinate clauses. 

1 18. Analyze : He did not feel that he should remain. 

119. Analyze: They know not what they do. 

120. Write the plural of each of the following words: branch, 
solo, canto, potato, crisis, criterion, axis, radius, biscuit, gallery. Tell 
under what law each plural is formed. 

121. Parse all italicized words in the following: 
(i) "Earnestness alone makes life eternity." 

(2) "I am a plain, blunt man that love my friend." 

(3) "The fittest place for man to die 

Is ivhere he dies for man." 
(4) "God is sweet; my mother told me so." 
(5) "But they fade, — 

The mist and the river, the hill and the shade." 
6) "But those who sin by tivo and two 
Must answer one by one." 

(7) "He came from under the bridge." 

(8) "I count my health my greatest wealth." 

(9) "Goodby, proud world I I am going home." 

122. Define mode, tense, voice, person, participle. 

123. How many modes are there, and how many tenses belong to 
each? 

124. Show precisely the meaning of each tense, and tell how each 
is formed.. 

125. Show that the superlative degree is not necessarily the highest 
degree of which the object spoken of is capable. 

126. Give two plurals to each of the following words, and show 
the difference in use in the two forms in each instance : brother, cow, 
die, genius, index, medium, penny, shot, staff, fish. 

127. Make sentences in which the auxiliaries shall show respect- 
ively the following ideas: (a) possibility, (b) ability, (c) necessity, 
(d) determination on part of speaker to apply to his own action, (e) 
determination on part of speaker to apply to another's action, (f) 
emphasis, (g) willingness, (h) duty, (i) permission, (j) futurity. 

128. Illustrate three ways of forming the different degrees of 
comparison with adjectives, 



46 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

129. Write the plural possessive case form of mouse, monkey, 

130. Write all the words in modern English that have a form 
for the objective case different from that of the nominative. Give 
both forms for each. 

131. Use in a complete sentence that (i) as an adjective, (2) 
as a conjunction, (3) as a pronoun, (4) as a noun, 

132. Write a complete sentence in which some form of the verb 
be is used, (i) in the subjunctive mood, (2) in the indicative mood, 
(3) in the imperative mood, (4) in the infinite mood. 

133. Write a complex declarative sentence containing an adjec- 
tive clause, an adverbial phrase, and a substantive clause used as the 
direct objecct of a verb. Underscore the respective elements required, 
and state the construction of each. 

134. Correct and give syntax of the words substituted in your cor- 
rection of the following: 

(a) Me and her learned it long ago, 

(b) There can be no enmity between you and I, 

(c) What's the use of me studying grammar? 

(d) Whenever a person acts in that way, you may be sure they are 
guilty, 

(e) Give it to whomsoever deserves it most. 

135. Give the common forms, and the progressive and interroga- 
tive verb-phrases of the verb "eat" in both active and passive voices, 
for the first person, singular number, imperfect tense, indicative mood. 

136. In what respect are the adjective and the adverb alike, in 
what unlike ? In what the relative pronoun and the conjunction ? 

137. Explain the distinction between participles and infinitives 
and illustrate by use in sentences. 

138. When should pupils begin oral lessons in language? When 
may they begin the study of formal grammar? 

139- Analyze the following sentence: That it is your duty to 
obey the laws of your country, does not admit of question. 

140. Correct if necessary and give reasons for correction: Me 
and him are of the same age. He spoke to you and I. She writes neat. 
You will find those sort of boys troublesome. Who was you speak- 
ing to? 

141. Write plural of the following words: money, son-in-law, 
attorney, datum, isthmus. State the rules for the formation of plurals 
in the various classes of nouns. 

142. Write a compound sentence, making each member complex. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 47 

143. Parse the italicized words in the following: 

"He who filches from me my good name, 
Robs me of that which not enriches him, 
And makes me poor indeed/' 

144. What parts of speech are inflected in English? Give ex- 
amples. 

145. (a) Name the parts of speech that have the property of 
"number." 

(b) Name the parts of speech whose number may determine 
the number of other parts of speech and give an example of each 
distinct case of such a relation. 

146. Form plurals of the following: heir- apparent, radius, neb- 
ula, juryman, deer. 

147. Write sentences illustrating (a) direct object, (b) indirect 
object, (c) adverbial object. 

148. (a) What sort of verbs can have the "passive voice" ? 

(b) What sort of verbs cannot have the passive voice? 

(c) How is the correctness of "He was laughed at" to be ex- 
plained. 

149. In the sentence, "I was not aware that such a law had been 
passed" is the dependent clause adjective, adverbial, or substantive, 
and what is its syntax? 

150. Give a brief example of an exercise in the analysis of sen- 
tences. 

151. Give a brief example of an exercise in the synthesis of sen- 
tences. 

152. Discuss the relative importance and value of such exercises. 

153. Correct gramatical errors, if any, in the following sentences, 
and explain the reason of each correction : 

(a) Between you and I, some of these questions are too easy. 

(b) Each of the pupils wish to invest a dollar of their own money. 

(c) Those kind of wagons are expensive, 

(d) He has drove the cows home. 

(e) I cannot let you and he play together. 

(f) He is a man who I know is honest. 

(g) He asked help of men whom he knew could not help him. 

154. What parts of speech may be used to connect clauses? Give 
illustrative sentences (one for each), and parse each connective used, 

155. Write three sentences containing examples, respectively, of 
(a) substantive clause, (b) adjective clause, (c) adverbial clause. 



48 Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 

156. Make three sentences each containing a different compound 
preposition, and parse each prepositional phrase. 

157' Make a sentence to illustrate each of the following con- 
structions: (a) dative object, (b) adverbial objective. 

158. Show that the possessive case must always be an adjective 
element. 

159. Give a sentence in which the possessive case of a noun is used 
as a predicate adjective. 

160. Parse the italicized words in the following: 

161. Give a sentence in which the possessive case of a pronoun is 
used as a predicate adjective. 

My dear sii', — I shall keep my appointment with you tomorrow, 
and am meanwhile Yours faithfully John Doe. 

162. Use the same verb transitively in one sentence and intran- 
sitively in another. 

163. (a) Illustrate the different ways in which a noun may be 
in the nominative case; (b) in the objective case. 

164. Make sentences in which all the relative pronouns are used — 
one for each. 

165. Use a word, a phrase, and a clause, each in "apposition." 

166. Give sentences using the following constructions: (a) infini- 
tive with subject, (b) an absolute phrase, (c) a gerund, (d) a predi- 
cate adjective. 

167. Correct gramatical errors, If any, in the following sentences, 
and explain each correction: 

(a) They brought some bread and milk, and I ate them. 

(b) Both boys are tall, but George Is the tallest. 

(c) Neither of the three men could write. 

(d) Either the President or Secretary have made a mistake. 

(e) Every book and every paper were found In their proper places. 

(f) He is a man who I know is honest. 

(g) He asked help of men whom he knew could not help him. 

168. (a) For what relations are many adjectives Inflected in Eng- 
lish ? Illustrate. 

(b) Name two adjectives that are inflected for number. 

169. Use adverbs qualifying all parts of speech that can be so 
qualified. 

170. (a) Write a sentence In which a pronoun fulfills the func- 
tion of a conjunctive, in addition to Its substantive use. 

(b) Write a sentence illustrating an adverbial conjunction. 



' Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 49 

171. Correct gramatical errors in the following sentences; ex- 
plain each correction and parse every italicized word : 

(a) He gave each one their share. 

(b) Who did you see at the fair? 

(c) She didn't see the error. 

(d) Thty don't care who the-Y hurt. 

172. Name and define the parts into which English grammar is 
divided. 

173. Name the verb in each of the following sentences. Tell how 
it agrees with its subject, and state the rule for such agreement: 

(a) The news of his death was confirmed. 

(b) Charles and Emma are good scholars. 

(c) Either ability or inclination was wanting. 

174- State the general rule for the correct use of the relative 
pronouns who, which and what. 

175' Name the distinct objects to be kept in view in giving in- 
struction in English grammar. 

176. Copy, punctuate and capitalize the following: 

Whatever happens mary exclaims elizabeth I am the wife of the 
prince of Spain crown rank life all shall go before I will take any 
other husband. 



OUTLINE OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

Use these "Links" to form the graet chain of events. Link to- 
gether. Persons, Places, Events, Results. 

DISCOVERIES. 

1000- 1 500. 
Ericson, 
Columbus, 
Cabots. 

What? 

When? 

Where from ? 

Why? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 



50 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 



1 500- 1 600. 



England, 




French, 




Spanish. 






Who? 




When? 




Where? 




Why? 




Incidents ? 




Results? 




INDIANS. 


Tribes. 






When? 




Where? 


Troubles ? 






In New England — Why? 




In Middle Colonies— Why ? 




In Southern Colonies — ^Why? 




Leaders ? 




Incidents ? 




Results? 


After Revolution. 


During administration of 


Madison, 




Monroe, 




Jackson, 




Grant. 






Where? 




' Leaders ? 




Incidents ? 




Results? 




COLONIZATION. 


Colonies Founded. 


The Thirteen, 1600-1776. 


Virginia, 




Massachusetts, 




New York, 





Pennsylvania, etc. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

When? 
By whom? 
From whence ? 
Where ? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 



51 



Conditions ? 



Explorations, 
Settlements. 



Relations to 



William's, 
Ann's 
George's. 



Social ? 
Religious. 
Educational ? 

FRENCH. 



When? . 
Where? 
Motives ? 
Characteristics ? 
Plans? 
Governement ? 



English ? 
At home? 
In America? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 

WARS. 



Leaders? 
Where? 
When? 
Cause ? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 



^2 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

F'.ench and United States during administrations of 
Washington, 



Adams, 




Jefferson, 




Madison, 




Jackson. 






Events ? 




Causes ? 




Betv^^een whom? 




Incidents? 




Results ? 




ENGLISH. 


Mismanagement in Colonies. 




Where? 




By whom? 




Against whom? 




Cause ? 


Results? 






Protests? 




By whom? 




To whom? 




Lexington ? 




Bunker Hill? 




Continental Congress? 




Commander Chosen? 




Deplaration of 




Mechlenburg? 




Independence ? 




1776-1789. 


Declaration o 


f Independence. 




When? 




Where? 




Incidents ? 




Results? 


Revolution, 






Lexington ? 




Bunker Hill? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. £3 



Washington in Command. 

Where? 

His Chief Officers? 

Where placed? 
Campaign into Canada. 

When? 

Leaders ? 

Against whom? 

Incidents? 

Results? 
Evacuation of Boston, 

By whom? * 

When? 

Why? 
Battles of Ticonderoga and Ft. Moultrie, 

Where? 

When? 

Between whom? 

Results ? 

Immediate ? 
Remote ? 
Washington in New York, 

Battle of Long Island? 

Between whom? 

When? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 
Retreat North, « 

Why? 

To what point? 

Incidents? 
Returned South, 

To Trenton? 

To Princeton? 

Why? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 



14 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

British move on Philadelphia, 
, Lead by whom? 

When? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 
Brandy wine, 

Where ? 

Event? 

Incidents ?- 

Results ? 
Capture of Philadelphia. 

Opposing forces? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 
Gc?imantown, 

Events ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 
British go to New York, 

From whence? 

Incidents? 
Monmouth, 

Events ? 

Incidents? 

Result? 
Washington's Lines. 

Where? 

Why? 



No battles, 



Yorktown, 



For how long? 
Incidents ? 
When? 
Against whomi? 

Why? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. -55 

WAR IN THE SOUTH. 

Between whom? 
Where? 
Incidents ? 
Results? 

South Carohna and Georgia overrun by British, 
Gates ? 
Camden? , 
Green? 

Cowpens, 

Guilford Courthouse, 

Retreat ? 
Eutaw Springs? 
Results ? 

FRONTIERSMEN WEST OF THE ALLEGHANIES. 

Sevier? 
Clark? 
Robinson ? 

Prevent British and Indian alliance. 

Where? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 

Confederation — 1781-89. 
Purpose? 
Strength? 
Weakness ? 
Period of trial? 
Secession from confederacy? ■ 

Washington returns to Mount Vernon, 
For how long? 
Incidents of life as planter? 



56 Teachers* Guide and Question Book.. 

Constitutional convention, 

Origin ? 

Where? 

When? 

Delegate from what colonies? 

President ? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 
Adopted by States — 1 789-1 800. 

President elected? 

New government? 

First cabinet? 

First Supreme Court? 

Constitutional amendments? 

Hamilton's financial plan? 

Jefferson and Hamilton dififersnces? 

Foreign Relations? 

The cotton gin? 

Whiskey rebellion? 

Washington ? 
Adams, Vice President, 

When? 

Foreign troubles? 

Alien and sedition laws? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 

Removal of capital? 
Where? 
Why? 

Political sentiment? . 
Results ? 
Jefferson — 1800, 

Characteristics ? 
Foreign relations? 
Louisiana purchase? 

From whom? 

Extent? 
; , Fixed by whom? 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 57 

Lewis and Clark expedition?? 
Twelfth amendment? 
Resistance of New England? 

Cause ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 
Invention ? 
Slave trade? 
Embargo ? 
Madison — 1809, 

War, 
Cause ? 
Incidents ? 
On frontier? 
Detroit ? 
Queenstown? 
Fort Meigs? 
Perry's vistory? 
Lundy's Landing? 
Invasion of New York? 
On the coast? 
Naval battles? 

How many? 

How many American victories? 
The Constitution and Guerriere? 
Essex, Frolic and Wasp? 
Shannon and Chesapeake? 

War in South and West, 
Leaders ? 

Horse Shoe Bend? 
Fort Mimms? 
New Orleans? 
Where? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 

Peace treaty, 

When? 
Where? 
Conditions? 



^% Teachers' Guide and Question Book^ 

ERA OF GOOD FEELING. 

Monroe, 

Florida purchase? 
Monroe doctrine? 
Missouri compromise? 
Characteristics ? ^ 

J. Q. Adams — 1825, 

Policy? 
Incidents? 

Results ? 

Jackson — 1829, 

Characteristics ? 
Views ? 

Troubles with U. S, banks? 
Troubles with South Carolina? 
VanBuren, 

Reaps Adams' and Jackson's sowing? 
Disasters ? 
Subtreasury ? 
Whig? 

Leaders? 
Causes ? 
Results? 
Harrison and Tyler, 

Politics of each? 
Death of Harrison? 
The English treaty? 
Veto? 
Invention ? 



Polk, 



Texas annexed ? 
War with Mexico, 

Cause ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 
Territory acquired? 
Gold in California? 
Results ? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 59 

Fillmore, 

Organization of new territory? 
Extension of slavery? 
Where? 
Results? 

The Constitution and slavery, 

Prohibition of slave trade. 
Abolitionist? 
Insurrection in Virginia? 
Slavery in ntw territory? 
Compromise ? 

When? 
Of what? 

By whom? 

Incidents? 
Gadsden purchase? 

Incidents leading to it? 

Pierce — 1853-1857. \ 

Kansas-Nebraska bill? 
Trouble in Kansas? 
Constitution of U. S. disregarded? 
Personal liberty? 
New party? 

Cause? 

Characteristics ? 

Leaders? 

Material ? 

Buchanan — 1857-61, 

Dred Scott case? 
Political party divided? 
On what? 
Leaders ? 
Events ? 
Results? 
John Brown? 

i860 — Lincoln Elected. 

Principles involved? 
Events ? 
Results ? 



66 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

South Carolina secedes, 

Buchanan's attitude? 

Result? 
Other States secede, 

Authority ? 
C. S. Government organized, 
Lincoln inaugurated, 

Davis, 

Stephens, 

Troops at Fort Sumpter, 

Bombardment, 

Effect? 

Lincoln's call for troops? 

Response ? 
Compare the two governments, 

I As to strength? 

(a) Numerical? 

(b) Strategical? 

(c) Financial? 
Compare the two Presidents, 

Life before becoming President? 

Positions held? 

Incidents ? 

Chief causes for different conclusions? 

War, 

Causes ? 

Purpose of Federal forces? 

Purpose of Confederate forces? 
Confederate capital. 

Where? 

Removed, why? 
Federal commander? 

Previous service? 

Forces concentrated? 

Advance on Richmond ? 

When? . 

Incidents? 

Results? \ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 6i 



Confederate commander? 

IVIeets Union forces? 

Where? 

Incidents? 

Results ? 
Bull Run, 

When? 

Leaders ? 

Manuevers? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 

Opportunities lost? 

Blame? 
Second campaign? 
McClelland in command, 

Campaign against Richmond? 

Manuevers? 

Incidents ? 

Against whom? 

Comparative numbers? 

Results ? 
Peninsular Campaign? 

Purpose ? 

Plan? 

Incidents? 

Results? 
Federal commander? 
Confederate commander? 
Defense of Richmond? 
Lee in command ? 

When? 

Why? 

Sketch of Lee's life, 
Valley of the Shannandoah. 

Jackson ? 

Against whom? 

Incidents ? 

Results? 



6:2 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

Third campaign, 

Pope? 

Number of men? 

Plans? 

Engagements? 

Results ? 
Discuss : 

Cidar Mountain, 

Second Manassas, 
Lee 
Invades the North? 

Line of March? 

Antietam ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 
Buxnsides' 
On to Richmond? 

Fredericksburg? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 
Hooker's 

On to Richmond? 
Chancellorsville ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 
Lee again marches North? 

Incidents ? 

Opposed by whom? 
Comparative numbers? 

Gettysburg? 
Grant's On to Richmond? 

Sheridan's assistance? 

Lee's defense? 

Appomat ox ? 
The West and South? 
Confederate strength? 

How distributed? 

Purpose ? 

Forts Henry and Donaldson? 

Incidents? 

Results? 

Leaders ? 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 63 

Shiloh? 

Battle won and lost? 
'''Shiloh made Grant?" 
How? 

Why? 

Corinth ? 

Beauregard in command. 

Criticism ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 

Vicksburg — Grant ? 

First campaign? 
Second campaign? 

Chattanooga ? 

Incidents ? 
Results ? 

Bragg's Raid? 

Where? 
Opposition ? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 
Murfreesboro? 
Incidents ? 
Results? 

Lincoln's proclamation? 
What? 
Purpose? 

His right to make it? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 

Battles ? 

Chicamauga? 

Chattanooga? 
Leaders, 

Comparative strength ? 
Incidents? 
Results? 



64 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

In Georgia. 

Sherman to the sea? 
Purpose ? 
Characteristics ? 
Incidents ? 
Results ? 

Confederate retreat? 
Leaders? 
Why removed ? 
Results ? 

Leaves Georgia. 
Plan? 

Line of march? 
Tennessee ? 
Defeat? 
Incidents ? 
Results ? 

Johnson again in command? 
Against Sherman? 
Characteristics ? 
Incidents ? 
Surrender? 

Affairs West of the Mississippi. 
Leaders ? 
Wilson's Creek? 
Lost to the Confederacy? 
Incidents ? 
Results ? 

Arkansas. 

Leaders? 
Pea Ridge? 
Incidents? 
' Results? 

Louisiana and Texas. - 
Leaders? 
Engagements ? 
^. Incidents? 

Last Battle of the War? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 65 

Leaders ? 

Incidents ? 

Results ? 

Coast Affairs? 

Trent? 

Merrimac and Monitor? 

Effect? 

Lincoln Re-elected. 

General Terms of Surrender? 
Lincoln's attitude? 
Lincoln's Assassination ? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 

Johnston President. 

Sketch of Life? 

Characteristics ? 
Policy? 

His the only consistent course? 
Trouble with Congress? 
Congress reverses Johnston's plans and there- 
by declared seceded States out of the 
Union. 

1. Could they have withdrawn without a 
constitutional right to withdraw? 

2. Show how this act of Congress removed 
from Jefferson Davis the "Charge of Trea- 
son" and compelled his release. 

Reconstruction Acts and. Constitutional 

Amendments. 
Incidents? 
Results ? 
Impeachment ? 
Discuss What it is? 
' Before what body? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 
Foreign Relations? 



66 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

Grant — 1869-77. 

Treaty of Washington? 
Purpose ? 
Incidents ? 
Results ? 
Fifteenth Amendment? 

Official Corruption? 

Pacific Railroad? 

Affairs in Reconstructed States? 

Financial Condition? 

Hayes — 1877. 

How Elected? 
Why? 
Incidents? 

Star Route Frauds? 
Attitude toward the South? 
Troops removed ? 
Labor troubles? 
Financial condition? 

Garfield— 1881-85. 

Inauguration ? 

Cabinet? 

Party contention? 

Assassination ? 

Arthur. 

Important legislation ? 
Civil Service? 
Cotton Exposition? 
World's Exposition? 

Cleveland— 1883-89. 

Characteristics ? 
Important legislation? * 
Presidential successions ? 
Counting Electoral Vote? 
Interstate Railroad Commission? 
Anti-Polygamy ? 
Anti-Chinese Immigration ? 
Labor trouble? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 67 

Anarchists ? 
Mills' bill? 
France. 
Financial condition? 

Harrison — 1 889-93. 

Issues on which he was elected? 

Pan-American Congress? 

Purpose ? 

Representatives? 

Results ? 

The McKinley Bill? 

Financial condition? 

Diplomatic troubles? 

Samoa? 

Chili? 

New States? 

Hawaii ? 

Eleventh census? 

Party Issues? 

Cleveland — 1893-97. 

Conditions he had to meet? 

Financial ? 

Tariff? 

Silver? 

Behring Sea Arbitration? 

Columbian Exposition? 

Labor troubles? 

Atlanta Exposition? 

Era of good feeling? 

Force Bill repealed? 

Venezuela controversy? 

McKinley — 1897-1901. 

Dingley Tariff Bill? 

Bimetallic Commission? 

Purpose ? 

Result? 

Trans-Mississippi Exposition ? 

Spanish War? 

Cause ? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 

Inddents ? 
Results ? 

Hawaii annexed? 
Boxers in China? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 

McKinley — 1900-01. 

Political Issues? 
Pan-American Exposition ? 
Assassination of McKinley? 
Incidents? 
Results ? 

Roosevelt — 1 90 1 -04. 

Oath of Office? 
Incidents? 

The Hague Tribunal? 
Pious Fund? 

Second Pan-American Congress. 
Where? 
Purpose? 
Results ? 
. Coal Strike? 

Strike Commission? 

Republic of Cuba? 

Alaskan Boundary dispute? 

How Settled? 

Isthmian Canal? 

Congress Instructs the President? 

Incidents ? 

Results? 

Republic of Panama? 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 69 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

■ I. Name two of the original American colonies in which there 
were religious disturbances, and give a short account of the disturb- 
ances in one of them. 

2. State what you can about the early history of California, 

3. Give a short account of the rise, progress, and present condition 
of Mormonism. 

4. Who was "The Little Giant of the Northwest?" "Old Hick- 
ory?" "Rough and Ready?" "The Great Pacificator?" "The Rock 
of Chickamauga?" "The Rail-Splitter?" 

5. At the storming of Quebec what noted leaders fell? In what 
war did this engagement occur? 

6. Under whose administration was Louisiiana purchased? What 
price was paid ? 

7. What was the lote Force Bill, and who was its champion? 

8. What were the chief political issues of 1893? 

9. Name one prominent American historian and five prominent 
statesmen of the present day. 

10. Give an account of the expedition made in 1577 by Sir 
Francis Drake. 

11. State the purpose for which each of the following colonies 
was founded: Maryland, Georgia, Pennsylvania. 

12. Concerning the Declaration of Independence, state: 

(a) By what body was it adopted? 

(b) By whom was it introduced? 

(c) By whom was it written? 

(d) By whom was it signed ? 

13. What was the object of the New England Confederacy, 
and what colonies were included in it? 

14. After the close of the Revolutionary War, how was Wash- 
ington's connection with the American army severed ? 

15. Give an account of Jefferson's inauguration, and describe his 
planner of life while president. 

16. Explain why the Indian Territory was organized. 

17. Describe the battle of Chancellorsville. 

18. Write a short sketch of Horace Greeley. 

19. What city recently lost her mayor by assassination. 

20. Name the last two States that were admitted into the Union. 



70 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

21. Name the first military engagement of the revolution; the 
last. 

22. Give an account of "Salem Witchcraft." 

23. Give the names of five signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. 

24. Describe the battle of the Cowpens. 

25. Write five topics that should be presented to a class studying 
Monroe's administration. 

26. Name the political parties to which each of the following 
statesmen belonged: Jackson, Webster, Clahoun, Lincoln, Jefferson 
Davis. 

27. What position upon the slavery question was taken by the 
platform upon which President Lincoln was elected? 

28. What was the Kansas-Nebraska bill? 

29. How did Congress aid the Columbian Exposition? 

30. Show how the 'original claims of European powers overlap 
one another in the Western hemisphere. 

31. Did Magellan really circumnavigate the globe? What cir- 
cumstance led to his death? 

32. What presidents have served two terms? 

33. Name six geographical names of Indian origin in this coun- 
try. 

34. When was Alaska purchased, from whom and at what price? 

35. What was the Gladsden purchase? The Monroe doctrine? 
Squatter sovereignty? 

36. Describe the event that made famous Richmond P. Hobson 
and his men. 

37. Who do you think made the greatest record in the war with 
Spain, and why do you think so ? 

38. Name the wars in which the United States has engaged since 
1776, and give briefly the cause of each. 

39. Name three leading commanders on each side of the Civil 
War. 

40. Who were the first explorers of the upper Mississippi and its 
branches ? 

41. Give an account of Hudson's explorations in America. 

42. Who were the "Sons of Liberty?" the "Minute Men?" 

43. What was the "Non-intercourse act?" 

44. Name a distinguished statesman that was killed in a duel. 
Name a president that was a duelist. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 71 

45. Give an account of the "Hartford convention." 

46. Give an account of the battle of Buena Vista. 

47. Give a sketch of the distinguished statesman whose remains 
were removed from New Orleans to Richmond. 

48. State the cause of the financial depression of 1893. 

49. Tell the story of John Smith and Pocahontas. 

50. Give, as far as known, the history of the Lost colony of 
America. 

51. Give a short history of the first governor of the state of 
Virginia. 

52. Mention some of the principles set forth in the Declaration 
of Indepe|idence. 

53. What was the embargo act? Give an account of the troubles 
leading to it and the troubles growing out of it. 

5^4. Mentiont he causes that contributed to the prosperity of the 
country during Monroe's administration. 

55. Explain the cause of the speculation that marked the closing 
years of Jackson's administration. 

56. Whose administration was marked by scandalous disclosures 
of official corruption in high places? Explain the "star route" frauds. 

57. Name the presidents that have been assassinated; those that 
have died in office. 

58. How was California acquired ? Alaska? 

59. Mention two important discoveries in America made by 
Henry Hudson, 

60. State where and how Burgoyne's invasion was checked. 

61. Name two causes of the war of 1812. 

62. Describe the first battle between iron-clad vessels. 

63. By whom was the first Atlantic cable projected? 

64. How was Florida acquired ? 

65. Give a sketch of Grover Cleveland. 

66. Mention the names of three of the early explorers looking 
towards the settlement of this continent. 

67. What people colonized New York? Massachusetts? Florida? 

68. State briefly the story of Pocahontas. 

69. What was the "Fugitive Slave Law?" Locate the "Gadsden 
Purchase," and state who negotiated the purchase. 

70. Give a brief account of the laying of the Atlantic cable. 

71. State provisions of the Missouri compromise. At the storm- 
ing of Quebec what two noted leaders were killed ? 

72. Give a short account of the Boston Tea Party. 



72 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

73. Name five presidents of the United States who have been 
re-elected. 

74. Give a brief history of the first European settlers in Virginia. 

75. What induced France to lend her assistance to the Colonies? 
What American territory did France possess? State when and how 
it was acquired by the United States? 

76. Give a short sketch of the origin, growth, distribution, and 
disappearance of slavery in the United States. 

77. State briefly the causes of the war of 1812, and give a short 
account of the battle of New Orleans. 

78. What was the Missouri Compromise? Who was its author? 
What was the Wilmot Proviso ? 

79. Give the chief points of differences between President Johnson 
and Congress. 

80. Name three acquisitions of territory made by the United 
States since 1800. 

81. Mention two historians, two poets, two inventors (American) 
and name a work of each. 

82. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? When and by 
whom was it issued ? 

83. Describe two important battles of the Civil War, and name 
the commander on each side. 

84. Name the first military engagements of the Revolution; the 
last. 

85. Give an account of the "Salem Witchcraft." 

86. Give the names of five signers of the Declaration of Indepen- 
dence. 

87. Describe briefly the battle of the Cowpens, 

88. Give an account of the "Whiskey Rebellion" in Pennsylvania. 

89. What was the Kansas-Nebraska bill? When was it passed? 
who was its author? 

90. Name three of the most noted treaties to which the United 
States has been a party, and tell what each treaty settled. 

91. Give the names of all the nations that took an active part in 
exploring North America. 

92. What was the character of the early Virginia settlers? Give 
a short account of them. 

93. When were the Navigation Acts passed, and what was their 
purpose ? 

94. How long did William Henry Harrison serve as president? 
Who became president at his death? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 73 

95. Name two of the causes that led to the Civil War. 

96. Give the origin of the Alien and Sedition Laws, and state 
under whose administration they were passed. Under whose admin- 
istration they were repealed. 

97. What political parties were in existence at the time of the 
formation of the Republican party of to-day? 

98. What was the "Dread Scott Decision?" 

99. Give the names of three leaders of the Republican Party. Of 
three of the Democratic Party. 

100. Write not less than fifteen lines on the industrial develop- 
ment of the South since the Civil War. 

lOi. Give a brief account of Braddock's campaign and his defeat. 

102. Give a brief account of De Soto's expedition. 

103. Give a brief sketch of Benjamin Franklin; of Patrick Henry. 

104. What was the Embargo Act? At whose suggestion was it 
enacted? Why was it repealed? 

105. Give an account of the formation of the Indian Territory. 

106. Give an account of Jackson's troubles with the National 
Bank. 

107. States the cause of the Mexican war; the results. 

108. Describe the first battle at Bull Run. 
.T09. Named three noted Indian Warriors. 

no. Give an account of the Dutch setlements in North America. 

111. What gave rise to the Federalist and Anti-Federalist par- 
ties ? 

112. Name' three great political "compromises" of our history. 

113. Mention three statesmen of the revolutionary period, and 
tell something of each. 

114. Outline the growth of the country since the adoption of the 
Constitution. 

115. Mention three important inventions made by the people of 
our country, giving the name of the inventor of each. 

116. Mention three important battles of the war between the 
states, giving the commanding generals in each case. 

117. Write a list of the important topics to be considered by a 
class studying Jackson's administration. 

118. Write a list of the presidents from 1861 to the present time. 

119. Give three reasons why the United States History should be 
taught in the public schools. 

120. When, by whom, and into what colony was slavery first 
introduced ? 



74 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

121. Give a brief account of Burgoyne's expedition into New 
York. 

122. What was included in the Northwest Territory? What 
effect did it have on the States of the Confederation? 

123. What were the Kentucky and the Virginia resolutions? 
Give author of each. 

124. What is the Monroe doctrine? On what was it based? 
What has recently brought it into prominence? 

125. Where was the settlement of the Swedes in North America? 
By the people of what nation were they dispossssed of their settle- 
ment? 

126. Tell what you know of Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert) ; of 
Sid Edmond Andros. 

127. Contrast the early settlers of New England and those of 
Virginia. 

128. Name the thirteen original colonies; name the eleven states 
of the Southern Confederacy. 

129. Name five prominent statesmen of the United States from 
1800 to i860, no one of whom was ever president. 

130. Name the constitutional qualifications of the president of 
the United States. What ex-presidents are now living? 

131. Name five leading generals in the union army during the 
Civil War; name five leading Confederate genrals. 

132. For what are the following men noted in connection with 
the recent war: Dewey? Hobson? Schley? Lee? Shafter? Miles? 

133. What special service was rendered the cause of the Revolu- 
tion by each of the following persons: Benjamin Franklin, Robert 
Morris, Lafayette. Select for answer any two of the three mentioned 
names. 

134. Mention a colony which was under a proprietor at the time 
of the Revolution, and name the original proprietor. 

135. Specify the territory of North America which the French 
claimed at the outbreak of the French and Indian War. 

136. What disaster has in the last twenty-five years visited (a) 
Chicago, (b) Charleston, S. C, (c) Johnstown, Pa.? 

137. What parts of North America were explored by (a) Se- 
bastian, (b) Ponce de Leon, (c) Cartier? 

138. What is meant by the Monroe Doctrine? In the settlement of 
what international difficulty did Grover Cleveland vigorously ^pply 
the said doctrine? 

139. Give an account of the Jamestown settlement. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 75 

• 

140. Give an account or Roger Williams' settlement of Rhode 
Island. 

141. Give a biographical sketch of one of the following: Samuel 
Adams, James Otis, Patrick Henrj^ 

142. Tell the story of Boone's settlement of KentuckJ^ 

143. Give an account of the battle of Bunker Hill, or of the 
Burgoyne campaign. 

144. Give some facts to show the industrial prosperity and ex- 
pansion that marked Monroe's and John Q. Adams' administrations. 

145. Indicate the main feature of the compromise of 1850. 

146. Name a Spanish, French and two English explorers, and 
locate the discoveries of each. 

147. State the principal cause of the French and Indian war. 
Give the results of the war. 

148. Give a short account of the life of Alexander Hamilton. 

149. Why are the United States indebted to Lafayette and 
Kosciusco ? 

150. Name the political parties of today, and give two of the 
principles advocated by each party. 

151. What was the Omnibus Bill? Who was its author? 

152. Give two ideas Columbus had of the geography of the world. 
How many voj^ages did he make ? When and where did he discover 
the mainland? 

153. Name three forms of government existing among the 
colonies, and name one example under each form. 

154. State two reasons that might be urged for the retention of 
the Philippines and two against it. 

155. Name two of the chief issues in the last presidential cam- 
paign; two in the coming campaign. 

156. What approximately were the boundaries of the territory 
acquired by the United States in the Louisiana purchase? From 
whom was it secured, how, and what was the consideration? 

157. Outline the life of any Revolutionary character except 
Washington. 

158. Describe the battle of the Merrimac and the Monitor. 

159. What nation originally claimed and owned Florida? How 
did she acquire her title to Florida? When and how and from whom 
was it secured as one of the possessions of the United States? 

160. When and how did the Hawaiian Islands come to be among 
our possessions? Name the chief productions of these islands. 

161. What was the meaning of "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight?" 



76 Teachers Guide and Question Book. 

• 

162. Name two military leaders that distinguished themselves iil 

the Mexican War. 

163. In the dispute over the election returns in 1876, who were 
the presidential candidates, and briefly what were the causes of the 
dispute ? 

164. Briefly outline the life of Henry Clay or Daniel Webster. 

165. Select one of the following topics and explain how to teach 
it to a class: DeSoto's Expedition; the Battle of Bunker Hill; the 
Admission of Missouri ; the Assassination of Lincoln, 

166. Give a brief sketch of the life and public services of General 
Scott or General Taylor. 

167. What was the Ordinance of 1787? What provision made 
it prominent in subsequent debates on slavery questions? 

168. Give an account of the settlement and early history of Kan- 
sas . 

169. What wa sthe opening engagement of the Civil War? Give 
an account of it. 

170. Name two battles of the War with Mexico; name the com- 
manding generals on each side, and state the result, of each battle. 

171. Name two men who have been three times candidates for 
the presidency of the United States and twice successful. 

172. What invention and what commercial needs led to the dis- 
covery of America? 

173. Give a brief sketch of the introduction of Negro slavery 
into the American colonies, and state some of the results. 

174. Mention the names of five discoverers prominent in early 
American history, with a brief statement of the discovery or discov- 
eries of each. 

175. Mention two wars in which the colonies were engaged prior 
to the Revolution, and state the causes and results of each war. 

176. What brought on the war of 18 12? What battle of this 
war was fought after peace had been declared ? 

177. When and under what circumstances was West Virginia 
admitted into the Union as a State? 

178. Name five statesmen, three financiers, six generals, and four 
inventors whose names are identified with United States History. 

179. Give a short sketch of the life of William Penn, and a brief 
account of the settlement of Philadelphia. 

180. Explan how France assisted the English colonies in their 
struggle for independence. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 'j'j 

i8i. What was the "resumption of specie payments," and when 
did it occur? 

182. Give a history of the Washington monument. 

183. What was the interstate commerce act? The Chinese ex- 
clusion act? When were they passed? 

184. Give an account of the Battle of the Wilderness, or the 
battle of Chancellorsville. 

185. Name five of the most important political parties that have 
existed in the United States since the Declaration of Independence? 
Name one of the leading principles or purposes of each. 

186. What was the Stamp Act? With what reception did it 
meet among the colonies? 

187. Name and locate three of the most important battles of the 
Revolution. Why are these regarded as important battles? 

188. Give a brief account of Bacon's rebellion. 

189. Name the inventors of the following: Cotton gin, steam- 
boat, telegraph, locomotive, sewing machine. 

190. Give an account of the settlement and early history of 
Kansas. 

191. When was the battle of Manassas Junction, or Bull Run, 
fought? What was the result of the) battle? 

192. Write a short sketch of the Pequod war. 

193. With what important event is each of the following narnes 
repsectively associated: Montcalm, Wolfe? Lawrence? Hull? Brad- 
dock? Patrick Henry? Custer? 

194. State briefly the incidents in connection with the capture 
and exxecution of John Andre. 

195. Give a short account of the administration of Andrew Jack- 
son. 

196. State briefly the facts about the election in which Tilden and 
Hayes were opposing candidates. 

197. What effect did the discovery of gold in California have 
upon that State? 

198. What was the "McKinley bill ?"The "Wilson bill?" 

199. Give nationality of each of the following explorers and tell 
what part of America was explored by each: (a) Narvaez, (b) John 
Cabot, (c) Cartier, (d) LaSalle. 

200. Give a brief account of how England won supremacy in 
North America against all conflicting claims of other European na- 
tions. 



78 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

201. Give a very brief account of the revolt of the United States 
of America from England. 

202. (a) What State was bought from Spain? 

(b) What was the first State admitted from the territory 
of the Louisiana purchase ? 

(c) What was the first State admitted on the Pacific coast? 

203. How was the Northwest boundary question settled? 

204. Give a brief account of the permanent location of our na- 
tional capital. 

205. What were the notable events of VanBuren's administra- 
tion ? 

206. Give some account and explanation of the political corrup- 
tion of the administrations following the Civil War. 

207. Give a brief account of Sir Walter Raleigh's attempt to 
establish a couony in America. 

208. Give a brief account of Florida until it became! a part of 
the United States. 

209. What new territory was acquired at the close of the War 
with Mexico? 

210. What contention has the United States recently had with 
Turkey, and what is its present status? 

211. Give a brief account of the French and Indian War, stating 
the causes, the results, and its duration. 

212. When was slavery introduced into the English colonies in 
America? What, approximately, was the number of slaves in the 
United States at the close of the Civil War? 

213. Mention chronologically five important events in the history 
of this country, giving the cause leading up to each event. 

214. Give accounts of the assassination of three of our presidents. 

215. Give an account of the battle between the Alabama and the 
Kearsage. 

216. In what two colonies was religious liberty first established, 
and what two men were chiefly instrumental in founding them? 

217. Trace on a rough map or by verbal description the route in 
Sherman's March to the Sea. 

218. What is the nature of the climate and productions of Porto 
Rica? Of the Philippines? Name two points of value in the acqui- 
sition of territory by the United States. 

219. Draw a simple outline map, and indicate by dotted line§ 
the voyages of Columbus, 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 79 

220. Give an account of Raleigh's two attempts to plant colonies 
in the New World. 

221. Describe what was known as "The Starving Time." 

222. Give an account of the Wyoming massacre. 

223. What were the causes of the second war with Great Britain? 
Who was President of the United States at that time? 

224. What were the causes and the immediate results of the great 
financial panic of 1837? 

225. The Civil Rights bill, the Freedman's Bureau bill, the Re- 
construction Act, the Tenure-of-Office Act were passed over the 
veto of President Johnson. Give the chief provisions of any two of 
these. 

226. What territory has the United States acquired since the 
Civil War and how has such territory been acquired ? 

227. Describe the last fight of General Custer. 

228. Tell something of the life of Theodore Roosevelt. 

229. Name four (4) colonies settled by people seeking religious 
freedom, and tell by what religious sect each was settled. 

230. Give some account of the motives and progress of discov- 
eries in the Northwest down to 1787. What was the Black Hawk 
War? Give an account of the war career of Tecumseh. 

231. What territory has the United States acquired since the 
Revolution, when and how? 

232. When did the Constitution of the United States go into 
effect? How many amendments have been adopted? 

233. State clearly each step in the election of a president of the 
United States. 

234. What were the chief points of difference between the Fed- 
eralist and Ante-Federalist parties? 

235. Name an important event in the administration of John 
Adams, Madison, John Quincy Adams, Grant and Cleveland. 

236. What were the nullification troubles in South Carolina? 

237. Name three contests or battles which you consider decisive 
in determining the issues of the Civil War, and tell how you think 
them important. 

238. Name two French explorers; two Spanish explorers; two 
English explorers. 

239. What territory was claimed by their respective nations by 
virtue of the first discoveries made by English, Spanish, French, and 
Dutch explorers? > 



8o Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

240. Name three distinguished foreigners who aided the Amer- 
icans in the Revolution. Which one of these was the especial friend 
of Washington? 

241. What recent controversy has been going on 'between Eng- 
land and the United States? . 

242. Briefly sketch the life of Aaron Burr. What great national 
scheme did he undertake to carry out? 

243. Name six American inventors, and also what invention dis- 
tinguished each. 

244. Name two causes that led to the Spanish-American War. 
245.What territory was added to the United States by virtue of 

this war? 

246. What effect did the annexation of Texas have upon the 
government ? 

247. Give the name of a person prominently identified with the 
settlement of each of the following: (a) Kentucky, (b) Maryland, 
(c) Quebec, (d) Georgia, (e) Pennsylvania. 

248. (a) Explain the term abolitionist as used in our political 
hlstorj''. 

(b) Mention two of the most prominent abolitionists. 

249. Explain how our territory has been expanded since the adop- 
tion of the Constitution. 

250. What is the present relation of the United States to Cuba? 
To Porto Rico? To Hawaii? To the Philippines? 

251. What do you understand by the reconstruction period? 

252. What historic event Is suggested by the following names: 
Lincoln, Andrew Jackson, Clay, Franklin, Monroe, Zachary Tay- 
lor, Webster. 

253. Name the most Important events in what is generally known 
as the "Colonial Period" of the United States history. 

254. What was the Lewis and Clark expedition, and in what 
ways valuable to the country? 

255' What induced France to become the allies of the colonies, 
what American territory did she possess, and when and how did it 
become the property of the United States? 

256. Give a brief sketch of General Braddock, in the French 
and Indian war. 

257. Describe the Lewis and Clark's expedition. 

258. What was the "Era of Good Feeling?" 

259. Name the provisions of the "Omnibus bill." 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 8l 

260. Mention fve important battles of the Civil War, with gen- 
erals commanding, and state results of each battle. 

261. Name the presidents and vice presidents since 1877. 

262. Name eight political parties that have risen to prominence 
in national affairs. 

263. Trace the territorial growth of the United States since 1789. 

264. A^hat is the political status of Porto Rico? 

265. Give a short account of the settlement of Delaware until 
it was recognized as a separate English province, 

266. Name the chief political parties at the time of the adoption 
of our Federal Constitution ; state their most prominent doctrines, 
and name two leaders, at the time, in each. 

267. What additions to the territory of the United States had 
been made prior to 1825? 

268. Mention two -important inventions made in this country 
prior to 1825. 

269. (a) What president, after the first, has beep eleqted with 
little or no opposition? 

(b) Which by the House of Representatives? 

270. Describe the trouble that arose in the presidential election 
of 1876, and tell how it was settled. 

271. Give a short account of Captain Perry's victory on Lake 
Erie in the War of 1812. 

272. During what administration did each of the following events 
occur : 

(a) Completion of Pacific Railroad. 

(b) Reduction of letter postage to two cents per half-ounce. 

(c) Establishment of Interstate Railroad Commission. 

273. Give a brief account of the (a) "Back Salary Grab." 
(b) Star Route frauds. 

274. Disregarding Indian hostilities, name the wars in which the 
United States has engaged, and give their dates. Give also the names 
of presidents w^ho were in office during the respective wars. 

275. When, where, why and by whom were any two of the fol- 
lowing colonies settled: Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, Pennsylva- 
nia? 

276. How was public education regarded in the thirteen colonies? 
Explain the facts. 

277. Who were the Huguenots, and what is their connection 
with our history? 



82 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

278. What were the obstacles to the ratification of the Articles of 
Confederation ? 

279. What were the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? 

280. (a) What State was the chief theater of the Civil War? 
(b) Mention the chief campaigns on Texas soil during the 

Civil War. 

281. Give a short account of the Trent affair, explaining the im- 
portance attached to it. 

282. Name in order the first five and the last seven presidents. 

283. During what administration did the first great Labor 
Troubles occur? 

284^ During the period of European colonization of America, 
what nation had most influence with the Indians, and how was its 
influence secured ? 

285. What circumstances of their history make the religious 
intolerance of many of the New England colonists seem almost 
inexcusable ? 

286. Why did the Plymouth Colony have a patent instead of a 
charter? 

287. (a) Under what English monarch were all the New Eng- 
land colonies placed under one governor? 

(b) Who was that governor? 
(c) What was the character of his administration, and how was 
it terminated ? . 

288. Give a short account of the cruel dealings with Acadia after 
its cession to England at the close of Queen Anne's War. 

289. (a) What were the principal products of the colonies of 
South Carolina and Georgia? 

(b) In what colonies was tobacco the chief product? 

290. Who founded William and Mary College, and when and 
where ? 

291. Name the States added to the original thirteen prior to 1825. 

292. What was the chief policy of John Quincy Adams? What 
did it accomplish ? Explain its lack of success. 

293. What situations have caused Congress to modify the original 
provisions for the "Presidential Succession," and what modifications 
have been made? 

294. During what administration did the Samoan dispute arise? 
How was it settled ? 

295. When did Columbus discover America, and what aim did 
he have in mind when he set sail? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 83 

296. Name and locate two settlements made in the area of the 
United States by the English; one by the Spanish; one by the French; 
one by the dutch. 

297. At the close of the French and Indian War in 1763, how 
much territory did the English gain? 

298. Name the first four presidents of the United States, with 
two important events in the administration of each. 

299. Comment briefly on the following: 1776; 18 12; Benjamin 
Franklin; Gadsden Purchase. 

300. Discuss the terms, "State's Sovereignty" and "Centraliza- 
tion." 

301. Name the last three presidents and vice presidents; the two 
leaders in the battle of Gettysburg; the two ships in the*. most notable 
naval battle of the Civil War. 

302. Contrast the size and population of the thirteen States in 
1783 with the size and population of the United States at present. 

303. Give two objections against so large a republic. How far 
do railroads remedy this disadvantage of size? 

WRITING. 

1. At what time should the pupil begin to write? With what 
should be the first writing be done? 

2. For what purpose should the blackboard be used in conduct- 
ing class exercises in writing? 

3. Make with care and name the several principles of the system 
of writing you teach, specifying the system, 

4. Name the diflEerent kinds of movements and give illustrations 
of each. Analyze B, W, r, f. 

5. Write the small letters that extend two spaces above the base 
line. What is the unit for measuring the height of letters? What is 
the unit of width ? 

6. Fill a half-page with the following sentence, timing yourself: 
"The quick brown fox jumps over the' lazy dog." (a) How many 
words did you write per minute on an average? Does the sestence 
contain all the small alphabet? 

7. Discuss (a) speed in writing; (b) ease of action; (c) form of 
letters; (d). writing materials. 

8. Write an application for a school, such as would be appropriate 
for your own use. (Observe arrangement of heading and closing and 
paragraphing.) 



84 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

9. Do you teach letters or their principles first ? Why ? 

10. What lesson in writing do you assign first grade pupils? 
J I. Define base-line; headline. 

12. Make the principles used in making all the letters. 

13. Copy the following as a specimen of your writing: "One 
drop of ink hath moved a million minds." 

14. What do you understand by "the principles" in writing? 
Make three of them. 

15. What is meant by the "whole arm movement?" Give two 
exercises calculated to develop this movement. 

16. What is meant by shading? By the main slant? 

17. Make correctly the following: w, d, p, G, L, V. 

18. Write a promissory note, observing the rules of penmanship. 

19. What standards are used for measuring the height and width 
of letters? What is the difference between a space in height and a 
space in width? 

20. Write all the letters that extend two spaces above the base 
line. What letters extend one and a quarter spaces above the base 
line? 

21. Write correctly and analyze r, d, h. 

22. Write correctly and analyze L, W, R. 

23. What system of penmanship do you prefer? Name the 
requisites (according to that system) of good writing. 

24. Make the several principles of writing. Name them. 

25. In measuring the small letters what is the unit? In meas- 
uring the "loop" letters?. 

26. Explain the advantages of a blackboard in teaching writing. 

27. State briefly the position in which beginners should sit at the 
desk, and the manner of holding the pen. 

28. Write a plain note of hand for three hundred dollars, at 7 
per cent interest, due in one year. 

29. Write a receipt for any aniount. 

30. What systems of penmanship have you studied? Which do 
you prefer? 

31. What is meant by the analysis of a letter? 

32. Make and name the principles used in penmanship. 

33. Make correctly and analyze t,' p, r and q. 

34. Write a letter to a board of school trustees, making applica 
tion for a position as teacher. 

35. Write all the capitals and small letters that extend below 
the base line. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. I85 

36. What is, or should be, the chief aim in teaching movements? 
Name the different kinds of movements. 

37. Make correctly and anah'ze the follow^ing: c, h, L, Y. 

38. Write a letter to a board of trustees resigning a position to 
which 3^ou have been elected. 

39. Name the positions at desk for writing. 

40. State the different movements and give suitable characters 
for the exercise of each. 

41. Make accurately and name the principles in the system of 
writing you teach. (Name the system.) 

42. Make correctly and analyze r, p, d, g, P, V, E. 

43. Give directions for position at desk and for penholding. 

44. What is meant by the analysis of a letter? Analyzs a, h, p. 

45. Write four lines of some quotation as a specimen of your pen- 
manship. 

46. What is meant by the "main slant?" By the "connective 
slant?" Illustrate. 

47. Give the classification of the small letters. 

48. Make and name the principles used in the small letters. 

49. Analyzs B, Y, r, h. 

50. Name some of the advantages claimed for vertical writing. 

51. Mention, and explain briefly, the movements used in vertical 
writing. 

52. Write a quotation of at least five lines as a specimen of your 
penmanship. 

53. How can a copy-book be used profitably? 

54. Make correctly the capital and small letters of the alphabet, 
and arrange them in groups according to similarity in form. 

55. When, and for what purpose, should forearm exercises be 
given pupils in writing? 

56. State the difficulties, and the best ways of overcoming them, 
of teaching writing in schools that have no desks. 

57. Discuss whether it is a particular system, that, is valuable in 
teaching writing. 

58. Contrast the value of slow, painstaking imitation, and the 
acquisition of a rapid individual handwriting. 

59. How can faulty habits in writing, previously contracted, be 
corrected ? 

60. Name two faults of penmanship common to children, and 
state what means you would use to correct them. 



86 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

6 1. How may all the written exercises in the schoolroom be 
made to advance the children in penmanship ? 

62. Give example of exercises suitable for developing the fore- 
arm movement. 

63. When should pupils begin to write with pencil? When with 
pen and ink? With what kind of an exercise should the writing 
lesson usually begin ? 

64. Make the small letters that extend three spaces above base 
line, and analyze any one of them. 

65. What mental culture should pupils obtain from the study of 
writing? What is vertical writing? 

READING. 

1. Explain the phonic method of teaching primary reading; men- 
tion two other methods. 

2. Explain a good method of securing distinct articulation in 
reading. 

3. To what extent, if any, should the other members of the class 
be encouraged or permitted to criticise the one that reads? Give 
reasons for your answer. 

4. Copy the following quotation, underscoring the emphatic 
words : 

"There is no true moral improvement based upon purely ethical 
training. Theory is not practice ; knowing is not doing. The world 
was not renovated — the world would have never been renovated — 
by the ethical codes of Marcus Aurelius and Epictetus." 

5. Read a selection to be designated by the board of examiners. 

6. Explain the meaning of the following quotation: 

"The Father of Waters 
Seizes the hills in his hands, and drags them down to the ocean." 

7. Explain the meaning of the italicized words in the following 
quotation : 

"Then they flung beautiful wreaths over his stately head and mighty 
shoulders * * * They took possession of his ponderous club, and 
so entwined it about with the brightest, softest, and rnost fragrant 
blossoms that not a finger's breadth of its oaken substance could be 
seen." 

8. . Explain how an emphatic word should be read. 

9. What is good reading? \ 

10. With b^inners, do you use the word method, if not, what 
method do you use ? Give your reasons for using this method. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 87 

11. When a pupil, in reading, comes to a word he cannot call, 
do you have him stop and spell the word ? Give your reasons for your 
answer. 

12. In the absence of a reading chart, what do you substitute? 

13. For what purpose are punctuation marks used in reading? Do 
you always stop at a comma? Do you always stop the same length of 
time at a semicolon? 

14. Describe thei position a pupil should be in while reading 
aloud. 

15. What is meant by (a) modulation, (b) inflection? 

16. What do yoli require of pupils in the Fourth Reader, besides 
the mere reading of the lesson assigned ? 

17. What means do you employ to ascertain whether your pupils 
understand what they have read ? 

18. What is the difference between a gramatical and a rhetorical 
pause in reading? 

19. What is meant by giving "volmne" to the voice in reading 
or speaking? Should the volume be uniform through the whole piece. 

20. Name and explain briefly two methods of teaching reading 
to beginners. 

21. Name two kinds of reading; state chief object or objects of 
each kind; give tests of the pupil's progress in each kind. 

22. How can the study of reading be made introductory to 
the study of literature ? 

23. What faculties should be cultivated in teaching reading? 
How may the reading lessons be made contributory to character 
building? 

24. How should new words that come^; up in the first-reader 
class be treated? How, new words that come up in the fourth-reader 
class ? 

25. Write three or four good teaching questions upon the follow- 
ing quotation : 

"The ill-timed truth we might have kept — 
Who knows how sharp it pierced and stung! 
The word we had not sense to say — 
Who knows how grandly it had rung!" 

26. State the general thought of the quotation given in Ques- 
tion 25. 

27. What is the chief benefit to be derived from supplementary 

reading ? 



8S Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

28. What preparation should a child in Third Reader make for 
his lesson? 

29. Specify three of the more common faults observed by you in 
reading classes, and tell what remedy you would use to correct them. 

30. In good reading it is often impossible to indicate certain 
pauses by punctuation. How would you teach the child to know where 
these pauses should occur? 

31. Show value of physical culture to the good reader. 

32. Give two methods by which emphasis may be given to an ex- 
pression in reading. 

33. A teacher lectures his classes about all the authors read from, 
telling them much of the authors' biographies, and the various inci- 

• dents connected with the authorship of the extracts or poems. Do 
you consider this valuable to the student? 

34. How would you make your class fully understand and appre- 
ciate the author's meaning when they read "The Charge of the Light 
Brigade? 

35. The story of Hiawatha as written is too heavy for small chil- 
dren. The story itself is very interesting to the smallest child. How 
would you teach it to him? 

36. Explain by example how you would teach the etymology of 
a word to a child. 

37. What is the main object to be gained in silent reading? 

38. Explain the object of sight reading. 

39. Of what use are the pictures in our primary reading books? 

40. What constitutes good oral reading? 

41. Suggest a means for cultivating in pupils a taste for good 
reading. 

42. Explain the word method of teaching reading. 

43. How may composition be taught in connection with reading? 

44. What is correct articulation? 

45. Read at sight a selection to be supplied by the board of ex- 
aminers. 

46. What is inflection ? 

47. What is an elementary sound? 

48. Give the names of the different classes of elementary sounds. 

49. At what stage of advancement should pupils begin to acquire 
a knowledge of the elementary sounds ? 

50. Do the punctuation marks uniformly denote pauses in read- 
ing? 



51. Explain the use of pauses in ordinary reading lessons. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 89 

52. What should govern the reader in respett to pauses, emphasis 
and inflection? 

53. Write three words illustrating long vocal sounds in our lan- 
guage, three illustrating short vocal sousds, and three illustrating 
diphthongal sounds, giving diacritical markings in each case. 

54. Explain what you understand by the different styles of read- 
ing and public address, such as the conversational, the descriptive, the 
didactic, the declamatory, and the dramatic. 

55. What is a parenthesis, and how should it be used? 

56. State the relative importance of reading; define sight reading 
and state to what extent it should be used in school. 

57. Distinguish between direct and indirect questions; between 
direct and indirect quotations. Give examples in each case. 

58. Distinguish between grammatical and rhetorical pauses; be- 
tween accent and emphasis. 

59. Give directions to guide the reader with reference to his 
position, his breathing, and the muscles chiefly to be used in the ex- 
pulsion of the emphatic tones. 

60. Do you approve of concert reading? If so, why? It not, 
why not ? 

61. What difference should there be in the reading of prose and 
the reading of verse? What is meant by the meter of a verse? 
Write at least one verse (i. e., line) in each of three different meters, 
naming the meters. 

62. What posture of the pupil while reading do you consider 
most advantageous? Why? What is monotone, and how do you 
try to prevent it? When should a pupil raise his eyes from the book 
while reading? 

63. Choose three different grades and tell the method of prepara- 
tion for the reading lesson you would employ in each. 

64. Of what use, in teaching reading, are recitations from memory? 

65. How, to what extent, and when do you review reading 
classes ? 

66. Name three books adapted to use as supplements to the fourth 
reader, two adapted to the third reader, two to the second reader, and 
one to the first reader. 

67. Give some practical suggestions for methods of teaching the 
"reading lesson" which would insure the understanding of what they 
read on the part of the pupils. 

68. Give some practical devices for causing pupils to remember 
what they read. 



go Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

69. A teacher himself reads to his class with the purpose of 
awaking and cultivating a taste for good literature. Should he for 
this purpose read entire literary productions or selected fragments? 
(An answer without reasons will be worthless). 

70. At what stage ought pupils be taught the structure of the 
simpler verse forms ? 

71. Scan at least one verse (i. e., line) in each of three different 
meters, naming the meters. 

72. Explain by illustration how you would teach the etymology 
of a word in the reading lesson, in order to impress upon the child's 
mind the meaning of the word. 

73. What is the difference between grammatical and rhetorical 
pauses? May they coincide in a sentence? Explain fully the object 
of each. 

74. What is pitch? What is the reason for its observance at all? 

75. What is scansion? Give definition and illustration. 

76. What is the meter of Hiawatha? Of Pope's Essay on Man? 
Of any other poem differing in meter from the two preceding? 

77. Name three difficulties in reading poetry correctly. 

78. Write an original sentence requiring the rising inflection. 
Another requiring the rising circumflex inflection. 

79. If you should find the words warn and adjnonish in a reading 
lesson what dictinction in meaning would you make to the pupil? 

80. Ordinarily what change in voice should be made for paren- 
thetical expressions? Why? 

81. Name two good supplementary books for reading in the 
third grade. 

82. (a) Describe thoroughly the process of teaching beginners 
to read by the so-caled "word method." 

83. Discuss critically the propriety and efficiency of each of these 
methods of teaching our phonetic system of recording language, and 
arrive at a conclusion expressing your own judgment of the compara- 
tive merits of the two methods. 

84. In imagination choose some piece (with which you are quite 
familiar) suitable as a reading lesson for a class at the stage of the 
Fourth Reader, and suppose a class has had this selection assigned for 
preparation: State the name of the piece chosen by you (or state 
briefly its general character and content if not a familiar piece of 
literature), and then describe the questions that should be asked, and 
the comments that should be made by the teacher before th pupils 
bgin the reading of the lesson. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 9I 

85. In a reading lesson, what should be taught besides the read- 
ing? 

86. Name four books which you deem especially suitable for 
supplemental reading, stating the age, or stage of progress of the 
pupils to which each book is best adapted, and tell in each instance 
whether the book is likely better to engage the interest of boys or 
girls. 

87. Compare the amount of knowledge possessed by the average 
pupil when entering the primary grade with the subject matter of 
the ordinary First Reader,and make appropriate critical comments. 

88. We have "Nature Readers," "Literature Readers," "History 
Readers,' etc.; explain the meaning of the classes named, and discuss 
briefly the merits of such series. 

89. Describe a desirable school equipment for supplementary 
reading, and the method by which you would make the best use of 
such equipment. 

90. (a) Write sentences illustrating the uses of all punctuation 
marks that may close sentences. 

(b) Name the proper inflections with which the sentences 
in (a) should be read. 

91. Tell briefly the myth of the golden fleece. 

92. Nam.e and give a brief account of the last book (not a school 
text) read by yourself. 

93. Specify some of the common faults of Second Reader pupils in 
reading. Indicate remedies. 

94.' Explain the value of the rhetorical pause. 

95. How does ability to read understandingly affect the pupil's 
success in other studies ? 

96. Show the value of physical culture to the reader. 

97. Explain two ways in which emphasis m.ay be given to an 
expression in reading. 

98. State such physical rules as j^ou think should be observed 
while reading, with your reasons for each rule. 

99. Name the various inflections, and give examples of each, with 
appropriate remarks. 

100. Rewrite the following quotation, substitudng for the words 
in italics other appropriate words: "As for Julius C^sar, the excel- 
lency of his learning needeth not to be argued from his educadon or 
his company or his speeches; but in a further degree showeth itself in 
his writmgs and luorks; whereof some are extant and permanent and 
some unfortunately perished." 



9^ Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

lOi. Rewrite the following lines, underscoring the emphatic 
words : 

"Not in vain the distance beacons. Forward, forward let us range, 
Let the great world spin forever down the ringing grooves of change. 
Thro' the shadow of the globe we sweep into the younger day, 
Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay." 

102. Discuss lack of success in teaching reading due to mistaken 
methods and purposes of the instruction offered, without reference 
to what might be merely imperfect results of sound methods and 
right aims. 

103. If a pupil be backward in reading compared with other 
branches, what is a good way to deal with him? 

104 What method should be used with a pupil that stutters? 
With one that reads too loud? With one that reads in a monotone? 
With one that does not keep the place at which the class is reading? 

105. In what other classes besides the reading class may reading 
be taught with best effect? 

106. What should be the most prominent considerations with re- 
spect to which a series of "readers" should be graded? 

107. State the chief disadvantages in requiring pupils to criticize 
the oral reading of classmates. 

108. Name one book suitable for collateral reading in each of the 
first three, and two books for each of the next three grades, or 
years, of a common school course of study. 

109. Give five examples of wrods difficult to pronounce clearly, 
indicating in parentheses after each example the usual error in its 
enunciation. 

no. What are the chief objects of oral reading as contrasted 
with silent reading? 

111. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the teacher's 
reading the lesson to the class when the lesson is first assigned. 

112. How should pupils be taught to avoid reading verse in a 
"sing-song" way? 

113. Suppose your school possessed a well chosen library, and 
that pupils applied to you to direct their choice of books to read pri- 
vately; — name a book which would help to regulate or correct the 
wrong tendencies of the following types of mind: (i) visionary (ex- 
cessively imaginative), (2) despondent, (3) emotional, (4) egotistic. 

114. Compare the amount of knowledge possessed by the average 
pupil when entering the primary grade with the subject matter of 
the ordinary "First Reader," and make appropriate critical comments. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. '93 

115. Under what conditions would the best results be secured 
from requiring pupils to read books at home? 

116. Justify the statement that comprehension of the subject- 
matter must precede good oral expression. 

117. Into what divisions would you resolve a complete recitation 
for a class in "reading." 

118. Write at least four verses (lines) of poetry, and scan and 
name the meter or meters. 

119. What atitude of mind (especially in regard to main objects 
of attention and expectancy) ought the teacher try to arouse in the 
pupils while they are reading poetry, as distinguished from that in 
which ordinary prose may be read ? 



TEXAS HISTORY. 

1. Explain the inducements the Mexican government offered the 
early colonists to settle in Texas. 

2. When did Texas become an independent republic? How long 
did she continue a republic? 

3. What governor of Texas had also been governor of another 
state? Of what state had he been governor? 

4. Describe the condition of Texas at the close of the Civil War. 

5. Give an account of the trouble between Texas and the United 
States over the Santa Fe Territor^^ How was the trouble settled? 

6. Give an account of the capture and massacre of Fannin and 
his men. 

7. Give an idea of the extent of the public domain of Texas at 
the time she became a state, and explain hov/ the greater part of it 
has been disposed of. 

8. Name three of the most important laws enacted during Gov- 
ernor Hogg's administration. 

9. Name five men that were prominent in public life in Texas 
before tlie Civil War ; five that have been prominent since the war. 

10. Give an account of Edward's colony. 

11. What was done by the General Consultation that met ^t 
San Felipe, November 3, 1835? 



94 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

12. Give two provisions of the public treat}' between Texas 
and Santa Anna after the battle of San Jacinto. 

13. Give an account of the invasion of Texas by General WoU 
in 1842. 

14. Give a sketch of Senator Coke. 

15. What state institution of learning was opened during Roberts' 
administration? What during Ireland's? 

16. At what step of the pupil's advancement should Texas his- 
tory be commenced ? 

17. What nations took part in settling people in Texas? 

18. What were the main objects in establishing missions in Texas? 

19. Tell about the fight at Colito. 

20. Give the date of the second convention of San Felipe, and 
tell what it did. 

21. Mention the presidents of the Republic of Texas. 

22. Give an account of the Santa Fe expedition ; of the Sibley 
expedition. 

23. Locate and name the principal educational and eleemosynary 
institutions supported by the state. Name five of the leading railroad 
corporations in the state. 

24. Give a brief account of the services of St. Denis and La 
Harpe in trying to establish the French claim to Texas. 

25. Describe one of the following battles of the Filibusters; 
Rasillo, Alazan, Medina. 

26. Give an account of the manner in which Moses Austin's 
grant was obtained, and explain what became of it. 

27. Give an account of the capture of the Mexican garrison at 
Brazoria in 1832. 

28. What was the battle-cry of the Texans at San Jacinto? Ex- 
plain its significance. 

29. What was claimed by Texas as her Southwestern and Western 
boundary? To what controversy with the United States did this 
lead ? How was it settled ? 

Give a sketch of David G. Burnet. 

Give an account of the election and inauguration of Governor 



30. 

31 
Coke, 

32 
33 
34 



Give history of La Salle in Texas. 

Give a sketch of Ellis P. Bean. 

Give a history of the claim of the United States to Texas, 



and explain how this claim was extinguished. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 95 

35. Give an account of the building of missions in Texas, and 
explain the object of the authorities in building missions. 

36. What inducements were offered Austin's colonists to come 
to Texas? 

37. State the causes of the Texas Revolution. 

38. Give an account of the first military engagement of the 
Texas Revolution. 

39. What State holidays are commemorative of events of the 
Revolution period ? State w^hat each of these day commemorate. 

40. What s}^stem of law prevailed in Texas prior to 1840? What 
system was adopted in 1840? 

41. Give a sketch of the life and public services of T. J. Rusk. 

42. What was Bustemente's Decree? What was its ef¥ect? 

43. W^rite a brief account of the "Fall of the Alamo." 

44. Give a short sketch of the life of Gov. S. T. Lanham. 

45. What Vv^as the first nation to recognize the independence of 
Texas ? 

46. What part did Texas take in the Civil War? 

47. When did Texas become one of the states of the Union? 
What induced her people to favor annexation? ' 

48. Discuss in brief the material progress of the state since 1865. 

49. Account for the landing of La Salle in Texas. Give an 
account of his colony. 

50. What was accomplished by the establishment of "Missions?" 

51. Give a brief outline of the life of Stephen F. Austin. 

52. Describe the conduct of Milam at San Antonio. 

53. Mention three important events connected with history that 
occurred on March 2. 

54. Describe the massacre at Goliad. 

55. What was the last office held by Sam Houston, and why 
did he not serve out his term? 

56. What great agitation occurred during Ross' administration? 

57. Upon what issue was Governor Hogg elected? 

58. Give a short biographical sketch of LaSalle. 

59. Mention the various waj^s Texas has been governed in the 
different stages of her history. 

60. W^hat was a mission? (a) Give an account of San Saba 
mission. 

61. Give an account of the capture of San Antonio during the 
early part of the Texas revolution. 

62. Give an account of the capture of Santa Anna, 



96 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

63. Contrast the administration of Houston with that of Lamar 
as presidents. 

64. Give the date of Coke's inauguration; the issues involved in 
the campaign; incidents of the inauguration. 

65. Relate the story of Lafitte. 

66. What was the effect of the wars produced by the filibuster- 
ing expeditions to Texas? What event put an end to these wars? 

67. Grive a brief account of Austin's first colony. 

68. What was an alcalde in the early history of Texas ? 

69. What law, for the encouragement of railroad building, was 
enacted under the administration of Governor Pease? 

70. Give an account of the difficulties preceding the inauguration 
of Governor Coke. 

71. What troubles arose during Ireland's administration? 

72. Give the names of the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, Sec- 
retary of State, Speaker of the House of Represntatives, and Chief 
Justice of the Supreme Court of Texas. 

73. Give a brief sketch of Ellis P. Bean. 

74. State the terms of Fannin's surrender, and describe his sub- 
sequent treatment. 

75. How long was Texas independent, and what form of govern- 
ment did she maintain? 

76. Why did the people favor annexation? 

77. What war followed the annexation of Texas to the United 
States, and with what results? 

78. When was the present district system of public schools 
adopted ? 

79. How has Texas encouraged the building of railroads? 

80. What was the chief issues of the late gubernatorial campaign ? 

81. Mention some of the first missions established in Texas. 

82. How did Spain acquire a clear title to Texas? 

83. Under the colonization laws of 1823 and 1824, what induce- 
ments were offered to foreigners settling in Texas? 

84. Give -an account of Ben Milam's capture of San Antonio. 

85. Give an account of the expulsion of the Cherokee Indians 
from East Texas under Lamar's administration. 

86. What was Sam Houston's .position on annexation? On 
secession ? 

87. How did E. M. Pease become governor of Texas in 1867? 

88. Who was Philip Nolan? Give an account of his expedition. 

89. Where was the neutral ground ? Why was it so called ? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 97 

go. How is Lafitte's name connected with the history of Texas? 

91. What were Missions? For what purpose were they estab- 
lished in Texas? 

92. Give a short account of the batle of San Jacinto, and name 
the leaders on each side. 

93. Which one of the ex-Governors of Texas is most prominent 
in politics at the present time? 

94. Give an account of La Salle in Texas. 

95. Who was the last president of the Republic of Texas, and 
who was the first governor of the state of Texas? 

96. Name two governors of Texas that have been removed from 
office, and give the cause of the removal in each case. 

97. Give an account of the action at Sabine Pass during the late 
war between the states, 

98. State the steps by which annexation was accomplished. 

99. What is the "Separate Coach Law," and when was it en- 
acted ? 

100. Give an account of the prohibition campaign. 

lOi. During whose administration was the old capitol burned? 
When was the new capitol completed, and what was its cost? 

102. Give an account of the taking of the Alamo and the mas- 
sacre of its defenders. 

103. Name the last five governors of Texas. 

104. Give means for enlisting the interest of children in Texas 
History before beginning the formal study of the subject. 

105. Where and when did the first congress of Texas meet? 
What country first acknowledged the independence of Texas? 

106. Name in order the presidents of the Texas republic. When 
did the Texas convention pass the annexation bill? When was an- 
nexation consummated ? 

107. What governor of Texas advocated the "pay as you go" 
policy? Give a short history of the railroad commission law. 

108. Why should Texas children be taught Texas History? 
When should the study of Texas History begin? How much time 
should be given it? 

109. State epochs, periods, or eras into which Texas History may 
logically be divided. Mention events and dates that separate the 
different periods, 

no. Mention some causes that interfered with the settlement of 
Texas by Europeans from 1685 to 1785- 



98 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

111. Name the leaders of expeditions into Texas from the United 
States from 1790 to 1820. 

112. What was accomplished by Stephen F. Austin? 

113. State causes of the Texas Revolution. 

114. State Houston's views in regard to secession; Throckmor- 
ton's. 

115. Give a brief sketch of life in the early missions established in 

116. Give a brief account of the effort of Spain to colonize 
Texas from the Cttnary Islands. 

117. What is meant by the term filibuster? Name two noted 
filibusters. 

1 1 8. Who was an empressario ? Name four. 

119. Write a brief biographical sketch of the following men: 
Houston, Crockett or Lamar. 

. 120. Name the governors of Texas from 1861 to 1874, ^.nd state 
how each obtained his office. 

121. Name five important laws enacted during Hogg's and Cul- 
berson's administrations. 

122. Give an account of St. Denis or Crozat. 

123. What is meant by the filibuster period? Name two fili- 
busters. 

124. What was the Fredonian rebellion? Give its cause; its 
result. 

125. Tell what you know of the Greer county question. 

126. Tell the condition of Texas during the Civil War, Name 
the three war governors of Texas. 

127. Give an outline of Ireland's or Roberts' administration. 

128. Give an account of La Salle's death. 

129. Give the history of the Alamo mission. 

130. What objections did the Texans urge against having Texas 
and Coahuila united in a single state? 

131. Give an account of Austin's imprisonment, giving cause, 
duration and incidents. 

132. Give the terms of the treaty between Texas and Santa 
Anna. 

133. Give an account of the services of the Texas navy during 
the Revolution. 

134. Describe the Mexican invasions of Texas that occurred after 
San Jacinto. 

J 35. Give an account of the Archive War. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. ^9 

136. What was the Crozat grant? When and by whom made? 

137. When was the Declaration of Texas Independence signed? 
When was Texas annexed to the Union? 

138. When were the following schools organized: Sam Houston 
Normal Institute; Agricultural and Mechanical College; Prairie 
View Normal; University of Texas? 

139. Give the physical characteristics of three different sections 
of Texas. 

140. What was the political status of Texas from 1824 to 1836? 
From 1836 to 1845? From 1845 to 1861? From 1861 to 1865? 

141. Name five counties in Texas that bear the names of men 
who distinguished themselves in the Texas revolution. 

142. What radical change in the judicial system of the republic 
was made during Houston's first administration? 

143. Give an account of the "Cart War." 

144. What was the extent originally of the public domain of 
Texas? About how much of it is still unappropriated? To what 
purposes has the part of it that has been appropriated been devoted ? 

145. What rendered the administration of Governor E. J. Davis 
odious to the people? 

146. How are the public schools of this state supported? 

147. Mention an historical event occurring during the adminis- 
tration of each of the following presidents and governors: Lamar, 
Jones, Lubbock, Coke, Ireland. 

148. Under how many forms of government has Texas existed? 

149. Who was the child of the Alamo, and what effort was made 
in behalf of that child by the legislature? 

150. Mention one important event in Coke's administration; in 
Ross's ; in Hogg's ; in Culberson's. 

151. Name different chief industries in four portions of Texas. 

167. Name three important laws enacted during James S. Hogg's 
two administrations as governor of Texas. 

168. What were Sam Houston's views of secession, and how did 
it affect him politically? Throckmorton's? 

169. Where was the capital of Texas first located? Its subse- 
quent locations to the present time? 

170. Explain how Texas passed from Spanish rule; from Mexi- 
can rule; from the position of an independent republic to that of a 
state of our Union. 

171. Explain how the claim of the United States to Texas arose, 
and how it was surrendered. 



I ofC. 



lOO Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

152. Give particulars of the Battle of Conception. 
153- What two principal purposes did the Europeans have in 
view in coming to America? 

154. Give a short account of the organization, purpose, and re- 
sult of Long's Expedition. 

155. Compare Houston's Indian policy with the policy adopted 
by his successor. 

156. Give a short account of the administration of E. J. Davis. 

157. State briefly the history of industrial development in the 
state in the last ten years. 

158. Who was Edwards? La Salle? Lafitte? Austin? 

159. Describe the condition of Texas from 1830 to 1836: (i) 
social, (2) educational, (3) commercial. 

160. Give a brief biographical sketch of one of the following: 
Houston; Santa Anna; Crockett. 

161. When was the present state constitution adopted? Name 
two important amendments which have been adopted by the people. 

162. Name five important laws enacted by the legislature since 
1890. 

163. Give an account of the two conventions held by the Texans 
just prior to the Texas revolution, and state the results of each. 

164. Write a brief description of the massacre at the Alamo. 

165. Name four difficulties that beset the administration of 
Houston as president of the republic. 

166. What important educational steps were taken during Gov- 
ernor Pease's administration? 

172. From what time does Texas history begin? Who were 
the first explorers of Texas? 

173. Name four of the leading events during the revolution. 

1 74. Who was the old Alcalde ? What was his policy advocated 
while governor? 

175. W^ho are the present state officers? 

176. Give a short account of Herrera and Aury's atempt to. settle 
Galveston Island. 

177. Give various reasons why Texas, one hundred and thirty- 
five years after its discovery, had so few inhabitants. 

178. VVho were the Regulators and Moderators? 

179. Why was not Travis reinforced at the siege of the Alamo? 

180. What battle of the war between the United States and 
Mexico was fought on Texas soil? 

181. Tell about the 'Tence Cutters." 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. lOi 

182. Under whose administration was the first step taken toward 
our present system of schools with a permanent school fund, and 
what amount was appropriated to this fund and from what source 
was it obtained? 

183. When and where was La Salle's first colony in Texas estab- 
ilshed ? Give a short account of it. 

184. Describe briefly the First Republic on Galveston Island. 

185. Give a short account of DeWitt's colony. 

186. What was the purpose and fate of Johnson and Grant's 
raid on the Rio Grande? 

187. Who were the commanders and what were the terms of 
surrender at Colito? 

188. How was the public debt dealt with during Pease's admin- 
istration ? 

189. Give a brief sketch of Guy M. Bryan. 

190. State some of the weaknesses of Spanish methods of colo- 
ization that help to explain her final loss of Texas and other provinces. 

191. Outline the colonial possessions of Spain just before 1800, 
A. D. 

192. Briefly summarize French connections with Texas history. 

193. Give a short account of De Leon's colony. 

194. (a) State the grievances alleged by the Texans as the 
causes of revolution. 

(b) In what way, if anj^ do those alleged reasons fail to 
show all the real causes? 

195. What connection had a Texas boundary question with the 
war between the United States and Mexico? 

196. Describe the steps by which Texas severed her connection 
with the Union and joined the Confederacy. 

197. Give a brief account of "the early history of railroads in 
Texas. 

198. (a) Give the names of three books on Texas history suit- 
able for the pupil of elementary schools; and 

(b) of three books suitable for high school pupils and 
teachers. 



102 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 



INTRODUCTORY 



TO 



ARITHMETIC 



Two candles are of equal length. The one is consumed uniformally 
in four hours, and the other in five hours. If the candles are lighted 
at the same time, when will one be three times as long as the other? 

According to the statement of the example there will come a time 
when the lengths of the two candles will be 3 to i. While one meas- 
ure, or 4-4 of the 4 hour candle is consumed, 4-5 of the same measure 
of the 5 hour candle will be consumed. Then while the i measure of 
the 4 hour candle is consumed 4-5 of the 5 hour candle will be con- 
sumed; 3 — *5=2^5 of the 5 hour one remains. Then 2^5 of the 5 
hour candle has consumed an hour. 

2%X5 hr.=ii. 

II — 3^8 parts of 5 hour candle consumed before the two candles 
are 3 to i. 

8-^2^5 part of 5 hour candle consumed in one hour=*°ii, 40-f-ii. 

3 hours, 38 minutes, lO^^^^^ seconds; answer. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 103 



ARITHMETIC. 

1. Find by two processes the greatest common divisor of 320,368 
and 432. 

2. A reservoir 8 feet long, 5 feet wide and 4 feet 3 inches deep 
holds how many gallons of water? 

3. Find .the difference in weight between 58 pounds of gold and 
45 pounds of feathers. 

4. Divide 532 acres of land among A, B and C, so that B shall 
have 32 acres more than A, and C shall have 18 acres more than B. 

5. On what principal will the interest for two years, 6 months, 
and 15 days, at 4 per cent amount to $25.01? 

6. I have added 20 acres to my farm, thereby increasing the 
number of acres in my farm 8 per cent. How many acres now in 
the farm? 

7. What is the difference in local time between two places, one 
being 20 deg. 29 min. east of Dallas, the other 12 deg. 16 min. west 
of Dallas? 

8. Find the square root of 3.715 to three decimal places. 

9. Why does not multiplying both numerator and denominator 
of a fraction by the same number alter the value of the fraction? 

10. Find the prime factors of 24, 36, 72, 96, 124. Select from 
these factors those whose product will give the L. C. M. of the 
original numbers. 

11. What is a decimal fraction? Why does the value of a deci- 
mal remain the same when ciphers are annexed? 

12. Find the cost of 13,485 pounds of coal at $6.75 per ton. 

13. Define ratio; Proportion. State and solve a problem in 
proportion. 

14. What is per cent? Percentage? Seven men do as much 
work as twelve boys; what per cent of a man's woric does a boy do? 
What per cent of a boy's work does a man do ? 

15. A bought two city lots and sold them at $1200 each; on one 
lot he gained 25 per cent and on the other lost 25 per cent; what 
did he lose or gain by the entire transaction? 

16. A broker buys a $375 note, due in six months, for $350. 
What rate per cent per annum will he get for the use of his money 
if the note is paid two months after it is due? 

17. Find the diagonal of a square field containing 80 acres of land. 



104 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

1 8. Find the cube root of 17.76 correct to two decimal places. 

19. Finds the solid contents of a cube the area of one face of 
which is 256 square feet. 

20. Write in Arabic notation: Nine thousand and fifteen ten 
thousandths. Five hundred and five and five hundredths. One 
million and one thousand and one millionth. 

21. Reduce to the same denomination: 3-4, 4-5, 5-8, 7-8. 

22. A boy has coins of several denominations, to-wit: one cent, 
two cent, three cent, five cent, ten cent, and twenty-five, cent pieces. 
He is required to pay a bill of $12.86, using an equal number of 
coins of all kinds, as far as possible. How many coins of each kind 
can be thus used ? What part of the bill will they pay ? How much 
will remain? Name five combinations of coins that might be used 
to pay this remainder. 

23. 5 feet and 10 inches is what per cent, of 7 feet and 8 inches? 

24. A merchant sells a dress pattern for $24.00, losing 81-3 per 
cent, on the cost. What did it cost? 

25. A gives B a note for $2,500.00 due in three years at 6 1-3 
per cent. He pays $350.00 at the end of three months; $750.00 at 
the end of t\velve months; $1,200.00 at the end of two years, six 
months and fifteen days; what does he owe on the note at its ma- 
turity ? 

26. Add 3-4 yd. 5-8 ft., 2-3 in. Subtract this from 2 yards, 2 feet, 
6 inches. 

27. Divide $870.00 among A, B. and C, so that B shall get $10.00 
more than C, and A $56.00 more than B. 

28. A piece of land in the shape of a right-angled triangle con- 
tains 19 1-8 acres; the altitude is 12 chains; what is the base? 

29. Subtract 3 5-6 from 5 5-9, and explain as to a class. 

30. Reduce 48-7 to a mixed number, explaining as to a class. 

31. Divide 3 3-4 by the reciprocal of 2-15. 

32. A can mow a field in 5 days; A and B together can mow it 
in 3 1-2 days; in how many days can B alone mow it? 

33. Reduce to a decimal, explaining as to a class, 22-80. 

34. A dealer bought a carload of produce ; the price first declined 
12 per cent, then advanced 16 per cent, when he sold; what per cent 
did he gain? 

35. Explain the difference between simple interest and com- 
pound interest; between compound interest and annual interest. 

36. Find the true discount of $890.00 due in 6 months at 5 per 
cent. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 105 

37. A sight draft on Philadelphia cost $240.00, exchange being 
3-4 per cent discount; find the face of the draft. 

38. When is a number divisible by 4? When by 8? Give reas- 
ons In each case. 

When is a number divisible by 4? When by 8? Give reas- 
ons in each case. 

39. State clearly the distinction between the Least Common Mul- 
tiple and the Greatest Common Division, or Highest Common Fac- 
tor, of two or more numbers. Illustrate. 

4.0. Show how you would teach your pupils "why you invert the 
divisor" in division of fractions. 

41. Use tv\o different methods of determining the square root of 
396,900. 

42. A carriage wheel revolves three times in going 11 yds., how 
many times will it revolve in going ^ of a mile? 

43. What difference of time corresponds to 75 degrees, 10 min- 
utes and 30 seconds difference of longitude? 

44. A, B, and C rent a pasture for six months for $100; A puts 
in 25 cattle for the whole time, B 30 for 4^/^ months, C 45 for 3 1-3 
months; find the rent each should pay. 

45. What IS the length of the edge of a cube whose entire surface 
is 9 sq. ft., 54 sq. inches? 

46. A house costs $5,000 and rents for $25 per month, with $25 
to pay annually for repairs and $50 for taxes; what is the difference 
in the income from this and from the same money invested in 6 per 
cent non-taxable stock at 96? 

47. Define, (a) number, (b) abstract number, (c) concrete num- 
ber, (d) prime number, (e) composite number, (f) factor, common 
factor, (g) cancellation, (h) multiple, common multiple. 

48. Find the H. C. F. and L. C. M. of (a) 38 and 57, (b) 
1,547 and 2,312. 

49. (a) Simplify S--^-ioXS— SXS^S+'-t, (b) 2-3 of 
A's money is equal to % B's money. They together have $1,700. 
How much has each ? 

50. Divide (a) .375 by .15, (b) -375 by .15, (c) -375 by .15. 
•51. How many spoons, each weighing 12 pwt. and 16 grs., can 

be made from 5tbs. 7 oz. 15 pwt. and 20 grs. of silver? 

52. A man sold two houses for $1,000 each. On one he made 
20 per cent. ; on the other he lost 20 per cent. Did he gain or lose on 
the two transactions, and how much? 



106 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

53. After taking 20 per cent., 10 per cent, and 5 per cent, off, a 
merchant paid $5,000 for a bill of goods. What was the amount of 
the bill before the discounts were taken off? 

54. How many feet of wire will it take to put a five wire fence 
around a square piece of land containing 10 acres? 

55. A commission merchant receives $7,140 with instruction to 
deduct his commission at 2 per cent., and invest the remainder. How 
much did he invest? 

56. What is the face value of a note which will be due in 2 years 
and 6 months, bearing interest at 8 per cent., and will amount to 
$5)763 when due? 

57. What is meant by ^-q of anything? Make a drawing to 
illustrate what is meant. 

58. A letter carrier walks a distance of 20 blocks and back each 
trip ; he advances 20 inches, each step ; a block being 400 feet in length, 
how many steps are required for each trip ? 

59. How many spoons weighing 60 pwt. each can be made from 
9 pounds of silver? 

60. A man spent 30 per cent, of his money for clothes, and 20 per 
cent, of the remainder for board; he then had $112 remaining; how 
much did he pay for board? 

61. By proportion: If 4 men dig a ditch 24 rds. long in 20 days, 
how long a ditch should 5 men dig in 8 days? 

62. For what sum must a 60-days' note be written to yield 
$296.85 at a bank discounting at 6 per cent? 

63. An agent receives $5,616 to invest in silk, reserving his com- 
missions, 4 per cent, of amount invested ; how many yards of silk 
could he buy at $1.50 per yard? 

64. In going I mile 94 rd. 2 yd. i ft., a carriage wheel makes 
526 revolutions; find the circumference of wheel. 

65. Find the difference between 6,001 and 3,879. 

66. Explam by the process of reducing tens to units, etc.; (b) 
explain by the process of adding equal numbers to the terms. 

67. Multiply 896 by 304. Give reasons for each step. 

68. Divide 2,174 by 21 . Give reasons for each step. 

69. Divide y% of ^--^^ by ^--^^ — ^. Give full written solution, 

70. Give two definitions of multiplication. Show which one 
should be preferred. 

71. Multiply I mi. 7 fur. 2 rd. i in. by 7. Explain fully. 

72. Divide $6,471 among three persons, so that as many times as 
the first receives $5, the second will receive $6, and the third $7. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. I07 

73. Define decimal fractions. Solve: 1.04 lb -j- 3.08 oz, 

74. At 6 per cent, find the interest of $750 for 3 years and 29 
days. 

75. A merchant paid for insurance on his vessel and cargo $1,320, 
which was 2^ per cent, of the amount insured. Find the amount 
insured. 

76. Show the importance of teaching pupils to add long columns 
of figures accurately and rapidly. 

77. Divide 4,944 by 48, explaining the reason for each step. 

78. "Processes should precede rules." What is the meaning of 
this maxim, and what are the reasons for it? 

79. What will be the annual income of an investment of $13,000 
invested in 3^-^ per cent, stock at 91 ? 

80. Find the loss on 26 shares of stock bought at lOi and sold at 
87^4) brokerage for both buying and selling being one-fourth of i per 
cent. 

81. Find the presentvvorth of a note due in 8 mo. 20 ds., money 
being worth 6 per cent. 

82. A company insured for i^ per cent, a stock of goods valued 
at $5,500. The stock was burned; find the company's loss. 

83. Divide 1--3 by 6^. Explain fully. 

84. Multiply 66% by 84--3, without reducing to improper frac- 
tions. 

85. Change % of a square mile to integers of lower denomina- 
tions. 

86. Develop the rule for multiplication of decimals. 

87. 2-1 1 is what per cent, of 8-15. Give analysis. 

88. What is the difference of time between two places whose 
difference of longitude is 46 degrees 18 minutes 46 seconds? 

89. Give two ways of changing 3-125 to a decimal. 

90. Find the value of the following bill of lumber at $21 a 
thousand : 

4 pes. 6X8 sills 16 ft. long. 
26 pes. 2X8 joists 18 ft. long. 
30 pes. 2X4 studs 22 ft. long. 
18 pes. 2X6 rafters 20 ft. long. 

91. Change 2 rd. 4 yd. 2 ft. to the decimal of a mile. 

92. What number multiplied by 3-5 will give 2 for a product? 

93. (8+7X6)^9— 32--6+2=? 

94. A difference of 24 degrees 18 minutes in longitude makes 
how much difference in time ? 



lOb Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

95. Find the proceeds of a note for $400, due February 25, 1898, 
and discounted at bank, at 6 per cent, per annum, December 22, 

1897. 

96. Multiply 5 rd. i yd. 2 ft. by 7 1-3. 

97. Required the ratio of («) 5 gal. 2 qt. to one barrel (31^ 
gal.) ; {b) 5-7 to .03. 

98. A flagstaff was broken in two pieces. One piece was 15 
feet longer than the other. If 5-8 of one piece equals the other, how 
long was the staff? 

99. A house and lot sells for $3,800, and at a loss of 5 per cent. 
What would have been the gain or loss had it cost 10 per cent .less 
than it did? 

100. If the duty on woolen goods is 20 cents per yard and 40 per 
cent, ad valorem, what must an importer pay on 5,000 yards of 
woolen goods invoiced at 75 cents per yard? 

loi. (Solve by proportion) : 

If 16 men can excavate a cellar 40 ft. long, 36 ft. wide, and 8 ft. 
deep in 12 days of 8 hours each, in how many days of 10 hours each 

can 8 men excavate a cellar 30 ft. long, 27 ft. wide, and 6 ft. deep? 

2 . 7 

"3 • "9 

102. Simplify: \-^-^ of ^-9. 

'-5of'-7 

103. A commission merchant sold 9 barrels of potatoes for 
$37-50) which was 5-6 as much as he received for all he had left at 
$3.00 a barrel. How many barrels in all did he sell? 

104. A minor at the age of 16 years, 7 months, and 29 days has 
left him at 8 per cent, simple interest $3,950.50; what amount will 
be due him when he becomes of age? 

105. A man drew 25 per cent, of all his money from the bank, 
and with 3 per cent, of the amount bought a suit for $45 ; how much 
money had he left in the bank? 

106. Express as per cent. 1-3, 1-8, 1-12, 3-7, 1-40, 1-250. 
Express as common fraction 40 per cent., 7-8 per cent., 250 per 

cent. 

107. What length of rope will reach from the top of a flag pole 
140 feet high to the top of another pole 80 feet high and planted 48 
feet from the base of the flag pole? 

108. What sum must I invest in railroad bonds at 120 paying 2 
per cent, quarterly to yield a semi-annual income of $1,200? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 109 

log. A man left 5-13 of his estate to his wife, ^ of the remainder 
to his son, and the balance, $6,000, to his daughter. What was the 
value of the estate? 

1 10. Find the cost of 3 bushels, 5 quarts, i pint of cherries, at 80 
cents a peck. 

111. Express in Roman the product of (3 3^)" and 2^. 

112. Show that 227 is a prime number. 

113. Explain how to teach that %-|-^^i^. 

114. By proportion find the number of bushels of grain pro- 
duced on a field of 20 acres, yielding 80 bushels to every 3 acres. 

115. A farmer exchanged 50 bushels of oats for corn, giving 7 
bushels of oats for 4 bushels of corn; how many bushels of corn did 
he get? 

116. What per cent, is gained by buying wheat at 623^ cents per 
bushel and selling at 67 J^ cents? 

117. At 4 per cent, interest, in what time will $500 amount to 

$515? 

118. Find the face of a draft on New York costing $501.25, ex- 
change being ^4 P^^ cent, premium ^. 

119. Find the interest on $625 at 8 per cent, for 3 years and 10 
days. 

120. Reduce to lowest terms: .66 2-3; .125; .37/^- 

121. Write 6,507 in three different ways. 

122. Write 25-100 in three different ways, 

123. Find the value of 2>^+i.o8 — 3-25 + /4 of 25. 

124. Explain how to teach 72 in.= 6 ft.= 2 yd. 

125. Find G. C. D. and L. C. M. of 36, 54, 126. 

126. How many bushels will a box 4 ft. wide, 6 ft. deep, and 8 
ft. long hold ,counting 2,150.4 cubic inches to a bushel. 

127. A man sold a horse for $112.50 thereby losing 10 per cent. 
What did the horse cost? How much was the loss? 

128. A man sent his agent $3320.10 to be invested in goods, de- 
ducting 2 per cent commission. What was the value of the goods 
purchased ? 

129. Find the bank discount and the proceeds of a 90 day note 
for $650.00 at 12 per cent. 

130. A, B and C pasture an equal number of cattle upon a field 
of which A and B are owners. A owns 9 acres, B owns 15 acres. 
If C pays $24 for his pasturage, how should this money be divided 
between A and B ? 

131. Reduce to lowest terms %Vo^o- 



no Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

132. What part of 40 weeks is 80 days. Give complete analysis. 

133. Give the prime factors of each composite number between 
90 and 100. 

134. Write in words 3 141. 010009. 

135. A sold a house and lot for $8000, thereby losing 25 per 
cent. At what price should he have sold the house to gain 25 per cent? 
136. In a proportion the inverse ratio of the first term to second 
term is 3'^5; the fourth term is 160; find the third term. 

137. Find the cube root of 3.1235 correct to three decimal 
places. 

138. How many square yards of plastering in the celling and 
walls of a room 36 feet long, 24 feet wide, and 18 feet high; deduct- 
ing fifty square yards for fire-place, windows, etc. ? 

139. Write 2000 with 6 for the radix. 

months time. Money being worth 8 per cent per annum, which 



140. Reduce to the lowest terms: (a) ^2'o*'3^7J (b) 



357 

4 8 G 



141. Find the least number exactly divisible by each of the fol- 
lowing numbers: 9, 13, 20. 

142. A is offered flour at $8 per barrels cash, or $8.50 on six 
months time. Money being worth 8 per cent per annum, which 
should A accept? 

143. What number added to 2^5 times itself will equal 15 30? 

144. Find the square root of the sixth power of 6. 

145. Three quarts dry measure is what per cent of 2^^ bushels? 

146. Find the cost of laying a pavement i6^g rods long and 7^4 
yards wide at $1.50 per square yard. 

147. In hew many daj^s of lo hours each will 7 men build 300 
rods of wall, if 12 men in 11 days of 8 hours each build 90 rods? 
(Solve by analysis). 

148. Make and solve a problem illustrating the application of per- 
centage to the finding of an agent's commission. 

149. In the written number, 90,374 the value expressed by the 
9 is how many times the value expressed by the 4? 

150. Give complete analysis of the following: A merchant sells 
cloth at 7^ cents per yard more than it cost him and makes a profit 
of 25 per cent; what should be the selling price in order to make 
33% per cent? 

151. Divide 3-^ by ^j] give analysis of the process and deduce the 
rule for dividing one fraction by another. 

152. Two bushels, three pecks, five quarts are what part of five 
bushels? Give complete analysis. 

153. If three men working 8 hours per day do as much work as 6 
boys working 7 hours per "day, iq how many days will 1 8 men working 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. in 

12 hours per day do as much work as 24 boys will do In 30 days, work- 
ing 8^3 hours per day? 

154. A borrowed a sum of money at 6 per cent payable annually, 
and loaned it at 12 per cent payable semi-annually, and gained $1902 
a year ; what is the sum ? 

155- What is the length of a minute hand whose extreme point 
moves one inch per minute? 

156. How many bushels of oats worth 40 cents per bushel should 
be mixed with 60 bushels worth 30 cents per bushel so as to make a 
mixture worth 36 cents per bushel? 

157. A's income is 15 per cent of his capital; he is taxed 2^3 per 
cent of his income, and pays $21; what is his capital? 

158. Define (a) denominate number; (b) compound number. 
Give examples of each. 

159. Reduce ''9 of a mile to integers of lower denominations. 

160. Define division, primal number, fraction, denominator, re- 
duction, compound quantity, decimal, interest, commission, square 
root of a number. 

161. Find the greatest common denominator and lowest common 
multiple of 24, 36, 60. 

162. Reduce ylb 5 oz. 13 gr. troy weight to grains; 3025 gr to 
higher denominations. 

163. A man owns *g of a factory; he sells ^3 of his share for 
$3264, What part of the factory does he still own, and what is his 
interest worth at the same rate? 

164. Find the interest on $675 for 3 years 7 mos. 11 da., at 8 
per cent. 

165. Find the square root of 1049.76. 

t66. Find the bank discount and proceeds of a note for $720, 
due in 60 days at 10 per cent. 

167. The principal, interest, and rate being given, how may the 
time be found ? 

168. If 15 men can do a piece of work in 12 days, working 8 
hours a day, how many men working 9 hours a day will be required 
to do the work in five days? 

169. At what rate will $634 amount to $760.80 in 2 years, 6 mos? 

170. Find how many times $87 can be subtracted from $1827. 
Prove it. 

171. The numerator of a fraction is the greatest common de- 
nominator of 42 and 70, the denominator is the lowest common mul- 
tiple of 12 and 18. Reduce the fraction to its lowest terms. 

172. Find the cost of 7 yards of cloth, % yard costing 66-3 cents. 



112 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

173. A spends $14% for cloth, at $% per yard. How many 
yards should he receive? 

174. A man bought a barrel of vinegar, one-eighth of which was 
lost by leakage. He sold the remainder at 4 cents a pint. How much 
did he receive for it? 

175. Find the cost, of 13725 shingles at $6.50 per thousand. 

176. Find the amount of $375.75 for 3 yrs. 7 mo. at 9 per cent. 

177. Find the cost of 37 bonds ($1000 each) quoted at 117^, 
brokerage ]/% ojf i P^r cent. 

178. Solve by proportion: The interest on $550 for 3 yrs. is 
$16.50, find the interest on $3300 for 6 years at same rate. 

179. Find the cube root of 3, correct to two decimal places. 

180. A number is the product of two factors, one of which is 
twice as large as the other; the larger factor is 108; find the num- 
ber. 

181. A trader bought a plantation at $14 per acre, and sold it 
for $15,824, gaining $2 per acre: find the cost. 

182. Find the product of the smalest prime number greater than 
153 and the greatest composite odd number less than 230. 

183. From the sum of 29^7 and 42*^8) take the difference of 20^6 
and lo^iy. 

184. The product of two factors is^-^g,- one of the factors is ^3; 
find the other. 

185. A man after investing "3 of his money and spending ^5 of 
the remainder, had $960 left; how much had he at first? 

186. A man paid a tax of $125.25 at the rate of i^ per cent; 
find the assessed valuation of his property. 

187. A farmer plants 50 per cent of a field 80 rd. by 50 rd. in 
corn, and makes 26 bu. to the acre; find the entire yield. 

188. Find the net proceeds of a note for $375, dated June 6, 
1893, and payable September 3, 1893, discounted at bank on the day 
of date at 9 per cent. 

189. What price may be paid for 6 per cent bonds, the investment 
to yield 5 per cent, brokerage }^ oi i per cent? 

190. Why does dividing both terms of a fraction by the same 
number not alter the value of the fraction? 

191. Find the value of %X2%X-3-f-\ of %. 

192. Divide .0009 by .003. 

193. How long will 12 bu. i pk. 4 qt. of oats last a horse if he 
eats I pk. 4 qt. per day? 

194. A owns ^7 of a section of land, B ^ of a section, and C 
^10 as much as both A and B. What part of a section does C own? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 113 

195. Two men hire a pasture for $75. One pasture 25 sheep for 
9 weeks, the other 37 sheep for 11 weeks. What part of the money 
should each pay? 

196. What may I offer for a house which pays $895 rent per 
year, that I may receive 8 per cent on the investment? 

197. Find the interest of $600 for 3 years 5 months and 12 days 
at 8^ per cent. 

198. What is the present worth of a debt of $1200 due in 31^^ 
years when money is worth 6 per cent? 

199. The united area of the faces of a cube is 3750 square feet. 
What is the length of a side of th cude? 

200. Reduce to lowest terms %\.-9'o. 

201. Give the prime factors of each composite number between 
50 and 60. 

202. Give the six principles of fractions with reference to multi- 
plying and dividing the numerator and denomination Illustrate 
each. 

203. What part of an acre is 1936 square yards? 

204. During the past month, as shown by the water meter, I 
used 524 cubic feet of water. The company charges 50 cents per 
1000 gallons. What is my bill? 

205. Write in words 34165.001002. 

206. If Orange, Texas, is 93 deg. 45 min. west from Greenwich 
and El Paso is 106 deg. 80 min, what is the difference in time? 

207. A paid $60.75 for insuring a house, the rate being i]4, per 
cent; find the amount of the policy. 

208. Make clear the distinction between bank and true discount 
by giving appropriate examples. 

209. Give the origin, history and advantages of the metric s_vstem. 

210. Write in both the Roman and Arabic notation, eighteen 
hundred and ninety-three; seventeen hundred and seventy-six; six- 
teen hundred and twenty. Combine these into one equivalent num- 
ber and express it in both notations. 

211. Substract 131^8 from 420^3 without reducing to improper 
fractions. 

212. Reduce 6 qt. to the decimal of a bushel. 

213. .liX-^'sXC — )X-25=.i6; find missing factor. 

214. Define fraction, decimal fraction, interest, rate per cent, 
involution, evolution. 

215. Find the interest on $750 for 2 years and 4 months at 6 
per cent. 



114 ' Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

2 1 6. A commission merchant bought 300 bushels of oats at 33^3 
cents per bushel ; find his commission at 8 per cent, 

217. Find the diagonal of a rectangular field 300 rods wide and 
400 rods long. 

218. A can do a piece of work in 16 days, B can do the same 
work in 24 days. In what time can both working together do the 
work? 

219. What is the L. C. M. of 7 and 223? Show that the latter 
number is a prime number. 

220. Reduce ^b^7*9*'i to its lowest terms. 

221. A farmer exchanged 125 bushels of rye for oats, giving 8 
bushels of rye for 13 bushels of oats; how many bushels of oats 
did he get? 

222. Reduce the following to common fractions: .06^, 3^, 
3.575, Va of .OI2>^. 

223. Find the square root of .005329. 

224. Find the face of a draft on St. Louis costing $781.95, ex- 
change being 34 pcr cent premium. 

225. What is the present worth of a debt of $640 due in i year 
5 months 15 days, money being worth 8 per cent? 

226. What principle at 83/2 per cent simple interest will produce 
$150.10 interest in 3 months and 2 days? 

227. 120 per cent of 5 times 66"3 per cent of 21 is what per 
cent of 96? 

228. Define the H. C. F. and the L. C. M. of 2268 and 1136. 

229. Simplfy (a) ^-^%— %^\v (b) Multiply 19% by i6>4 
without reducing to improper fractions. 

230. (a) Distinguish fully between common and decimal frac- 
tions, (b) Solve (i) 375-^-.25; (2) -375-^25; (3) 375-^-25- 

231. A druggist bought 3 lb. and 8 oz. quinine, which he put 
up in 6 grain doses and sold at 3 cts. per dose; how much did he 
receive for it ? Deduce ^7 of a day to whole numbers of lower de- 
nominations. 

232. (a) 25 is what per cent of 45? (b) find J/^, per cent of 
2400 qts. 

233. A merchant marked suits of clothes that cost him $18 so 
that he could deduct 20 per cent from the marked price and still 
make 25 per cent; find marked price and selling price. 

234. Which is better, $1000 with 40 per cent off, or $1000 with 
discount 25 per cent, 10 per cent and 7^ per cent? How much? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 1 15 

235. The net taxes paid in treasury is $78,450, the collector's 
commission is 2 per cent; he failed to colect 8 per cent of the taxes 
assessed. Find amount of taxes assessed. 

236. Solve by analysis: A and B. together have $1000; % of A's 
money is equal to -5 of B's money. How much has each? 

237. Explain the reduction of 4-3 to thirds. Give full analysis. 

238. If a 5-cent loaf of bread weighs 1.5 lbs. when wheat is 
75 cts, per bushel, what should it weigh when wheat is one dollar 
per bushel? 

239. How much water must be added to a 5 per cent solution 
of a certain medicine to reduce it to a i per cent, solution? 

240. What is the length of the diagonal of a cube whose edge is 
10 inches. 

241. Of two bottles of similar shape one is twice as high as the 
other; the smaller holds half a pint; what does the larger hold? 

242. A man sold two horses for $125 each; on the purchase 
price of the one he gained 20 per cent, and on that of the other he 
lost 20 per cent.; what was his total gain or loss? 

243. At what rate is a note for $125.50 discountd for four 
months if the discount is $2.09? 

244. A lawyer having a debt of $3250 to collect, compromises 
for 97/^ cents on the dollar; his commissions are 2;^ per cent.; 
how much does he remit his client? 

245. A certain stock is quoted at 260; a broker is instructed 
to buy a certain number of shares at this price; his bill including 
brokerage at ^ per cent, is $2081 ; how many shares did he buy? 

246. Multiply ^1^3 by ^2^5 ^^^ write in words the value ex- 
pressed by each figure of the numerator. 

247. What prime factors are found in both the greatest common 
divisor and the least common multiple of a set of numbers? 

248. Find the value of the following by cancellation : 

249. Give the several steps involved in changing avoirdupois 
weight to troy weight. Also liquid measure to dry measure. 

250. Stock bought at 76^^ and sold at 85^:4, brokerage }i both for 
bujang and selling, produces what per cent, of profit on the invest- 
ment? 

■251. How much should be paid for a mortgage for $500 bearing 
interest at 6 per cent per annum and having three years and eight 
months to run, in order to obtain 5 per cent per annum, interest on 
the investment? 



Il6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

252. The intensity of heat diminishes in proportion to the square 
of the distance from the radiating body. What is the ration of in- 
tensity on a surface 25 feet from the radiating body to that of an- 
other situoted 35 feet from the radiating body? 

253. The interest on $360 for I year, 7 months and 6 days is 
$23.04. Find the rate per annum. 

254. Find the numbre of square yards in a concrete walk 10 feet 
wide, surrounding a rectangular block the total outside measure- 
ment of the walk being 1800 feet. 

255. If a loaf of bread weighing 8 ounces, costs 5 cents when 
wheat is worth $1 per bushel, how many of the same sized loaves 
should be sold for 44 cents when wheat is worth 45 cents per 
bushel ? 

260. A goat is fastened to the top of a post 9 feet high by a rope 
15 feet long. Find the radius, diameter, circumference, and area 
of the circle over which he can feed. 

261. Analyze: A earned "3 as much as B, and B ^4 as much as C, 
and together they earned $216.00; find the amount earned by each. 

262. The divisor is six times the quotient; three-fourths of the 
quotient is ^ ; find the dividend. 

263. Sold two horses at $80 each. On one I lost 20 per cent, and 
on the other I gained 20 per cent. Find the gain or loss. 

264. Define repetend, discount, proportion, percentage, reciprocal, 
evolution, annuity. 

265. The sum of two numbers is 145, and their difference is 25. 
What are the numbers? Give written solution in full. 

266. What must I ask for cloth worth $36 that after falling 20 
pe'- cent. I may gain 25 per cent, on the value? 

267. A school district advertised for bids to build a school house, 
the lowest bid being $21,049. If it costs 3 per cent, to collect the 
money, how large a levy should be made supposing 29 per cent, of 
it to be non-collectable? 

268. Fred, Walter, and Earl can walk around the capitol in 16, 
24, and 32 minutes, respectively. If they start from the north en- 
trance at 10 o'clock, what is the earliest time at which they will all 
be together again and how many times will each have gone around? 

269. What must I pay for 4 per cent, stock to get 5 per cent on 
the investment? Explain. 

270. How can you tell by inspection whether a number ex- 
pressed in the common decimal notation is a multiple of 3 ? A mul- 
tiple of 6? A multiple of 9? Illustrate with large numbers. 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. ll^ 

271. (a) Epresss decimally the result of 33^3-^-1.8. 
(b) The result of 5%H-%. 

272. How many tons (2000 lbs.) of wheat will fill a tank 20 ft. 
6 in. long, 1 1 f t. 8 in, wide, 2 ft. 3 in. deep, reckoning the weight 
of a cubic foot of water as 1000 ounces? 

273. On a map constructed on a scale of one-half inch to one 
thousand yards the distance between two points is four and three- 
fifths inches; what is the distance between the localities repre- 
sented ? 

274. The rate on an insurance policy is ^ per cent. ; the pre- 
mium is $27.3 7"^^^ j what is the amount of the policy? 

275. On a note discounted at a bank 2 months 12 days before it 
was due at 6 per cent, per annum, the discount was $234. Find the 
proceeds. 

276. Find the square root of 0.4. 

277. (a) How many kilolitres of air are in a room 6.3m long, 
5.7m wide, 4m high? 

(b) What is the weight in kilograms of the air contained 
in the room, if the weight of any volume of this air equals 0.00128 
of the weight of the same volume of water? 

278. What is the rule for "pointing" the product in multiplica- 
tion of decimals? What is the explanation of it? 

- 279. Two-elevenths is what per cent, of eight-fifteenths ? Give 
an analysis. 

280. What is the difference of time between two places whose 
difference of longitude is 46 degrees, 18 minutes and 46 seconds? 

281. What number multiplied by two and two-thirds of three 
and three-fourths will produce 10? 

282. Explain the difference between simple interest and bank 
interest. 

283. Write eighteen hundred ninety-nine with Roman char- 
acters. 

(2) Define payee; commission; premium; mixed number; 
decimal; involution; fraction; brokerage; analysis. 

284. A number is composed of three integral units and six frac- 
tional units. Each of the fractional units is one-fifteenth as great 
as the integral unit. Express the number as an improper fraction. 

285. What part of two-thirds is three-eighths? 

286. Shelled corn weighs seven-ninths as much as corn in the 
shuck. Find the weight of shucks from 25 bushels of corn. Shelled 
corn weights 56 pounds to the bushel. 



Il8 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

287. Walking at the rate of seven and three-eights miles in three 
and one-eighth hours, in what time can a man walk twenty miles? 

288. For insuring three-fourths of a building's value the cost 
was $937.50. The building was worth $125,000. Find the rate. 

289. Find the area of a circle whose diameter is 18 feet. 

290. Find the present worth of a debt of $640, due in one year, 
five months and fifteen days, money being worth 8 per cent. 

291. Of his week's wages a man paid ^3 for board ^4 for cloth- 
ing, and ^5 for other expenses, and has $2.60 left. What wages 
did he receive per week? 

292. Perform the operations indicated: 

{^) {\+\+\)M\-\); (b) {\-^\)M\-r-\)- 

293. Express nine hours and thirty-six minutes as a decimal 
fraction of a year. 

294. How many axes weighing 3ilbs., 3 oz. each, will weigh a 
ton. 

295. Boston being in 71 deg., 30 min. W. longitude and San 
Francisco in 122 deg., 15 min., W. longitude, when the local time 
is 2 p. m. at Boston what is the local time at San Francisco? 

296. A vessel full of water weighs 5.25 kg; the weight of the 
empty vessel is 250g; how many liters does the vessel hold? 

297. A man bought stock at 20 per cent, discount and sold it 
at 25 per cent, premium. What was his gain if he invested $8000? 

298. Express as repeating or circulating decimals the following: 

6 4 9 ^2 

299. A man bought one hundred suits of clothes at $54.00 per 
dozen. One-tenth of them were destroyed by fire. How must he 
sell the remaining suits each, in order to realize a profit of fifteen 
per cent, on the whole investment? 

300. On April 20, 1901, I paid $575.00 in full settlement of 
a note given January i, 1900, bearing eight per cent, simple in- 
terest from date. What was the face of the note? 

301. If ten men, working five days a week, dug a ditch one 
hundred yards long in five weeks, how many men, working six days 
a week, would be required to dig a similar ditch seventy-five yards 
long in eight weeks? 

302. I. Find the value of : (^3-)-"5)-^3%. 

303. 2. There is a circular park lOO rods in diameter, and 
within it is a circular lake 10 rods in diameter; what is the area of 
the park exclusive of the lake? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. II9 

304. 3. Give full written solution of the following, as you 
would teach beginners to do: 

(a) If 8 is 20 per cent, of a number, what is 12 per cent.? 

(b) 32 is 5 per cent, of what number? 

(c) 3% is what per cent, of 50? 

(d) Find 12 per cent, of 325. 

(e) 1 6^3 per cent, is what part of a number? 

305. 4. Miss Willard sold her house and lot for $5000, re- 
ceiving as much for the house as for the lot; on the lot she gained 4 
per cent., and on the house she lost 4 per cent. ; what was the gain 
or loss? 

306. How much will 150 horses cost, if 10 horses are worth 24 
cows, 3 cows are worth 18 sheep, 16 sheep are worth 15 pigs, and 20 
pigs are worth $iDO? 

307. A, B and C entered into partnership and gained $740; A 
had $1200 in trade 9 mo., B $1400 in trade 8 mo., and C $1500 in 
trade 10 mo.; what was the gain of each? 

308. A gentleman has a box whose edges are in the proportion 
of 2, 3 and 4, and its contents are 3000 cubic inches; what are the 
dimensions of the box? 

309. A note whose principal is $1000, dated Sept. i, 1892, and 
bearing interest at 8 per cent., has the following endorsements: 
March 12, 1893, $25; Tune 18, 1894, 0275; March 15, 1895, 
$360. What was due Sept. i, 1895? 

310. A note dated May 12, 1889, for $1060, due Sept. 21, 1891, 
and bearing interest at 5 per cent., was discounted Oct. 15, 1890, 
at 6 per cent. What was it worth? (True discount.) 

311. Sold the N. 1-2 of the S. E. 1-4, and the S. 1-2 of the N. 
E. 1-4 of a section of land, at $12 1-2 and acre. My commission was 
3 1-2 per cent. What was the amount of the commission? Find 
the net proceeds. 

312. Define a fractional unit, also a fractional number. Ex- 
press % as a decimal and divide it by .012. 

313. Upon what mathematical principles do the following de- 
pend: "Reducing fractions to equivalent fractions having a com- 
mon denominator." "Dividing one fraction by another." 

314. Find the greatest common divisor and least common multi- 
„i „£ 7 35 49 

41c Ui 24> 3 6> 6 0- 

315. Analyze the following: What must be the rate of wages 
that 12 men may earn in 10 days the same amount that 9 men 
earn in 14 days at $1.50 a day? 



120 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

316. A pile of wood 127 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 3 feet, 8 
inches high is sold for $7 a cord. How much money is received 
for it? 

317. When it is 12 o'clock in Berlin, longitude 13 deg., 24 
min. E, what time is it in St. Louis, longitude 90 deg., 15 min. W? 

318. Find the surface of a cube whose edge is 3 feet, 5 inches. 

319. Which way must the strips of carpet ^ yard wide run in 
order to carpet most economically a room 20 feet, 6 inches long, and 
19 feet, 6 inches wide, there being no waste for matching the pat- 
tern ? 

320. How long will it take $4,000 to gain $625 interest at 5^ 
per cent. ? 

321. Define Present Worth and Discount. Find the Present 
Worth and Discount of $2,416.50, due in 7 months at 5 per cent. 

322. State the leading objects of teaching arithmetic, and show 
briefly how these objects can be attained. 

323. Justifj' the following propositions: i. "The first teaching 
in arithmetic should be concrete." 2. "The first lesson in arithetic 
should be oral." 3. "Processes should precede rules." 

324. Find by factoring — 

(a) The g. c. d. of 156, 390, 546. 
(b). 1. c, m. of the same numbers. 

(c) The square root of 1764. 

(d) The cube root of 3375. 

325. Give complete analysis and full solution of the following 
problem: At i^^ bushels of seed to the acre, how many bushels of 
oats will be required to sow 43^5 acres? 

326. If ^9 of a farmer's cotton crop brings $1587.25, how much 
should the remainder of the crop bring at the same rate? Full solu- 
tion and analysis. 

327. Reduce ^4 ^0 to a decimal. Explain by two methods. 

328. Solve by proportion : The Scholastic census of a State taken 
in 1894 was 698,752; counting 7 persons to 2 pupils, how many peo- 
ple are in the State? 

329. Give analysis: A trader made a sale of 20 per cent, profit, 
making $40,00; find the price he received for the property, 

330. Find the principal which will produce $63 interest in 2 
years and 4 months at 8 per cent. Give analysis. 

331. Find the price of 5 per cent, bonds that yield as good an 
income at 6 per cent, bonds bought at 102. Give analysis. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 121 

332. (a) Give reason for teaching common fractions and 
decimal fractions together. 

(b) Give a reason for not teaching them together. 

333. State an operation equivalent to and shorter than (a) 
dividing by 12%, (b) multiphang b}/ 16"., (c) dividing by 25, (d) 
dividing by 14--, giving an example of each. 

334. Express 1.4666". (better written 1.46) as an improper 
fraction — showing in full the process of reduction. 

335. If a cylindrical quart cup is 4 inches in diameter, how deep 
is it? 

336. A bin 12 ft. long, 8 ft. wide, 6 ft. deep, inside measure- 
ments, is built of 2 inch lumber for bottom and sides, and of i 
inch boards for lid. At 3 cents a board-foot, what was the cost of 
the material exclusive of nails and pieces to brace the lid, etc.? 

337. The number of deaths in a certain city in 1879 was 1,950, 
wuich was 3^ per cent, of the population; what was the popula- 
tion ? 

338. If a merchant buys locks, listed at $8.40 a dozen, at trade 
discount of 20, 15 and 5 per cent, off list price, what selling price 
would he mark on each lock in order to gain a profit of 50 per 
cent. ? 

339. Three stockholders in a company hold, respectively, ^2' ^3 
and ^g of the entire stock; their joint share of one year's profit was 
$8400, what was the share of each? 

340. (a) What effect upon the value of a proper fraction is 
produced by adding the same number to both of its terms? 

(b) By subtracting the same number from both terms of 
an improper fraction? 

341. If 15 men have reaped ^5 of a field of wheat in i^., days, 
how many men will be required to reap the remaiiider of the field 
in half a day? (a) Write out analysis; and (b) write the calcu- 
lation in neat and condensed form, without the explanations of (a). 

342. How many yards of matting }i yd. wide will be needed to 
cover a floor 19 ft. long and I3>^ ft. wide, (a) if the strips run 
lengthwise, (b) if the strips run the other way? 

343. A merchant desires to discount a note at bank so as to 
receive $450, for what amount must he draw a 90 days' note (with- 
out interest until after maturity) if the bank's rate of discount is 
8 per cent, per annum? 

344. [(^3+%)-7-%)]-(V:-(^+^)- 
(b) What per cent, is 13-150? 



122 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

345. What is the length of a plank i^ in. thick, i ft. 6 in. 
wide, containing 36 board feet? 

346. A man owns a farm, mortgaged for two-thirds of its cost; 
if he were to sell it at $6,000, which would be at an advance of 25 
per cent, above its cost, what would remain after paying the mort- 
gage? 

347. A 3-inch cube painted on all faces is cut into i-inch cubes; 
find the number of cubes (a) painted on 3 faces, (b) painted on 
2 faces, (c) painted on i face, (d) not painted. 

348. A platinum dish filled with a sample of pepper weighed 
17-155 grams; the dish when empty weighed 10.895 g- j the pepper 
was burned and the dish and the ash found to weigh 11.208 g; what 
per cent, of the pepper is ash? 

349. If it cost $510 to fence a rectangular field 98 rods by 72 
rods, what will it cost at the same rate to fence a square field of 
the same area? 

350. A note for $600, dated Oct. 24, 1902, and due in 8 months, 
with interest at 6 per cent, per annum is discounted at bank Dec. 
20, 1902, at 8 per cent.; find the proceeds. 

351. If a miller takes one-sixteenth for toll, and a bushel of wheat 
produces 40 lbs. of flour, how many bushels of wheat must one take 
to mill to get 12 barrels of flour, each containing 196 lbs.? 

352. A liter of good milk weighs 1.030 kg. A milkman furnished 
4.5 liters of "milk" that was found to weigh 4.59 kg. Find how 
much water he had put in it. 

353. Find the sum of the first thousand niMnbers that are mul- 
tiples of 3. (Hint: the first term of the arithmetic series is 3). 

354. Divide ^g by ^9 in two different ways, fully explaining 
every detail of both processes. 

355- {^) What is meant by a multiple of any number? 

(b) What is meant by a submultiple of any number? 
(The term "divisor" is often carelessly used instead of submultiple, 
but very inappropriately, because any number may be a divisor of 
any other). 

356. Find the lowest common multiple and the highest common ^ 
submultiple of %, ^g, ^5. 

357. (a) Express 1.9383838.-. (best written 1.938) as a 

common fraction. The result required is one fraction — an "im- 
proper" fraction, of course. 

(b) Express ^®-^^ as a decimal fraction. No credit what- 
ever is to be given unless the repeating period is found. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 123 

358. What is the ratio of 81 bu. 2 pk. 6 qt. to 285 bu. 3 pk. 

5 qt.? 

359. How many bricks, each 8 in. by 4 in. by 2 in., would be 
required to build the four walls of a room whose inside measurements 
are 60 ft. by 25 ft., the walls being 16 ft. high and i ft. thick, if 
the volume of the motar used be considered equal to that of the 
bricks wasted — that is, making no allowance for motar? 

360. (a) What is the metric weight of the water that can be 
contained in a rectangular vessel 2.2 m. long, 1.08 m. wide, .and 
25 cm. deep? How many dekaliters would the vessel hold? 

(b) What is the avoirdupois weight of the water that can 
be contained in a rectangular vessel 2 yds. 2 ft. long, i yd. 8 in. 
wide and 10 in. deep, taking 1000 oz. as the approximate weight of 
a cubic foot of water? How many gallons would the vessel hold, 
taking i gal.=23i cu. in.? 

361. Write an explanation of the great ease and simplicity of cal- 
culating with metric units, such as would form the suitable com- 
ments by the teacher after a pupil had solved the two problems in 
the preceding question. 

362. (a) If by selling apples for $5.50 a barrel one gained 20 
per cent, profit, at what price did he buy them? 

(b) If a house was sold for $2700 at a loss of 12J/2 per 
cent. ; what did it cost ? 

363. What is the sum of the first ten terms of an arithmetic 
series whose third term is 12 and ninth term 42? 



CIVIL GOVERNMENT, 

Including United States Constitution and Texas Constitution. 

» 

1. State three of the constitutional qualifications of the president 
of the United States. 

2. Define direct tax, and mention two kinds of direct taxes. 

3. Mention three officers of a United States District Court. 

4. What is meant by "Civil Service Reform"? 

5. What is meant by bills for raising revenue, and where must 
bills for raising revenue for the United States originate? 



1:^4 Teachers'' Guide and Question Book. 

6. What are the duties of a county attorney in this State? of 
the county treasurer? 

7. What provision with reference to suspending the writ of 
habeas corpus does the Constitution of Texas contain? 

8. To whom is the Texas Legislature authorized to grant pen- 
sions ? 

g. How may the Constitution of the United States be amended? 

10. Who is the present Secretary of the Interior? Mention three 
of the principal divisions of the Interior Department. 

11. In an ordinaiy city government, name (a) the legislative 
body, (b) the executive officer, (c) the judicial officer. 

12. Who is the present Lieutenant-Governor of Texas? How 
was he elected? 

13. By whom is the Governor of a Territory appointed? 

14. From whom does the United States Government derive its 
powers ? 

15. What persons are eligible to the office of Governor of our 
State? 

16. To what are the powers of Congress limited? 

17. What is treason against the United States, and what is 
necessary to conviction ? 

18. Explain the difference between voting by ballot and voting 
by acclamation. 

ig. Name the division of government (state, city, county or dis- 
trict) to which each of the following belongs: Sheriff, senator, 
comptroller, alderman, justice of the peace. 

20. How does a postmaster of a city obtain the office? 

21. By what authority does a city government exercise its powers, 
and how are its powers limited? 

22. What is meant by an executive session, and for what pur- 
pose does the United States Senate hold executive sessions? 

23. What is meant by a person giving bail? 

24. How may Congress raise revenue? 

25. Define: Government, treaty, natural right, political right, 
treason. 

26. Mention the three departments of our government, and 
state briefly the duty of each. 

27. In what two ways, chiefly, does the executive affect the 
work of the legislative department? 

28. Who is a legal voter in Texas? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 125 

29. Is the paying of a poll tax requisite to a man's being able to 
vote in Texas? Do you think it should be? Why? 

30. Is there any kind of election held in Texas in which only 
tax payers vote? If so, for w^hat purpose? 

31. What is an alien, and vv^hat must an alien do to be allowed 
to vote in Texas? 

32. What is meant by a "bill of rights?" Is there a "bill of 
rights" in the constitution of the United States? 

33. Why is a provision of the Constitution of greater authority 
than a law passed by the legislature, or by congress? 

34. What three classes of taxation enters the available school 
fund of Texas? 

35. A school trustee; mention his qualifications, his duties,- his 
term of office, and salary. 

36. How are United States Senators elected? How long do 
they hold office? How many from Texas? Give the names of the 
Texas Senators. 

37. What is "the President's Cabinet?" Mention the officers 
in the Cabinet. 

38. What is "the President's salary? When was it fixed at the 
present sum? 

39. Mention the courts in our State system in order, beginning 
with the lowest. 

40. Mention the county officers in Texas, and tell the duty of 
each. 

41. What constitutes eligibility to be President or Vice President 
of the United States? To be a United States Senator? To be a 
member of the United States House of Representatives? 

42. What are the principal officers in the common type of city 
government? What are the chief functions of a city government? 

43. State briefly the provisions of the Texas Constitution in 
reference to the public schools. 

44. What is an excise tax? Upon what articles is an excise tax 
levied by the United States government? 

45. Explain the objects for which political parties are organized. 
To what abuses are party organizations liable? Explain two ways 
of correcting such abuses. 

46. Explain the functions of legislative committees in the enact- 
ment of laws. To what abuses is the committee system liable? 

47. What is the great political issue in this country at tiie pres- 
ent time ? What is the attitude of the political parties towards it ? 



I:i6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

48. What is meant by the law of supply and demand? How 
is the operation of this law hindered? 

49. Mention three causes of poverty. Explain the inherent and 
fatal vice of socialism. 

50. Show the propriety and importance of the teaching of civics 
in the public schools. 

51. Distinguish between a pure Democracy and a Republic. 

52. Describe briefly the manner of electing a President of the 
United States. 

53. State briefly how a bill introduced in one house of Congress 
may become a law. 

54. How many departments or branches of government does the 
Constitution of the United States recognize? What powers have 
each? What is the relation of the branches to each other? 

55. What is property? Mention three ways in which property 
may be legally acquired. What duty in respect to property does 
the government owe the citizens? 

56. What is a grand jury? a petit jury? State two complaints 
that have been made against the "jury system." 

57. Distinguish between direct and indirect tax. What is meant 
by "free coinage?" 

58. What does the word government signify? 

59. Name three forms of government that exist at present, and 
state their principal differences. 

60. What is a colony? What did the colonists proclaim in the 
Declaration of Independence? 

61. How were the States united during the Revolutionary War? 
Give three reasons why the Articles of Confderation were a failure. 

62. Why do Legislatures claim the right to instruct Senators? 
Why should the govenrment determine the value of money? 

63. In whom is the power to declare war vested? In whom is 
the power to treat for peace vested? 

64. What is meant by bills of attainder? By ex post facto laws? 

65. Had the States not ratified the Constitution what would 
have been the conditions of the States? 

66. When was the Constitution of the United States adopted? 
What bond of union between the States existed before the adoption 
of the Constitution? 

67. How is a president nominated? How is he elected? 

68. How may the Constitution of the United States be amended ? 
the Constitution of Texas? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 127 

69. What are the subdivisions of a county in Texas? of a city? 

70. By what body is a county tax levied? a city tax? 

71.- Mention three Texas Congressmen; three members of the 
Texas House of Representatives. 

72. State how the following State officers are chosen: Attorney- 
General, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Railroad Com- 
missioners, Secretary of State, 

73. Name two important guarantees provided by the Texas Bill 
of Rights, to a person accused of crime. 

74. When two or more persons claim the same seat in either 
house of Congress, how is the matter determined ? 

75. Every time a man buys a glass of whisky or a cigar he pays 
a U. S. tax. How? 

76. What is a custom house? Where are they generally located? 

77. If a law increasing the President's salary to $100,000 per 
annum should be passed during the present session of Congress, 
when would he begin to draw this salary? Explain. 

78. What is a constitution? A law? 

79. Who are the U. S. Senators from this State? If one should 
resign today to whom would his resignation be addressed? How 
would the vacancy be filled ? 

80. What is the object of government? What is anarchy? 

8 1. What is the distinguishing feature of a pure Democracy? of 
pure Republic. 

82. Point out some of the Democratic features of our State 
government ;' some of its Republican features. 

83. What provision concerning perpetuities and monopolies is 
contained in the Texas Bill of Rights? 

84. Mention, three classes of persons that are not qualified 
voters under the Texas Constitution. 

85. Of what is the perpetual school fund in this State con- 
stituted ? 

86. Mention two acts that States are by the United States con- 
stitution forbidden to do. 

87. Give substantially the oath of office prescribed for the presi- 
dent of the United States. 

88. What arrangement is provided to prevent all of the United 
States senators from going out of office at the same time? 

89. Name four kinds of Texas courts. 

90. What is a primary? What is a caucus? 



128 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

91. By whom are the committees of the Texas Senate appointed? 
of the U. S. Senate? of the Texas House? of the U. S. House? 

92. How are Federal Judges chosen? How are our State Judges 
chosen ? 

93. Define summons, subpoena, verdict, judgment, execution. 

94. What good reason can be given for teaching civil government 
in the public schools? 

95. What powers may be rightfully exercised by Congress? 
What by the Legislature of Texas? 

96. What should constitute a qualified voter? In most of the 
States of the Union what are the chief qualifications for voting? By 
the Texas constitution, what consitutes a qualified voter? 

97. Name three evils that threaten our government, and show 
the dangers of each. 

98. What are strikes? What are lockouts? Show the evils of 
both. What remedies have been suggested for labor troubles? 

99. What are the steps in the passage of a bill by Congress? By 
the Texas Legislature? 

100. Mention the kinds of property, which, according to the 
constitution of the State, are exempt from taxation. What other 
kinds may be exempted by act of the Legislature. 

loi. Name and define the three kinds of State school funds 
created by the State constitution. 

102. How are the judges of the Supreme Court of the United 
States selected? For what time are they selected? 

103. How are the judges of the Supreme Court of Texas select- 
ed? What is their term of office? 

104. What rights have States of the Federal Government? 

105. In what way does the Federal Government aid inven- 
tors and authors? 

106. Who is at the present time president of the United States 
Senate? What are his duties? 

107. What rights have citizens of the United States charged 
with crime? 

108. What is the purpose of the National Government? What 
powers may it legally exercise ? 

109. What is a legislature? Give reasons why the Legislature 
of Texas is composed of two bodies. 

110. What in the law of our country prevents one's enemy from 
having him put into prison and kept there a long time? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 129 

111. Locate the State University and the State Normal Schools 
of Texas. 

112. How are the Territories represented in Congress? 

113. Name a book that is not copyrighted. What things besides 
books may be copyrighted ? 

114. If one should be caught selling "playing cards" without the 
requisite stamps, before what court would he be tried? Why? 

115. Name three rights guaranteed to the citizens of Texas by 
the State Constitution. 

116. How was Jefferson elected? How is the President of the 
United States electd today? 

117. What are the provisions of the school law in regard to 
holding county teachers' institutes? 

118. What is usury? State one good reason for its being made 
unlawful. 

119. Name a power possessed by the House of Representatives 
and not by the Senate. 

120. What is th chief duty of a grand jury? 

121. What is the advantage of having the two leading political 
parties of a state nearly equally divided? 

122. In what sense is the Governor of Texas a legislative officer? 

123. Name the date of the beginning of the regular annual ses- 
sion of Congress. 

124. What officers are, in Texas, charged with the following 
duties: Supervising of public accounts; prosecution of criminals on 
appeal to Court of Criminal Appeals; granting commutations and 
pardons to criminals convicted of crimes against the State? 

125. When is the beginning and when the close of a school year? 

126. By whose power does our government exist? 

127. Name three privileges pertaining to religious rights under 
the Constitution. 

128. How are our State Representatives chosen? For how long 
do they serve, and what is their pay? 

129. Name three forms of government under wihch Texas has 
existed, and name two countries having forms of government similar 
to two of these. 

130. Can society exist without law? (Give reasons for an- 
swer. 

131. State some restrictions placed upon the individual State by 
the Federal Constitution, and give reasons for the restrictions. 

132. What is an indirect tax? Mention two examples, 



I30 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

133. When bills are introduced in the Legislature, why are they 
referred to committees? What is the duty of legislative commit- 
tees in regard to bills referred to them? 

134. What is the extent of the jurisdiction of a justice of th'e 
peace (a) as to the amount of money involved; (b) as to persons 
charged with crime? 

135. Define (a) deed, (b) mortgage, (c) lien, (d) subpoena. 

136. What important decision has been rendered recently by the 
Supreme Court of the United States concerning our insular pos- 
sessions? 

137. (a) Tell how a regular school district may be created in 
a Texas county which operates its public schools under the "com- 
munity system." 

(b) How may the whole county be transferred from the 

community to the district system? 

138. Name four important personal rights guaranteed by the 
United States Constitution. 

139. Under what circumstances may the presidential electors fail 
to tlect a President? In case of such failure, by whom is the Presi- 
dent elected? 

140. What is meant by "the right of eminent domain?" 

141. Name two things which State governments cannot do. 

142. What are the fundamental differences between the English 
and the American forms of government? 

143. Give the history of a bill introduced into Congress from the 
time of its introduction till it becomes a law. 

144. What is the difference between a protective tariff and a 
tariff for revenue only? 

145. What is treason? Impeachment? 

146. Name six powers of Congress. Name -two powers denied 

to Congress. 

147. Describe the Australian Ballot System. 

148. The U. S. Senate has how many members? How is the 
number determined? 

149. How may a alien become a citizen of the U. S? 

150. How are states admitted? 

151. What are the required qualifications for governor of Texas? 
How long does he serve, and what pay does he receive? 

152. What is the purpose of dividing states into counties? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 131 

153. What is the limitation in the Constitution of the United 
States in regard to bills for raising revenue? What is the origin 
and reason of the limination? 

154. How are judges of the United States Supreme Court se- 
lected? How are judges of the Texas Supreme Court selected? 

155. Explain the difference between an indictment and a convic- 
tion ; the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony. 

156. By whom is a Territory represented in Congress? How is 
he chosen? What may such person do in Congress, and what may 
he not do? 

157. There is a provision in the United States Constitution that 
no State may pass a law impairing the obligation of a contract. 
State and illustrate fully what is meant by this provision of the 
Constitution. 

158. Who is President of the Senate? May he vote? How is 
the Speaker of the House elected? 

159. How many members compose the Railroad Commission of 
Texas? How are they elected? What are the chief duties of the 
Commission ? 

160. Under the Federal Constitution, what is the provision with 
regard to the taking of private property? 

161. Could the Legislature of Texas pass an effective law pre- 
scribing a religious test as a qualification to any office or public 
trust? Why? 

162. How many amendments to the Federal Constitution have 
been adopted? 

163. How are Congressmen elected, and what must be their 
qualifications? 

164. What officers does the House of Representatives elect? 

165. What is a judgment? 

166. What is the rule in reference to holding special sessions of 
Congress i* 

167. What is the writ of habeas corpus? When, according to 
the United States Constitution, may it be suspended? What is 
the provision of the Texas Bill of Rights in reference to its sus- 
pension ? 

168. What is the provision of the United States Constitution in 
respect to ex post facto laws and bills of attainder? 

169. What is meant by a court of original jurisdiction? By an 
appellate court? 

J 70. Explain the purpose of the writ of habeas corpus. 



132 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

171. What is a corporation? 

172. In common school districts in the State, what is necessary 
to constitute a legal contract between a teacher and the board of 
trustees ? 

173. On what grounds does the State base its rights to levy school 
tax on the property of those who have no children? 

174. How are new States admitted into the Union? 

175. Define property and give three ways by which it may be 
honestly acquired. 

176. What matters are left solely to the controle of the several 
States? 

177. What legislative power is vested in the president? What 
judicial and executive powers are vested in the senate? 

178. Can a law not sanctioned by the consent of the people be 
enforced successfully? Why? 

179. Explain poll tax, tax on personal property, tax on real es- 
tate. What kinds of real estates are exempted from taxation and 
why. What kinds of personal property are exempted from taxation 
and why? 

180. Explain the functions and influence of standing committees 
in the system of law-making that prevails in this country. 

181. Give the constitutional provision in reference to taxes for 
school purposes in Texas. 

182. In what respect is one of our States like a separate nation? 
When may the vice-president vote? 

183. What is meant by the word "census?" How often is the 
United States census taken, and what does it include? 

184. What is meant by passing a law over the President's veto? 
What is necessary in order to do this? 

185. Name the ordinary officers of a court. 

186. What objection is sometimes urged against the plan of hav- 
ing judges selected by popular vote? Answer the objection. 

187. In what cases has the Governor of this State the power to 
grant reprieves, commutations and pardons? 

188. Give in brief the provisions of the State Constitution in 
reference to creating counties. 

189. Name any three of the purposes of government mentioned 
in the preamble of the Constitution of the U. S. 

190. What is the age qualification of the President of the U. S., 
snd what salary does he draw? 



Teachers Guide and Question hook. 133 

191. What is the age qualification of governor in your State, and 
what salary does he get? 

192. How are U. S. senators in Texas elected? 

193. Who is the president of the State senate, and how does he 
secure his office and would he become governor if the governor 
should die? 

194. How can a bill become a law without the signature of the 
governor? 

195. What is trial by jury, and can you tell anything of its 
origin ? 

196. Give two reasons why Congress only has the right to coin 
money. What gives value to paper money? 

197. What is a republic? 

198. In an election what is the distinction between plurality and 
majority? 

199. Name two qualifications for school trustees in Texas. 

200. Why cannot a State declare war, and what is the only power 
in the U. S. that may declare war? 

201. (a) What are letters of marque? (b) What is a reprisal? 

202. (a) What is a veto? (b) What does the word veto mean? 

203. (a) What is a pure Democracy? (b) a representative 
Democracy? (c) an oligarchy? 

204. Where is the power vested under the Constitution of the 
United States to declare war? 

(c) To make treaties? 

205. State the various conditions under which a bill introduced 
in either house of the Texas Legislature may fail to obecome a law. 

206. (a) Who appoints the various committees of the House 
of Representatives; who the committees of the Senate? 

(b) Explain the importance and power of these com- 
mittees. 

207. Name the present judges of the supreme court. 

208. State some circustances that have brought President Roose- 
velt into perplexing conditions in regard to (a) social, (b) industrial, 
(c) international, affairs. 

209. Distinguish between the terms "strict constructionist" and 
"loose constructionist." 

210. When is the Speaker of the United States House of Repre- 
sentatives chosen? For what Ingth of time? Name two of his 
duties. 



134 Teachers' Guide and Question Booh. 

211. To what kinds of cases does the judicial power of the 
United States extend or apply? 

212. Are the school systems of this country National or State 
systems ? 

213. What is the only power in this country that can borrow or 
coin money? 

214. Why can there be no title in the United States? 

215. Name two objects to be attained in teaching civil gov- 
ernment. 

216. If citizens of different States have cause for litigation, in 
what court will the dispute be settled? (b) What is appellate juris- 
diction ? 

217. (a) What is the necessity for a secret ballot? (b) What 
is meant by a blanket ballot? (c) When and where did the Australian 
ballot system originate? 

218. If a man commits a crime, such as murder, (a) What of- 
ficer would arrest him? (b) What officer prosecute him? (c) In 
whose name is the action brought? (d) Who is the defendant? (e) 
What is the difference between vrdict and sentence? 

219. What is meant by (a) single gold standard? (b) By bi- 
metalism? (c) What does the term of 16 to i mean when applied 
to the coinage of silver and gold? 

220. What is the difference between the United States Con- 
stitution and the Texas Constitution in regard to suspension of the 
writ of habeas corpus? 

221. State the provisions of the Constitution of Texas in regard 
to the qualifications of voters. 

222. Mention the leading purposes for which, under our State 
Constitution, taxes may be levied. 

223. What, under our State laws, are the duties of school trus- 
tees ? 

224. What powers are forbidden the States by the Federal Con- 
stitution? 

•225. Explain the difference between a republican form of gov- 
ernment arid a pure democracy. 

226. Explain the duties of a "grand jury;" or a "petit jury." 

227. How many judges constitute the Supreme Court of the 
United States? How do they obtain the office? Who is the present 
Chief Justice? x 

228. How may the President be removed from office? Where 
would charges be preferred? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 135 

229. How is the United States Constitution amended? The 
State Constitution? 

230. How may the United States acquire territory? How dis- 
pose of territory? 

231. What was the policy of the National administration for ob- 
taining money with which to meet the expenses of the Spanish- 
American war? 

232. What is the oldest form of government? 

233. Show how the change was made in our government from 
the old federation of the States to the new federation, or Union, 
under the Constitution. 

234. What is meant by the Doctrine of States' Rights, and who 
have been its most ardent advocates? 

235. (a) How many amendments have been added to the 
United States' Constitution? • 

236. What provisions have been made for public free schools 
by the Constitution of the State of Texas? 

237. Name four State officers, and give a brief summary of the 
duties of each. 



OUTLINE ON GEOGRAPHY. 

Last half of third year direction — Teach 
North. 
South. 
East. 
West. 

Distance — 

Draw map of school room. 
Draw map of School yard. 

Surface of the earth — 

Divided into land and water. 
See maps for divisions. 
Names of Divisions. 
Direction and distance? 



136 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

Surface — 

Mountains? 
Hills? 
Valleys ? 
Plains? 
Plateau ? 

Shape — Use Globe: 

How proved? 

Circumference? 

Diameter? 

Size — 

Distance ? 
Circumference ? 
Diameter? 

Motions — ■ 

Revolution around sun yearly cause change of season — rota- 
tion on diameter or axis — causes day and night. 

Seasons (names). — 

Products and occupations, during each in your state. Show 
why some parts of the earth have only two seasons. 

Climate ? 

Zones, Plants, Animals and occupations of each. 
Soil and Minerals? 

Name useful minerals, how obtained? Precious metals. 
Races: How does each live? Where? 

Caucasian or White? Mongolian or Yellow? Malay or 
Brown? Indian or Red? Negro or Black. 

Himisphere — Definition : 

Show by cutting apple. 
Eastern — Countries? Oceans. 
Western — Countries? Oceans. 
Name and locate continents. . 
Northern Hemisphere? 
Southern Hemisphere? 
Name dividing line; illustrate. 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 13^ 

North America — 

Location ? 

By Hemisphere. 

By Natural Boundaries. 

Countries — 

Location ? 

By Natural Boundaries. 

By Political Boundaries. 

■ Surface — 

High? Low? In what part? countries? 

Rivers — 

Source? Direction? Flows through what countries? Mouth? 
Value to Commerce? Navigation? 

Adapted to each country with each sub-division — 
Teach : 

1. Location. 

la. Hemisphere, 

lb. Zones. 

ic. Natural Boundaries, 

id. Political Boundaries. 

2. Surafce. 

2a. Divide or Watershed. 

2b. Mountains. 

2c. Platous. 

2d. Valleys. 

2e. Rivers, Lakes, etc. 

2f. Directions of Slope. 

2g. Plains. 

2h. Basins. 

2i. Climate. 

2J. Products, Vegetable; Animal. 

2k, Occapations. 

2I. People. 

3. Sub-Divisions (Countries, Sections, States). 

31. Location. 

I a. Boundaries. 

lb. Drainage Slope or Basins. 



13^ Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

32. Surface. 

2a. Mountains. 

2b. Platiou. 

2c. Plains. 

2d. Slopes and Basins. 

2e. Climate. " , 

2d. Occupations. 

2e. Products, Vevetable ; Animal. 

2f. People. 

2g. How Governed. 

4. Cities. 

4a. Location. 

4b. Facilities for Commerce. 

ai. Oceans, Lakes, etc. 

b I . Rivers. 

31. Railroads. 

di. General. 

5. Special Interests. 

a. Capitol. 

b. Metropolis. 

c. Manufactures What? 

Teach each Division, as outlined for Canada, to Page 114. 

A. Sixth Grade begins with Asia. Teach same general plan — 
through Oceania. Review from the first. Teach Part I to page 22, ac- 
cording to the following outline: 

Teach: 
I. Sub-divisions. 

la. Phj'sical. 
lb. Political, 
id. Mathematical. 

2. Shape and Parts. 

21. Sphere. 

I a. Axis. 

ic. Poles. 

id. Circumference. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 1 39 

22. How Proved. 

2a. B}^ Sailing Around it. 

2b. By Circular Chadow on Moon, 

2c. Etc. 

3. Motions. 

31. Dail}^ 
I a. On What? 
lb. What Time? 
ic. Effect? 

32. Yearly. 

2a. Around What? 

2b. In What Time? 

2c. Effect? 

26. Why? 

2. Directions. 

a. Cardinal Points. 

b. Up and Down. 

5. Circles. 

51. Great Circles. 

"I a. Squator. 

lb. Meridian Circles. 
5- Small. 

2a. Parallels of Satitude. 
5' Astromical. 

3a. Tropic of Cancer. 

3b. Tropic af Capricorn. 

3 c. Arctic Circle. 

3e. Ant-Artie Circle. 

5* Latitude. 

5'^ Longitude. 

5" Meridians. 

5" Zones. 

7a. Boundaries. 
7b. Width. 
7c. Climate. 



146 Teachers Guide and Question Book. 

7. Oceans, Seas and Division. 

71. Oceans. 
I a. Atlantic, 
lb. Pacific, 
ic. Indian, 
id. Arctic. 
I'e. Ant-Arctic. 

7^ Arms. 
2a. Seas. 
2b. Gulfs. 
2c. Bays. 
26. Channels. 
2f. Sounds. 

7^ Bed of Ocean. 

3a. Color. 

3b. Temperature. 

3c. Currents. 

3d. Waves. 

3e. Tides. 

ei. Flood Tide. 

e2. Edd Tide. 

8^ Waters of Atmosphere. 
Forms. 

I a. Dew. 

lb. Fog. 
IC. Clouds, 
le. Rain, 
if. Snow, 
ig. Hail, 
ih. Sleet. 

8^ Cause. 

9. Waters of the Continent. 

91. Springs. 
I a. How formed? 
lb. Mineral Springs. 
IC. Hot Springs. 
I a Geysers. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 141 



9- River. 

2a. How formed? 

2b. Source ? 

2c. Mouth? 

2e. Channel: 

2b. System? 

2g. Basin? 

2h. Estuary? 

2i. Delta? 

2I. Rapids and Falls. 

9^ Lakes. 

3a. How Formed? 

3b. Basin? 

3c. Salt and Fresh? 

9* Glaciers. 

4a. How Formed? 
4b. Where Formed? 

9^ Iceburg. 

5a. Where Formed ? 

9° Avalanch. 

6a. How Formed? 
6b. Where Formed? 

10. Climate. 

10^ Modifications. 

I a. Latitude. 

lb. Inclination of Earth's Axis. 

ic. Height Above Sea Level. 

le. Winds. 

if. Nearness to the Sea. 

lO" Change of Seasons. 

2a. Causes. 

ai. Revolution of the Earth. 
a2. Inclination of Earth's Axis, 
^3. Rotation, 



142 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

10^ Seasons. 

3a. Rainy and Dry — ^Torrid Zone. 

3b. Day and Night — Frigid. 

3c. Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter — Temperate Zone. 

Climate — 

On High I/ands? 
On Low Lands? 
Cause in each part? 

Show how Climate, Products and Occupations are Insep- 
arable. 

MINERAL KINGDOM. 

ai. Coal. ■ 

I a. Origin. 

lb. Where found? 

ic. Importance, 
bi. Iron. 

i-a. Where found? 
2b. Copper. 

2a. Where found? 
2b. Color? 
2C. Antiquity? 

b3. Zinc. 

3a. Where found? 
3b. Clor. 

b4. Gold and Silver. 

6.\ Alloys. 

a. Brass? 

b. Bronze? 

c. Pewter? 

6. Building Stones. 

6a. How found? 
6b. Granite? 
6c. Marble? 
6d. Sand Stone? 
II. Minerals. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book, • 143 



1I1. Classes. 



I a. Force Producing. 
lb. Industrial Metals, 
ic. Building Stones. 

VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 

12^ Plants? 

I a. Distribution? 

ai. By What Governed? 

lb. Plants of 

bi. Torried Zone. 

b2. Temperate Zone. 
b3. Frigid Zone. 

13. ANIMAL KINGDOM. 

13^. Animal? 

I a. Where most numerous? 
lb. Characteristics. 
bi. Torrid Zone. 
b2. Temeprate Zone. 
b3. Frigid Zone. 
1 3-. People. 
2a. Classes. 
ai. Savage. 
a2. Barbarous, 
ai. Half Civilized. 
a4. Civilized. 

13^ Races. 

3a. How distinguished? 

ai. Caucasian? 

a2. Mongolian? 

a3. Negro? 

a4. Malay? 

a5. American Indian? 

14^ Religions. 
I a. Christians. 
ai. The Bible. 
lb. Jewish. 



144 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

bi. Old Testament. 

ic. Mohamedon. 

CI. Khoran. 

id. Brahminism and Buddhism. 

bi. Heathen, Idols, Animals, etc. 

15. POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

15^. Republics. 
1 5-. Monarchies. 

2a. Limited. 
2b. Absolute. 

15^. Government. 

3a. Why formed ? 
I a. How Governed? 
lb. Class of People? 

15. 2a. How Governed? 

15. 2 1 a. Class of People? 

2c. Empire, Kingdom, Capitol. 



16. INDUSTRIES. 



16^. Agriculture. 

la. Countries Adapted? 

1 6". Manufacturing. 

2a. Where? 
2b. What? 

16^. Mining. 

3a. What? 
3b. Where? 

1 6'*. Commerce. 

4a. Facilities. 
16^'. Fisheries. 

5 a. Where? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 145 



GEOGRAPHY. 

1. Draw an outline may of Texas. Number the parallels of lati- 
tude and the meridians that form parts of its boundaries. Indicate 
and name the rivers that form parts of boundaries. Indicate and 
name the rivers that cross the Panhandle. Indicate and name four 
large rivers (not on boundaries). Locate Austin, Galveston, Dallas, 
Houston, San Antonio and El Paso. 

2. Give the following data for any country in the State (pre- 
ferably that in which you are teaching or are about to teach) : origin 
of name; first settlement; prominent men in early history; rivers'; 
railroads, population ; number of school districts ; cities or large towns ; 
agricultural and industrial products; social characteristics with respect 
to different races among inhabitants, etc. (Full credit for intelli- 
gent approximations). 

3. Define (a) divides, (b) flood plains. 

4. State briefly what should be most prominently taught in re- 
gard to (a) Minneapolis, (b) Pittsburg, (c) Galveston, (d) Niagara 
Falls, (c) Yellowstone Park. 

What are the chief products of Michigan? In what does it 
rank first in the Union? 

5. From what countries do we chiefly import wool, tea, tobacco, 
mahogany, platinum? 

6. Describe (by naming in order the bodies of water) the short 
route for vessels from Liverpool to Melbourne! (in Southeastern 
Australia). What would be the most striking way to prove to the 
pupils that this was an almost direct route and much shorter than any 
other? 

7. Name and locate three important military outposts of the 
British Empire — that is, strong fortifications in the midst of alien 
territory. 

8. Locate Vancouver island and name its chief city, 
g. Discuss the correlation of geography and history. 

10. Name the four "time belts" of the United States, and the 
meridians upon which they are based. Under this system what is 
the theoretical maximum difference between local and standard 
time ? 



146 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

11. Name the "Atlantic States" in order from north to south, and 
name the capitol of each. 

12. Name the State of the Union that excels in each of the fol- 
lowing particulars: ' Population; good harbors; production of copper; 
production of gold, silver, and lead ; production of coal and iron ; pro- 
duction of sugar; production of wine. 

13. Name and locate five large cities in the Dominion of Canada. 

14. Name the principal commercial cities of the five chief na- 
tions of Europe. 

15. Name three large rivers that rise in the Alps, and the body 
of water into which each flows. 

16. Name five large rivers of Asia and the bod)' of water into 
which each flows. 

17. (a) Name and locate the largest lake in Africa. 

(b) Where is Madagascar? 

(c) The Canary Isles? 

18. Describe the situation of Venice, not omitting a proper ac- 
count of the largely artificial character of its site. 

19. Name five books that would be interesting and profitable for 
pupils to read in connection with their study of geography. 

20. About how many English statute miles apart are the tropics? 

21. Give the dates when the north pole of the earth's txis is (a) 
inclined directly toward the sun; (b) inclined directly from the 
sun; (c) inclined neither to nor from the sun; and (d) compare 
the lengths of day and night in the northern hemisphere for each 
condition. 

22. Describe in its general features the drainage of North 
America. 

23. (a) Name and locate four important seaports of South 
America. 

(b) Name one of the principal products exported from each 
port mentioned in (a). 

24. Name (a) two rivers flowing into the Caspian sea; (b) three 
into the Black Sea; (c) one into the Sea of Azof. 

25. Name the countries prominent in the production of each of 
the following ; wheat, cotton, tin, rubber, gutta-percha, silk, wool 
cinchona, pepper, cork. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 147 

26. What and where, and why inmportant, are the following: 
Bosporus, Seoul, Hongkong, Trieste. 

27. Name in order the five counties of Texas that lie east of 
Cooke county and bordered by the Red river. 

28. What is geography? What are its divisions? How is it 
related to other branches of study? 

29. Name five principal seaports of the world. Name two articles 
of commerce exported from each. 

30. Name five of the principal manufacturing cities in the United 
States, and name the leading manufactures of each. 

31. Which has the more uniform climate, Laborador or the Brit- 
ish Isle? Why? 

32. Describe the Sandwich Islands with reference to govern- 
ment, climate, and industries. 

33. Give three conditions that modify the climate of any country. 

34. Name and locate three of the most important mountain sys- 
tems of the world. 

35. Draw an outline map of Texas, locating three bays, five rivers, 
five of the largest cities, the cotton, wheat, and timber regions. 

36. What is the topical method of teaching geography? State its 
advantages. 

37. (a) Describe the course with respect to the points of the 
compass that would be follovv^ed by a ship steering from New York 
to a point in the same latitude on the coast of Europe, if the short- 
est possible course were followed. 

38. (b) Mention a ready and simple way of showing his mis- 
take to a pupil who imagined the straight or shortest course would be 
due east. 

39. Name the chief river basins of North America whose waters 
drain into the Pacific. 

40. Locate the most important coal field of the United States. 

41. Locate the most important oil fields of the United States. 

42. Compare North and Sopth America as to geographical lati- 
tude of situation, as to climate, and as to coast line. 

43. Trace a route of shipment by water from Chicago to Con- 
stantinople. 



148 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 



44. Name and locate four large cities on the Mississippi river, 
and mention their characteristic industries. 

45. (a) What is the form of government in Japan? 

(b) What is the capital city? 

(c) What is Japan's greatest seaport? 

46. What portion of Africa is being most actively colonized by 
European countries, and w^-hy? 

47. Locate accurately by counties, raiWays and rivers, six of the 
most important cities or towns in Texas, and briefly tell w^hat you 
can of each, especially v^^ith respect to commercially tributary terri- 
tory, and characteristic industries. 

48. Where are the days and nights aWays of equal length? 

49. What river basin has the most luxurious growth of any on 
the American continents ? 

50. Name and locate (by county and river) five of the largest 
inland cities of Texas. 

51. Name in some regular order the ten States that touch the 
Mississippi river. 

52. Name four States in which coal is found in abundance, and 
three that excel in the production of cereals. 

53. Name ten seas in and around Europe. 

54. Name and locate six large European cities. 

55. Name two leading products of (a) France, (b) Germany, 
(c) Spain, (d) Hawaii, (e) Philippine Islands. 

56. Name the largest river of Africa that flows westward. 

57. Describe Asia, Africa, and Europe as follows: (i) Direc- 
tion of mountain ranges; (2) River systems and the character of their 
basins; (3) Shape and coast-line. 

58. Locate the capitals of five European countries; of two Asiatic 
countries; of two African countries. 

59. Name the mountain ranges, river system, and five seaports 
of South America. 

60. Bound the U. S. and locate its ten largest cities. 

61. Name and locate the capitals of all states east of the Miss- 
issippi. 

62. Name three important imports from England. 

63. Name the states where the most grain is produced ; the most 
cotton; the most sugar cane; the most rice; the most cattle. 

64. What other countries of the world produce much cotton? 
much wheat? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 14^ 

65. Name three or more causes that tend to build up a community 
into a great city. 

66. In going from New York to San Francisco, over what 
mountains would you pass? What different people would you see? 
What different products and occupations would be met with? 

67. Define latitude, longitude, meridian, zone. 

68. Locate each of the following, and state what it is: Congo, 
Madagascar, Tokio, Cuba, Quito, Gobi. 

69. State how to teach beginners the various forms of land and 
water — such as islands, lakes, rivers, etc. 

70. Name the principal articles of commerce that are produced 
in Texas, and indicate the section of the State in which each article 
is produced. 

71. Mention the silver producing States of this country. What 
measure passed by the Congress affected the silver industry in 
these States? 

72. What is the width of the north temperate zone? What de- 
termines its width? 

73. Compare the products of New York and Florida. 

74. States briefly what is generally known of the people, govern- 
ment and industries of Japan. 

75. Give two routes available to a vessel from Rio Janeiro to 
Calcutta. 

76. Name the countries bordering on the Mediterranean, and 
give the capitals of those countries on the northern coast. 

77. Name the five principal rnountain system of the Western 
Continent, and state the general direction of the trend of each. 

78. Name the greatest river system of North America, and men- 
tion five of the largest tributaries. 

79. Name and locate five of the largest islands lying near the 
eastern coast of North America. 

80. Name and locate five commercial centers of Europe. 

81. Locate three of the principal wheat regions of the United 
States. Three iron regions. Name five of the leading cotton 
States. 

82. Name the countries that touch France, and give the capital of 
each. 

83. What form of government has each of the following: 
France, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Russia, Brazil, England, Mexico? 



150 Teachers' Guide mid Question Book. 

84. On what river is each of the following: New York, Phila- 
delphia, Washington, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Dallas, Sacramento, 
London, Paris, Rome, Cairo? 

85. Name the States that border on the Great Lakes, and men- 
tion a product of each. 

86. Contrast the industrial resources of East Tennessee with 
those of the western section of the same State. 

87. In what two agricultural products does Louisiana lead the 
other States of the Union? 

88. Where in the United States do farmers meet with difficulty 
from lack of sufficient rain? Where, on account of the worn-out 
character of the land? 

89. Name and locate five peninsulas in North America. 

90. Name four of the provinces of Canada, and give the capital 
of each. 

91. In what part of Mexico are the cereals cultivated? In what 
does the chief wealth of Mexico consist? 

92. What countries of South America does the equator cross? 
Mention a product of each country. 

93. Name the "Six Great Powers" of Europe and give the capi- 
tal of each. 

94. (a) Name the political divisions of North America (inclu- 
sive of "Central America"), (b) Which are independent countries? 
(c) Which blong to to European governments? (d) Which are English 
speaking? (e) Which are Spanish speaking? 

95. Name four great rivers in North America, stating where they 
rise and into what waters they flow. 

96. How does South America compare with North America, in 
extent of longtitude; in extent of latitude? 

97. (a) Which is the most irregular coast of Eurasia (Europe 
and Asia) ? (b) How does that continent compare in size with 
North America? (c) What part of the land surface of the earth 
does it embrace? 

98. (a) Where are the great highlands of Eurasia? (b) 
Name three rivers north of thes highlands, and three south, and 
state into what waters they flow. 

99. State the shortest water route from Manilla to Liverpool. 

100. Locate by approximate latitude and longitude the following 
cities: Austin, Texas; Washington, D. C. ; London, England; Rio 
Janeiro, Brazil; Pekin, China. 



Teachers' Giude and Question Book. 151 

lOi. Name four products imported by the United States from 
South America, stating the exporting country in each instance. 

Describe the country, climate, people, government, and exports of 
Spain. 

102. Name and locate one large city,no/ the capital, in each of the 
independent States of Europes. 

103. Locate the island of St. Helena. What is its chief fame in 
history? What has brought it into very recent notice? 

104. Name three countries which are very important factors in 
the world's supply of each of the following products: wheat, cattle, 
cotton, wine, gold, iron. 

105. What and where is each of- the following: Tiber, Warsaw, 
Argentina, Po, Luzon, Balize. 

106. Is the north pole in sunlight or darkness on Christmas Day? 
Give clear explanation of cause. 

107. Mention briefly the natural causes leading to the develop- 
ment of Chicago; of Cripple Creek; of Dawson. 

108; Nam.e five natural boundaries between Europe and Asia. 

109. Name in order the three highest mountains in North Amer- 
ica. 

1 10. Name five cities in the U. S. and say for what each is noted 
in a commercial way. 

111. Name the states that border upon Kentucky, and mention 
the capital of each. 

112. Locate Liverpool, Tokio, Sacramento, Quito, Montevidio, 
Toronto, Athens. 

113. What bodies of water are connected by the following: 
Florida Strait, Davis Strait, Strait of Gibralter, Strait of Maci- 
naw? 

114. On which side of the Andes are the most frequent rains 
and the largest rivers? Why? 

115. Name five great railroads in Texas. Give the two railroad 
routes from El Paso to New Orleans. 

116. Distinguish between standard and local time. 

117. Name and locate the capitals of Venezuela, New South 
Wales, Denmark, Switzerland, Holland, Japan, Chile, Egypt. 

118. Where is Siberia? To what country does it belong? For 
what is it noted? 

119. Locate the Sandwich Islands, New Zealand, St Helena, 
Falkland Island, Iceland, Ceylon. 



15.2 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

120. Name the oceans, and the grand divisions of the earth. 

121. Mention four regions of the world distinguished by their 
vegetation. 

122. Name the chief occupations of mankind. What determines 
the occupation of a people? 

123. Name the States that touch Pennsylvania, and the capital 
of each State. Also name a large city in each. 

124. Name the five Great Lakes and the States that touch them. 

125. Nearly all the plants that grow on the continent can be 
raised in Mexico. Explain why this is so. 

126. How does Europe compare with other grand divisions with 
respect: (a) to area; (b) to density of population; (c) to extent 
of coase line in proportion to area? What kind of coast line is 
most advantageous to a country? 

127. (a) What causes the apparent movement of the sun north 
and south in the heavens? (b) What is the measure of this move- 
ment in degrees? 

128. Define and give an example of (a) a mountain system; (b) 
a plateau; (c) a plain; (d) a river basin. 

129. Locate (a) an educational center; (b) a famous river; (c) 
a trading port; (d) extensive forests, all in the German Empire. 

130. Mention (a) two rivers which cross the plains of China; 

(b) one river receiving its waters from the south side of the Hima 
laya mountains; (c) two rivers flowing northward across Siberia. 

131. Tell which grand division has the most regular and which 
the most irregular coast and state how these conditons affect the 
weaith and power of the people. 

132. On what waters would you sail in journeying by ship from 
London to Constantinople? 

133. Locate by province or colony (a) Sydney; (b) Melbourne; 

(c) Cape Town; (d) Johannesburg. 

134. Name several counties of Texas that border on the Gulf of 
Mexico. 

135. Name (a) two important exports; (b) two principal cities; 
(c) one valuable forest product; (d) one mineral product, of Cuba. 

136. Name the States formed from the Northwestern Territory, 
and give the capital of ach. 

137. Name the counties of South America, and give capital of 
each. 

138. Name eight of the principal bays extending into the tjnited 
States and the largest rivrs flowing into each bay. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 153 

139. Name and locate the isthmuses of the world. What does 
each connect? 

140. Locate each of the following and tell what it is: Corea, 
Mecca, Sicily, Yukon, Cape Town. 

141. Name the regions of the world that produce large quantities 
of the following: Coal, iron, salt, wool, wheat, rj^e, cotton, tobacco, 
rice, sugar, -gold, copper, tin. 

142. Name our extreme Northwestern Territory. Mention three 
of its chief products. 

143. Name and locate the zones. Give the width of each. 

144. Name three of. the most important possessions of Great 
Britain. 

145. Name four articles of commerce exported from the coun- 
tries of Southern Asia. 

146. Define each of the following: Strait, bay, gulf, zone, is- 
land, lake. 

147. Locate the following and tell what each is: Australia, 
Brazil, Congo, Liberia, Ontario, Danube, Sahara. 

148. Name the States bordering on the Gulf of Mexico, and 
give capital of each. 

149. Name some of the leading wool-producing States of the 
United States. 

150. Mention three republics, and give capital of each. 

151. What are the principal tobacco growing States? 

152. What are the leading industries of Australia? 

153. Mention the European States bordering on the Mediter- 
ranean and give capital of each. 

154. Eastern time is five hours slower than Greenwich time. 
What meridian from Greenwich is taken for stndard Eastern time? 

155. Locate a desert within a tradewind belt. Account for the 
dry conditions in each case. 

156. Name a country which is a prominent competitor of the U. 
S. in the export of wheat; of cotton; of iron and steel; of tobacco; 
of petroleum products. 

157. Upon what waters would a ship sail form the mouth of the 
Rhine to the mouth of the Rhone ? 

158. Name thre advantages to the U. S. that would result from 
a successful operation of the Nicarauguan canal. 

159. Name three large rivers that have deltas, and tell how del- 
tas are formed. 



1^4 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

1 60. Nam two cities each in Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, 
and one in Alaska, stating for what each is noted. 

161. What two rivers unite to form the Columbia? For what is 
the Columbia noted? 

162. Name two lake-fed rivers; two noted for falls. 

163. Are our rivers as important -^commercially as heretofore? 
Why? 

164. Name two products of America that are indiginous; two 
that are exotic. 

165. Name any five states and their capitals. Name also five 
others in which the capitals are not the principal cities and tell what 
the principal cities are. 

166. About what parallel runs through Dallas? About what 
meridian ? 

167. What five bodies of water wash the shores of Cuba? 

168. Describe the topography and climate of Thibet. 

169. Name two noted canals and say what bodies of water they 
connect. 

170. What are levees? Jetties? Tunnels? Make example of each. 

171. Name the boundary rivers between the United States and 
Canada. 

172. Locate the Falkland Islands; the Canary Islands; the Black 
Sea. 

173. Name five cities through which the Houston and Texas Cen- 
tral Railrooad passes. 

174. Name the great races of mankind, and state the principal 
countries inhabited by each. 

175. What foreign country is specially noted for the production 
of tea? Silk? Wheat? Wool? Tobacco? Watches? Wine? 

176. Name four of the largest rivers of Africa. 

177. Into what bodies of water do the following fllow respec- 
tively: Dnieper, Thames, Hudson, Ganges, Niger, Murray? 

178. Name three of largest lakes and two of the most important 
mountain ranges of Africa. 

179. What form of government has each of the following: 
Mexico? Brazil? China? Russia? Italy? Spain? France? 

180. Name the States that touch .New York, and the capital of 
each State. 

18 1. Bound Ohio, Florida and Maine. 

182. Give the principal products of Colorado, the Dakotas, 

183. Trace a water route from Cleveland to Liverpool. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 155 

184. Name the five most populous cities on the Great Lakes, 
and three of the most populous on the Pacific slope. 

185. What are the chief products of France? 

186. Name the capitals of Florida, Georgia; Washington, Ohio, 
Virginia, Michigan, Kansas, Arizona, New Mexico, and Idaho. 

187. What manufacturing industries are rapidly growing in im- 
portance in the South? 

188. What is the Capital of Spain? Italy? Egypt? France? 
Russia? India? Turkey? Brazil? Switzerland? 

189. What invention and what commercial needs led to the dis- 
covery of America? 

190. Give a brief sketch of the introduction of Negro slavery 
into the American colonies, and state some of the results. 

191. Mention the name of five discoverers prominent in early 
American histoiy, with a brief statement of the discovery or dis- 
coveries of each. 

192. Mention two wars in which the colonies were engaged prior 
to the revolution, and state the causes and results of each war. 

193. What broubht on the war of 18 12? What battle of this 
war was fought after peace had been declared? 

194. Discuss briefly the Missouri compromise. 

195. What was the Kansas-Nebraska bill? 

196. When and under what circumstances was West Virginia 
admitted into the Union as a State? 

197. Name five statesmen, three financiers, six generals, and 
four inventors whose names are identified with United States His- 
tory. 

198. Which of the Presidents was impeached? Give a brief 
account of his impeachment. 

199. Explain what is meant by the "summer solstice;" the "win- 
ter solstice." 

200. What is meant by the scale of a map? 

201. Locate a place that has no latitude and no longitude; 
latitude but no longitude; longitude but no latitude. 

202. Name the New England States and the capital of each. 
Bound this section. 

203. Bound Arkansas. Name in order from north to south the 
states on the bank of the Mississippi River. 

204. Bound France. Name four important cities of France. 

205. What and where are the following: Liberia? Soudan? 
Oahu? Tasmania? Luzon? Tunis? Congo? Korea? 



156 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

206. Name two large rivers that rise in the Alps, and give the 
body of water into which each flows. 

207. Locate the following, and tell what each is: Ceylon, Siam, 
Patagonia, Vesuvius, Magellan, Biscay. 

208. Name five rivers that empty into the Mississippi. 

209. Name three mountain chains in the Apalachian system. 

210. What form of government has each of the following: Mex- 
ico, Chile, Spain, Italy, France, China, Japan? 

211. Over what bodies of water would a vessel pass in going 
from Philadelphia to New York City? 

212. Name the States that border on the Dominion of Canada, 
arid give the capital of each. 

213. Name three important articles of commerce exported from 
the States west of the Rocky Mountains. 

214. For what is Chicago noted? 

215. Where is Alaska? For what is it noted? To whom does 
it belong? 

216. Name the races of mankind and tell where each race is 
found. 

217. Name the principal forms of government, and give an im- 
portant state under each form. 

218. Give the two chief isthmuses of the world and tell what 
each connects. 

219. What is a river S3^stem? Name two river systems in North 
America. 

220. Where are the principal forest regions of the United States? 

221. Give the states that border on the Pacific Ocean, and 
the capital of each. 

222. What are the main objects to be gained in teaching primary 
geography ? 

223. Name the States bounded on the west wholly or partly by 
the Mississippi river, and name the capital and the most populous 
city in each State. 

224. Name three circumstances that affect the climate of a 
place, and explain the effect of each. 

225. What are the leading industries of Belgium, Italy, Colorado, 
Connecticutt, Florida? 

226. Name the chief agricultural products of Ohio, Idaho, 
Lousiana, Utah, France. 

227. Name and locate a region in the United States that produces 
salt; one that produces copper; lead; zinc; petroleum. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 157 

228. Name arid describe three important rivers of New England. 

229. There are six principal sea ports .of the United States 
Four of these are on the Aalantic slope, one in the South and one on 
the West; name them. 

230. Describe Brazil. Name its capital; tell something of its 
products. 

231. Bound Switzerland. For what noted? Name its capital. 

232. What and where are the following: San Marino, Leipsic, 
Cattegat, Messina, Malaga, Crimea, Vancouver, Pierre? 

233. Name the two causes of change of seasons. 

234. Name the zones and give their width in degrees. 

235. Where is Porto Rico, and of what importance is its acquisi- 
tion by the United States? 

236. Name eight important seas of Europe. 

237. What and where are the following: Seatle, W^orcester, 
Henlopen, Huron, Ft. Wa3^ne, Yukon, Yucatan, Sucre, Quito, Ural, 
Balkan, Gibraltar, Bern, Teheran, Canton, Altai? 

238. Which is the largest continent? The largest City? Lar- 
gest city in the U. S ? 

239. What are the chief imports of the State of Texas? 

240. Tell how you would teach distance and direction. 

241. What and where are the following: Alamo, Nile, Mobile, 
Borneo and Peru? 

242. Through what states does the Tennessee river flow? 

243. What noted riv^r rises about Pike's Peak? in Yellow 
Stone Park? 

244. Mention the principal agricultural products of the northern 
part of the Mississippi valley; of the southern part. 

245. Name the republics of South America that lie in the tem- 
perate zone. 

246. Name the principal mountains of Asia. 

247. Name the grape-gro)ving countries of Europe. 

248. Describe the climate and mention the chief occupations 
of Australia. 

149. Name some of the counties of Texas that produce sugar. 

250. Describe one of the following rivers : Danube, Volga, 
Rhine, Gaudalquivir, Ganges. Name a city situated on each river, 

251. What are the principal occupations of the people of New 
Jersey? What, the principal agricultural products of Maryland? 

252. In which of the Southern States have important iron inter- 
ests ben developed? 



158 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

253. Name the races of people that are representd in California. 
Give the most common physical characteristics of each race. 

254. Describe the scenery that would attract the attention of 
travelers on a journey up the Colorado river from the Gulf of Cali- 
fornia to the source of the river. 

255. Give an outline of the industrial resources and the indus- 
tries of Colorado. 

256. Name and locate ten cities of the United States on the At- 
lantic coast. 

257. What is a river valley? A watershed? Show how the 
great watershed of North America divides the country into drainage 
toward the North and toward the South. 

258. Name five conditions which by virtue of situation and en- 
vironment have made Chicago great. Name three industries that have 
aided in developing this city. 

259. Draw a rough sketch or map of Texas, drawing lines to 
show five of her rivers, and single dots to show the situation of five 
of her largest cities. For what is each citj'' named noted? 

260. What is latitude and how is it reckoned? What is longi- 
tude and how reckoned? What lines on the terrestrial map are 
great circles, and what lines are small circles? 

261. Give a reason why Western Texas is subject to drouth. Is 
it probable that "seasons" may be better in future in Western Texas? 
Why? 

262. Between what degrees of latitude is the United States? 
Answer approximately. 

263. What is the greatest depth of ocean, and in what ocean is 
it? What is the greatest height of land and where is it? Answer 
approximately. 

264. Describe the general contour of Africa and give a brief 
description of its flora and fauna, speaking in a general way. 

265. What states are famous for the production of corn? Of 
cotton? Of Coal? Of lumber? Of gold and silver? 

266. What is the area and what is the population of Cuba? Of 
the Philippines? 

267. Locate Hudsons Bay, Crimea. Magellan's Strait, Yo- 
semite Falls. Lake Titicaca. 

268. Bound Kentucky, and give the capital of each State border- 
ing on that State. 

269. For what is each of the following places noted? Ft. Sum- 
ter, Yorktown, Gonzales and San Jacinto. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 159 

270. What large rivers have their sources at the foot of Pike's 
Peak? 

271. Name the principal river in North America? In Africa? 
In South America? State that for which each is noted. 

272. What natural causes give Europe great maritime advantages 
over Africa? 

273. For what are California, Florida and Massachusetts noted? 

274. For what are the Sandwich Island and the Bermuda Isles 
noted ? 

275. What is the characteristic difference in the climate of the 
Pacific and Atlantic slopes of North America, and what is the cause 
of it? 

276. What, besides the text-book, is necessary in teaching geog- 
raphy ? 

277. Name the states that touch the Ohio River. Which of 
these states are tobacco growing states? 

278. Name three of the most important seaports on the gulf 
coast, and give state in which each is located. 

279. Name three of the most important wheat-growing states 
and three of the most important cotton-growing states of the Un- 
ion. 

280. Name three of the longest railroads in Texas. 

281. What are the most noted mountains in Europe? Name 
two other ranges in Europe. Give five of the longest rives, and 
name and locate five of the largest cities of Europe. 

282. What form of government has each of the following: Eng- 
land, France, Turkey, Spain, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, Russia, Swe- 
den? 

283. Locate the following and tell what each is: Lisbon, Siam, 
Everest, Tokio, Honolulu, Calcutta, Monte Video, Popocatapetl, 
Roumania, Biscay, Gibraltar, St. Helena, Danube, Victoria Ny- 
anza. 

284. Define a map, ecliptic, zodiac. 

285. Name ten arms of the Pacific Ocean. 

286. Compare the climate of Canada and Ireland, with expla- 
nations. 

287. Draw an outline of the Mississippi River, with four of its 
tributaries. 

288. Over what states of the United States and what countries 
of Europe does the 40 deg. parallel pass? 



i6o Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

289. Name and locate the capitals of the six great powers of 
Europe. 

290. Compare the civilization of China and Japan. 

291. Contrast the Alps with the Himalayas. Describe Soudan. 

292. Mention the divisions of Australia with capitals. 

293. Mention five rivers in the United States that form boun- 
dary lines between States, and name the States between which each 
flows. 

294. Describe the drainage of South America. 

295. Name three large islands that belong to the State of New 
York. 

296. Name three of the leading manufacturing industries of the 
South. 

297. Locate the following: Falkland Island, Penobscot Bay, 
Olympia, Lake Victoria, Desert of Gobi, Vesuvius, Danube River, 
Hudson Strait. 

298. Name the states of South America that border on the Pa- 
cific, and give the capitl of each state. 

299. Mention five of the leading corn growing States of the 
Union. Five of the leading tobacco growing States. 

300. What are the leading industries of Alaska? 

301. At what city on the Western coast do nearly all of the trans- 
continental railroads terminate? 

302. Distinguish between mathematical and climatic zones. 

303. Compare the intellectual status of the people of the diflerent 
zones. 

304. Mention the grand divisions of the world in order of size — 
in order of population. 

305. Name the leading ocean currents. 

306. Locate Odessa, Milan, San Diego, Khartoom, Bombay, 
Sidney, Shanghai, Kimberly. 

307. Name six vegetable imports to this country, and name the 
country most important in their production. 

308 Mention the counties of Arkansas that border on the Missis- 
sippi. 

309. Draw a map of the county in which you reside. Bound it. 

310. Locate the following cities: Pittsburg, St. Paul, Sacra- 
mento, Denver, Mobile, Milwaukee, Buffalo. 

311. Into what does the Tiber river flow? Name the large city 
near its mouth. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. i6i 

312. What grand divisions does Behring Strait separate? What 
bodies of water does it conect? 

313. Name three large islands of the West Indies. 

314. Name thre places in this State where battles were fought 
during the Texas Revolution. 

315. Name the political divisions of South America bordering 
on the Alantic. Name four large rivers of South America. 

316. Where is Annapolis? What national institution is located 
at this place? 

317. What four rivers drain the greater part of Africa? 

318. How many great circles extend north and south around 
the earth? How many extend east and west? Explain your answer. 

319. Mention three divisions of the subject of geography, and the 
province of each. 

320. Locate the following lakes: (a)Champlain, (b) Osego, 
(c) Great Salt, (d) Winnipeg, (e) Lake Geneva. 

321. Of what use are aprallels of latitude and meridians? 

322. Give an outlines of the animal life North America. 

323. Name six rivers of North America that flow into the At- 
lantic; four that flow into the pacific; two that flow into the Arctic. 

324. What are the leading industries of the people of North 
Carolina? 

325. Describe the surface of the State of Mississippi. 

326. Name the important rivers of Tennessee. 

327. Describe the surface of Italy. 

328. Name five or more important cities of Germany, and state 
something for which each is noted. 

329. What are the principal countries of Asia? What is the 
prevailing religion of Japan? Of Arabia? 

330. Describe Egypt. 

331. Give the history of the Transvaal and the Boers. 

332. Tell the location, climate, topography, flora and fauna of 
Brizil. 

333. Contrast the agricultural productions of the New England 
States with those of the Southern States. 

334. When should children begin the study of geography? Give 
reasons for your answer. 

335. Name the countries of Europe that have no sea coast and give 
their capitals. 

336. Name the States that surround Missouri, and tell the cap- 
ital of each. 



1 62 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

337. What and where are the following: (a)Tasmania, (b) 
Asuncion, (c) Nelson, (d) Azov, (e) L5^ons, (f) Ceylon, (g) 
Quito, (h) Crimea? 

338. Which is farther, 20 degrees east or 20 degrees south from 
the place where this examination is held? Give reason for your an- 

339. Name five of the most important mineral products of the 
United States. 

340. What form of government predominates in America? In 
Europe? In Asia? 

341. Bound Spain. Name its capital and three other important 
cities. 

342. Where are the Sandwich Island? What is the name of the 
most important island of this group? Name the largest city. 



PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 

1. State two of the proofs that the earth was in a molten condi- 
tion. 

2. Mention the important agencies that are producing changes 
in the earth's crust at the present time. 

3. Locate the most important watershed in the United States. 

4. What is the composition of water? Mention four important 
ofHces the waters of the earth perform. 

5. Describe the barometer, explain its action, and indicate its 
uses. 

6. Mention three conditions which may affect the rainfall of a 
place. What place in particular has the greatest annual rainfall 
on the globe? 

7. Show how the soil may affect materially the climate of a coun- 
try. 

8. What is a "divide?" Give an example of an important "di- / 
vide." 

9. What are marsupial animals, and where are they found in 
greatest numbers? 

10. Name five of the characteristic animals of Africa. \ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 163 

11. Expain the effect produced on the currents of the different 
oceans by the earth's rotations on its axis. 

12. How was the crust of the earth formed, and of what is it 
composed. 

13. Explain some the effects and value of ocean currents. 

14. Name some causes other than climate that may affect the 
pursuits and industries of a people. 

15. State the difference in insular and continental climate. 
What is the cause of the difference? 

16. Mention some desert regions and give causes of same. 

17. Give proofs of the rotundity of the earth. 

18. Why are very high mountains covered with perpetual snow? 

19. What are trade winds? How produced? 

20. Explain land and sea breezes. 

21. Explain the difference in the climate of Labrador and that of 
England. 

22. Explain the general circulation of the atmosphere. Give 
the main causes of the principal classes of winds. 

23. Account for the rainy and dry seasons of the tropics. 

24. What parts of the United States have the greatest and what 
the least amount of rainfall ? 

25. Describe the mountain systems of North America, and give 
the probable cause of the elevations and depressions, also the influence 
of mountains upon climate. 

26. Describe the manner in which rain, hail, snow, frost, dew, 
and clouds are formed. 

27. What are glaciers? icebergs? moraines? How produced? 

28. Upon what natural causes does the temperature of climate 
depend? How may artificial means modify climate? 

29. Explain fully the formation of deltas. Why do not all rivers 
have deltas? Name a large river that has a delta and one that has 
none. 

30. To what are the seasons due ? 

31. Describe the action of the magnetic needle in passing from the 
Equator to either pole; show what is meant by declination and incli- 
nation. 

3'2. Mention proofs of internal heat of the earth. 

33. Account for the existence of geysers. 

34. Why are there desert lands just east of the Rocky Moun- 
tains ? 



164 . Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

35. Describe the general topography of Africa, and account for 
the Sahara. 

36. At what temperature F. does water reach its maximum dens- 
ity? 

37. Account for difference of climate in Labrador and on same 
parallels on western coast of Europe. 

38. Describe the formation and nature of icebergs? of tornadoes? 

39. How are mountains produced ? How are they disposed ? 

40. Of what are coral islands composed ? In what kind of waters 
are they found? 

41. How does the sea-bottom compare with the surface of the 
land? 

42. What is the cause of ordinary waves of the sea? By what 
other causes are waves produced? 

43. Which is the best known of the ocean currents? Name some 
of the important influences of ocean currents. 

44. Explain how the atmosphere receives heat from the sun. 

45. Give a general account of the atmospheric circulation. 

46. Explain the cause of lightning, and name the different kinds 
of lightning. 

47. Give one or more characteristic plants, and one or more char- 
acteristic animals, of each of the zones. 

48. Describe the formation of a volcano. 

49. Describe sea waves caused by earthquakes; give historical ex- 
amples. 

50. What are plains? pampas? marine plains? alluvial plains? 

51. What is meant by relief? Give two important effects of 
relief. 

52. Give an outline for the discussion of islands. 

53. State the principal offices of rivers. 

54. Mention the two main causes of the oceanic circulation. 

55. Name three food plants, and give the range of each; name two 
plants used for clothing, and give the range of each. 

56. Discuss the distribution of land animals; give the range of 
the horse and ox. 

57. Give the home and characteristics of the Mongolian race. 

58. What is meant by surface drainage? by subterranean drain- 
age? 

59. What effect on the direction of winds has the earth's rotation ? 

60. What is meant by a northwest wind ? by a northwest current 
of water? 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 165 

61. Name the cereals; the food plants of the tropical regions. 

62. Name the principal classes of mammals. Mention the charac- 
teristics of mammals. 

63. On what geographical circle are the days and nights always of 
equal length ? Name a large city on this circle. 

64. What are deltas? How do they grow? Name two impor- 
tant rivers that have deltas. 

65. What river basin in America has the most luxuriant vegeta- 
ble growth? Explain the cause. 

66. When are days and nights of equal length in the temperate 
zones? Why is this so? 

67. Until what time in this latitude will the days grow longer? 

68. Give two of the common proofs why the earth is represented 
by a spherical body. 

69. State three ways in which islands are formed. 

70. Give the causes that determine the general circulation of the 
atmosphere. 

71. What effects has climate on the growth of civilization? Give 
some examples. 

72. What is erosion? How does it physically affect the outlines 
of a continent? 

73. What determines the range of animals? Name three animals 
that have a wide range. 

74. Name the different forms of water. 

75. Discuss the subject of rainfall in Texas, stating where it is 
greatest, and where least, with causes. 

76. What diastrous effects often attend the coniplete removal of 
forests from large areas? Explain. 

77. What causes the dense fogs off the coast of Newfoundland? 

78. Distinguish physical geography and descriptive geography. 

79. (a) Give three causes of the change of seasons, (b) Which 
of these determines the position of the Arctic circle? 

80. Name other branches to which physical geography sustains an 
important relation, and show how it is related to them. Give reasons, 
if there are any, for teaching physical geography as a branch of study. 

81. What are the sources and the offices of rivers? 

82. Where is the average height of mountains least? Where 
greatest? What are continental axes? 

83. State the causes and offices of ocean currents. Describe the 
Gulf Stream. 



1 66 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

84. Discuss briefly the conditions of plant growth and the distri- 
bution of plants. 

85. Name the general classes of animals, and give the characteris- 
tics of each class. 

86. How do you account for the formation of salt lakes? 

87. What conclusion respecting the earth's temperature has been 
drawn from observations made in wells and mines ? 

88. Where is the greatest volcanic region of the Western Conti- 
nent? 

89. How does the Amazon compare with other streams as to vol- 
ume of water? Why? 

90. Why is the summer of Northern Africa and Arabia so much 
warmer than the corresponding regions of the New World ? 

91. In what two continents are the richest gold mines? Name 
the chief gold and diamond producing countries of the world. 

92. What is meant by the autumnal and vernal equinoxes? 
When does each occur? 

93. What atmospheric phenomena accompany a violent eruption 
of a volcano ? 

94. Name a region in South America where there is scarcely any 
rainfall, and tell why this is so. 

95. What are isothermal lines? Why do they not coincide with 
parallels of latitude? 

96. In the processes involved from the time water leaves the 
ocean till it returns to the ocean, explain the following: 

{a) What force raises the water from the great water area 

of the world into the atmosphere? 
{b) If water gets into the atmosphere and is carried by it, 

is water heavier or lighter than atmosphere? 
{c) If heavier, how do you account for the fact that the 
heavier floats in and is carried by the lighter? 

(d) If lighter, why does it not rise and lie on top of the 
atmosphere ? 

(e) What causes are necessary to precipitate this atmos- 
pheric moisture in the form of rain? 

(f) What causes are necessary to make it fall in the form 
of hail? 

(g) In what three ways does it disappear after falling to the 
earth ? ^ 

(h) Since all sea water is salt, why is rain water not also 
salt? 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 167 

97. Explain why, when it is noon in Washington, it is some other 
hour in San Franci.ocs 

98. Account for the fact that some countries are sinking and 
others are rising, as in the case of Norway and Greenland. 

99. What would be the result upon the seasons if the ecliptic 
should coincide with the equator? 

100. At Hammerfest, Norway, the sun does not set a single time 
during a month or more. How do you account for this? 

lOi. Explain the formation of coal beds. 

loia. Explain why some lakes are salt. 

10 lb. What are the chief products of Alaska? 

102. What is meant by perpetual snow? The "snow line?" How 
does the latter vary? 

103. Explain the formation of the coral island. 

104. If the earth were nearer the sun, what effect would it have 
on the length of our year? 

105. If the inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of its orbit 
were 45 degrees, in stead of 233^, what would be the effect on 
the zones of the earth? 

106. Why is the ocean water in the tropics more strongly impreg- 
nated with saline substances, than nearer the poles? 

107. What is a cyclone? Where do they originate? What is the 
difference between cyclones in the northern and in the south- 
ern hemisphere? 

108. What is the difference between continefital and oceanic 
islands? May an oceanic island be near the continent? 

109. What is wind? Explain the causes of winds. 

no. Explain the cause of clouds, and name three kinds of clouds, 
describing each. 

111. Wind is sometimes said to "blow up clouds," and sometimes 
to drive them away. Explain. 

112. Explain why clods of earth crumble after a freeze, 

113. Mention three solids held in solution in sea-water. 

- 114. What is a sargasso sea? Locate two sargasso seas. 

115. Discuss the causes and nature of geysers. 

116. What is a fossil? What is the theory of coal formations? 

117. Define waves. State their causes. What are tides? By 
what are tides caused? 

118. What views are entertained in regard to the crust of the 
earth, its thickness, its composition, and temperature? 

119. Discuss briefly the relation between physical and political 
geography. 



1 68 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

1 20. Explain the formation of salt beds found below the sur- 
face of the earth in different parts of the world. Locate three 
such formations. 

121. Give the origin of icebergs. In what waters are they most 
frequently found? 

122. Why is not the rainfall equal in all parts of the world? 

123. What are volcanoes? Give theory as to their cause. Where 
are they most numerous? 

124. In the circulation of water, what force carries it down to 
the sea? What force carries it back to the land? 

125. Explain how dew is formed. 

126. Where is a great volcanic region of the Western Continent? 
Name three noted volcanoes of this region. 

127. Why is the water at the bottom of the sea generally colder 
than the surface water? 

128. Why does ice gather on the surface of a body of water rather 
than at the bottom? 

129. Classify each of the following animals: dog, parrot, frog, 
cow, snake, spider. 

130. Where do palms grow? 

131. At some remote period the earth is supposed to have been a 
molten mass. State three things that support this theory. 

132. Locate three of the great plateaus, and three of the great low 
plains of the world, 

133- Why are most inland waters fresh? Under what condi- 
tions are they salt? 

134. Where is the largest rainless region on the earth. Why are 
the Pacific coast countries of Bolivia and Peru rainless? 

135. What tonstitutes the flora of a country? 

136. State the most important evidences of the internal heat of the 
earth, and the most important results of such intenrnal heat. 

137. Name other branches to which physical geography sustains 
an important relation, and show how it is related to them. Give 
reasons, if there are any, for teaching physicial geography as a branch 
of study. 

138. Where is the average height of mountains least? Where 
greatest? What are continental axes? 

139. Describe the drainage system' of South America. 

140. Are the days getting longer or shorter? When will this 
change? Give the cause of the change. 

141. What is a planet? Into what classes are the planets divided? 
What motions have they? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 169 

142. Give your reasons for thinking the earth is a magnet. What 
is the main use of terrestrial magnetism? 

143. Name two places in the same latitude that have different 
isotherms. Tell why there is this difference. 

144. Explain why the "ocean of air" is disturbed at the bottom, 
while the "ocean of water" is disturbed on the top. 

145. Give two reasons why Europe has developed the highest 
degree of civilization. 

146. Give an advantage arising from the fact that water expands 
upon assuming the solid state. 

147. What and where are the tropics, and why are their boundary 
lines just where they are? 

148. What is the season at this time of }^ear in each zone? 

149. What is the cause of low barometer, and what does this con- 
dition of that instrument indicate? 

150. How do you explain the fact that day breezes are from the 
sea, while night breezes are from the land usually? 

151. Explain the terms; crater; atoll; avalanche; hailstorm; 
simoon; sirocco. 

151a. Explain fully the cause of tides. What is the relative posi- 
tion of sun, moon and earth during different kinds of tides? 

152. How do you account for the existence of the Sahara Desert? 

153. Name some evidences of extinct animal life. 

154. What theory is given for the flattening of the earth at the 
poles ? 

155. Name the two motions of the earth, and give the result of 
these motions. What other condition enters into the "change of 
seasons?" 

156. What is "weather?" "Climate?" 

157. (a) What natural conditions are necessaiy to life? Where 
are plant and animal life most abundant? 

(b) Explain how snow covering the earth keeps living plants 
warm. 

158. Tell of the Trade Winds; what causes them? What use do 
they serve in a commercial way? In nature? Why do they blow in 
certain directions? 

159. Describe the Gulf Stream; give its color, comparative tem- 
perature, width, velocity and uses. How do you account for its 
origin ? 

160. Describe the principle on which artesian wells operate. Why 
is it that in some places these wells are very deep and at other places 



170 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

comparatively shallow? Might the sources of artesian supply be 
hundreds of miles away? Might the water in passing from source 
to well pass entirely under a river? Why? 

161. Explain, by giving example and argument that climate has 
marked influence on both animal and vegetable life. 

162. Locate in a general way the great volcanic regions of the 
earth, 

163. How is the Red sea supplied with water? The Mediter- 
ranean ? 

164. Why should there be sand bars at the mouth of the Missis- 
sippi river and none in the mouth of the Amazon? Has this cause 
any relation to the formation of deltas? 

165. (a) What is ethnology? (b) Which is the most aggressive 
of the races? 

167. Explain the causes of periodical springs; of geysers. 
168. What is the origin of atmospheric circulation? 

169. Name four ways by which heat may be imparted to the at- 
mosphere. 

170. What would be the climatic effect of mountains in Sahara? 

171. How may a dissected plateau be distinguished from moun- 
tains ? 

172. Describe the fiords of Norway, and explain their occurrence. 

173. What is the usually accepted increment of temperature as 
the crust of the earth is penetrated? 

174. Exlain the occurrence in various regions of extended strata 
of rock formed by solidifying from a molten condition. 

175. Explain the origin of ordinary stratified rocks. 

176. What is the approximate difference in length of the polar 
and equatorial diameters of the earth? What is the cause of this 
difference? 

177. Account for the climate of Arabia. 

178. The same wind blows over North Africa and Southern 
Europe: why has the latter abundant rain, and why has the former 
ve>ry little? 

179. Explain why all lakes are necessarily temporary features, — 
that is, temporary in comparison with the rivers that form them. 

180. Explain the formation of true mountains. 

181. Why do the heat belts differ from zones? 

182. Locate the chief volcanic region of the earth, in the geolog- 
ical period to which the present time belongs. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 17 1 

183. (a) Define the terms transportation, deposit. 

(b) What is commonly the chief agency of these effects? 

(c) Give a notable instance where wind has been the 
chief agent. 

184. Name (a) five cereal plants, (b) three oil-yielding plants, 
(c) thre'e fibre-yielding plants, (d) three narcotic plants; and name 
in connection with each plant two regions where it is prominently 
cultivated. 

185. (a) What forces have acted, and are still acting, to change 
the relief of the land? (b) Which of these, if any, have been much 
more effective in past ages? 

186. (a) How is the origin of the ocean basins explained? 

(b) Compare the oce)ans and the land above sea level in 
respect to volume. 

187. Discuss the "level of the sea" and the causes of its variation. 

188. Mention not fewer than five different methods of plant 
migration. 

189. Mention the chief factors which control the distribution of 
different species of plants. 

190. Discuss the struggle for existence by plants. 

191. Describe briefly and explain the peculiarity of the plants and 
animals of the Australian Realm. 

192. Explain how the lower Mississippi formed banks that are 
generally higher than the surface of the adjacent vallej^ 

193. Explain clearly how the horseshoe and crescent shaped lakes, 
in which the lower Mississippi valley abounds, were formed. 

194. The course of the Colorado river is regardless or defiant of 
the present slopes and elevations of the region (flowing over moun- 
tains, contrary to slopes, etc.): what is the necessary explanation? 
(Be clear and not too brief). 

195. What would have been the effect upon the basin of the Colo- 
rado river and upon the Gulf of California if the rainfall in the basin 
had been through past ages like that of the Mississippi basin, instead 
of less than ten inches a year? 

196. Explain the formation of coastal plains. 

197. Explain why the tides are about 50 minutes later each day. 

198. Explain why the western slopes of the Andes, though in the 
torrid zone, are sterile, while the eastern slopes are covered with 
vegetation. 

199. Describe and account for the different climates of Maine 
and Oregon. 



172 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

200. Describe and explain the occurrence of the "drift sheet" 
that covers the greater part of the northern half of North America 
as far south as the Ohio and Missouri rivers. 

201. Distinguish between such islands as the British Isle and 
the Hawaiian Islands in regard to causes of formation, and name 
another island or group of islands of each class. 

202. . (a) Why does ice float, and what is the temperature of 
greatest denisty for water? 

(b) Why is the fact an important and useful provision of 
nature ? 

(c) Is water an exceptional substance in this regard? 



PHYSIOLOGY. 



1. Discuss the skeleton (a) as to uses, (b) as to kinds of 
bone, (c) as to composition of bones, (d) as to joints and their 
uses, (e) as to cartilage and ligaments, (f) show how the spinal 
column is so admirably adapted to its uses. 

2. Discuss muscles (a) as to number, (b) as to composition, 
(c) as to kind, (d) as to uses and how jointed to bones, (e) as 
to proper exercise, time for it, and amount necessary, (f) Name a 
suitable exercise for a shoemaker, for a bookkeeper. (g) What 
are the uses of fat? 

3. Discuss the skin (a) as to composition and layers, (b) 
Give four uses of the skin, (c) Describe the nails, the hair, the 
sweat and sebaceous glands, (d) Why is it necessary to bathe? 
How often should a person bathe? (e) Name five kinds of baths, 
and give the kind best suited to the average person; (f) which should 
bathe oftener, the farmer or the merchant? (g) Name three things 
that should guide a person in the selection of clothing. 

4. Discuss the digestive system: (a) Name and describe the 
organs, (b) name and describe the accessory organs, giving the 
functions of each, (c) name the two leading classes of food, giv- 
ing examples of each, (d) name the kinds of food and the amount 
an average person would eat in one day, (e) name carefully the 
different stages in the process of digestion of a piece of beefsteak; of 
a biscuit. 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 173 

5. (a) Describe the organs of circulation, (b) What are 
the functions of circulation? (c) Beginning in the thumb, trace 
carefuly the circulation of the blood to the thumb.' (d) How may 
the circulation of the blood be increased? How decreased? 

6. (a) Describe the organs of respiration, (b) What are 
the uses of respiration? (c) What connection has ventilation with 
respiration? (d) Name three ways in which the air may be purified. 

7. (a) What organs are specially affected by alcohol? 
How? (b) What organs are specially affected by tobacco? How? 
(c) What organs are specially affected by opium? How? 

8. (a) Name and describe the organs of the nervous system, 
(b) State carefully the function of each organ, (c) How may the 
organs be strengthened ? 

9. Name the kind of muscles as to volition. As to structure. 

10. Write the names of six important muscles and locate 
them. 

11. Name the classes of teeth as to duration. Name the 
uses of saliva. 

12. Define periosteum; pericardium. 

13. Name three points of difference between arteries and 
veins. 

14. Define secretion; excretion. What is the use of oil- 
glands ? 

15. Define and illustrate reflex action. What are the uses 
of the spinal cord? 

16. What should be the position of the light in reading or 
writing? How should one take care of the ear? 

17. Discuss the effect of opium on the human system; of 
beer. 

18. Define physiology, hygiene, anatomy. 

19. What is a tendon? What is a muscle? What is the 
strongest tendon in the body? 

20. What is the bone frame work of the body called? How many 
bones compose it? 

21. What is mastication? digestion? In what part of the 
body is each effected? 

> 22. In what parts of the world are oily matters used most 
extensively as articles of food ? Why is this so ? 

23. What would be the effect of restricting a person to one 
class of food? 

24. State two general effects upon growing children, of the 
constant use of tobacco. 



1/4 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

25. Where does the carbonic acid in the blood originate? 
How is it set free from the blood? 

26. What effect on the digestive organs has the excessive 
use of alcoholic drinks? What effect on the brain? 

27. Which is the most necessary to the life of an animal, the 
brain, spinal cord, or medulla oblongata? Give reason for your 
answer. 

28. Explain two systematic provisions in the structure of the 
skeleton by which the body is protected against being jarred. 

29. Why is it more tiresome to stand still than to walk? 

30. Food while in the stomach or intestines (the digestive tube) 
is Ideally still outside of the body, (a) By what means does food 
truly enter the body from the digestive tube? (b) Can any solid 
thus enter the body? (c) After growth has ceased, what becomes 
of the food that is assimulated every day; and what are the chief 
organs by which matter thus received is thrown off? 

31. The organs referred to in 30 (c) really discharge from the 
body a much greater mass of material than it receives by means of 
the digestive tube: explain this fact, which is the fundamental prin- 
ciple of the maintenance of all vital fores in all organisms living on 
this planet, from the hugest beast or tree to microscopic things. It 
is the very first principle of physiology. 

32. (a) What causes a "voluntary" muscle to act? (b) What 
causes an "involuntary" muscle to act? (c) Explain how the same 
muscle may at one time act voluntarily and at another involuntarily. 

23,- (a) What is meant by a "narcotic ?" (b) Name the principal 
narcotics. 

34. Name some book (not a text-book for pupils in elementary 
schools) that would be very helpful to a teacher of physiology. 

35. (a) Explain the change of arterial blood to venous blood, 
(b) Where does this change occur? 

36. (a) Explain the change of venous blood to arterial blood, 
(b) Where does this change occur? 

37. Classify foods with respect to chemical composition, and 
name for each class two articles of common diet that furnish such 
material. ^ 

38. In digestive processes what is the chief use of saliva, of gas- 
tric juice, of bile, of pancreatic juice? 

39. By what organ and how is each one of the digestive fluids 
just mentioned secreted, and how and where is each one discharged 
into the digestive tube? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 175 

40. Name and describe three different membranes and explain 
the function of each. 

41. State approximate!}^ the normal temperature of the human 
body, and explain how it is maintained at the same point (except 
in disease) in spite of varying external conditions. 

42. (a) Under ordinary conditions where do the nerve impulses 
that govern the muscles of the heart originate? 

(b) Explain how mental impulses can at times affect the 
action of those muscles. 

43. Trace the course by which the effect of an impression on the 
finger, causing a sensation in consciousness, is conveyed to the brain. 
Do not omit to state in what division of the brain the terminus of 
such a nerve impulse would be located. 

44. (a) What class of foods is rendered indigestible by alcohol? 
(b) What is the physiological explanation of the fact that 

the use of tobacco would tend to stunt the growth of children? 

45. Why is it so important that the teacher should have a good 
knowledge of Physiology? What should be the chief end in view in 
teaching this subject? 

46. Specify the injuries that may result from unsuitable desks and 
seats. 

47. Describe the ear, and explain the process of hearing. 

48. Name the three divisions or classifications of the bones of the 
skeleton. Give the composition of the bones. 

49. Give the structure of the skin. State briefly the reasons for 
bathing. 

50. Describe the heart, the arterial circulation, the venous circu- 
lation. 

51. Discuss the effects of the use of tobacco in its different forms. 

52. How does the oxygen of the air enter the blood? What or- 
gans are instrumental in the purification of the blood? 

53. Describe the structure of the teeth, and show briefly the 
necessity of giving them the proper care and attention. 

54. Why are certain bones hollow? Name three uses of bones, 

55. How are the bones tied together? 

56. Define: convulsions, lock-jaw, rheumatism. 

57. What is the best time for a bath? Why? Why is the sea 
bath so stimulating? 

58. Describe the effect of alcohol upon the lungs; upon the blood. 

59. What are the physiological effects of the use of tobacco ? Why 
are cigarettes especially injurious? 



176 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

6o. Describe the structure of the bones; of the joints. 

6i. What causes "bow-legs?" Describe a "sprain;" a "felon." 

62. Name the two kinds of glands found in the skin and give use 
of each. 

63. What are the capillaries, and of what use are they? 

64. Describe the general effect of alcohol upon the circulation 
of the blood. 

65. Describe the effect of narcotics on the circulation. 

66. Describe the brain; the spinal cord. 

67. What is the pericardiu?nf Explain the function of the 
periostium. 

68. Give the composition of the blood and state the functions 
of the red corpuscles. 

69. Explain how the use of tobacco interferes with digestion 
and impairs the digestive organs. 

70. Describe the diaphragm and state its office. 

71. Explain how the use of alcohol injures the brain. 

72. What keeps the body warm ? 

73. Name the bones of the arm and hand. 

74. What purposes are subserved by the enlargement of the bones 
at the points? 

75. What takes place in the air cells of the lungs when we 
breathe ? 

76. Name some of the evil effects of a poorly ventilated school- 
room. 

77. What is the function of motor nerves; of the sensory nerves? 
What is reflex action? 

78. Name three fluids, or "juices," that assist in digestion. 

79. Why is it injurious to use very cold or very hot drinks while 
eating ? 

80. What is the Eustachian tube, and what is its use? 

81. Describe the structure of the teeth. 

82. Tell something of the effect of alcohol on the tissues of the 
body. 

83. What is the diaphragm, where situated, and what is its use? 
What vital organs are above it and what below it? 

84. What would you do if the artery at the "pulse" should be 
severed with a knife? How would you know that an artery had 
been cut? 

85. Describe the "lesser circulation." 

86. Name two kinds of nerves and tell what is the office of each. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 177 

87. Describe the situation, surroundings, and functions of the 
liver. 

88. What substances are digested in the stomach? 

89. Trace the circulation of the blood. 

90. Name two uses of saliva. 

91. Describe fully the process of respiration, and show what ac- 
tion takes place in the lungs. 

92. What is the cause of the toper's red nose? 

93. Show how bad teeth may seriously inpair the health. 

94. Explain fully the effect of alcohol on the albuminoide. 

95. What two fluids assist in intestinal digestion? 

96. How would you prove that there is circulation in the bones? 

97. What are the uses of pain. 

98. How does anger injure digestion? 

99. Explain the utilities of the mechanism of the spinal column. 

100. Explain the respective functions of two kinds of glands that 
are dispersed through the skin. 

loi. Name in order the vessels by which the blood passes from the 
right side of the heart to the left side of the heart. 

102. What substance in the body is harder than bone ? 

103. (a) Why should we breathe through the nose rather than 
through the mouth? 

(b) Why does a hot foot-bath often relieve headache? 

104. (a) Explain the danger in encouraging children to walk 
at too early an age, 

(b) Of what use is the hair in the nostrils? 

(c) Of what use is ear wax, and what cautions should 
be given about removing it? 

105. (a) What is the name of the poisonous element in tobacco? 
(b) Name the two great classes of alcoholic liquors, and 

state which is the "stronger," that is, which contains the more alcohol. 

106. When a ventricle contracts, what prevents the blood in it 
from flowing back into the auricle? 

107. What useful purpose is served by the coagulation of blood? 

108. Which ventricle of the heart does the most work? Why? 

109. Why are the bones of children more liable to become miss- 
hapen than those of adults? 

no. In the human skeleton, how many pairs of ribs are there? 
How many pairs are floating ribs? What are floating ribs? 

112. What is the physiological necessity for bathing? 

113. What are the uses of the senses of taste and smell? 



178 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

114. Explain the effect of alcohol on the temperature of the 

human body. 

115. In what localities is the sense of touch the keenest? 

116. What is the mucous membrane? Where is it? 

117. What peculiar structure of the skull adds increased protec- 
tion to the brain? 

118. Mention three good reasons for teaching temperance in the 

school room. 

119. Why do the teeth decay? How should they be protected? 

120. Name three uses of the bones. 

121. What constitutes the nervous system? 

122. What effect on the moral sensibilities has the excessive use 
of alcohol? 

123. Why is a variety of food elements necessary to health and 

strength ? 

124. Why may not an old man's leg become bowed? Nearly all 
cowboy's legs are bowed; explain the cause. 

125. Explain what is meant by the terms "near-sighted," and 
"far-sighted." What is the shape of the eyeball in each case? What 
kind of glasses should be used for correction of the defect in each 
case ? 

126. What may be considered the vital organs? What is the 
office of each? 

127. Describe the effect of alcohol on the circulation. 

128. Name some evidences that nicotine is poisonous to the human 
system. 

129. Name and describe the covering of all bones, and explain its 
function. 

130. Name the membrane that lines the mouth and covers the 
tongue, and describe its characteristic glands. (Salivary glands are 
not to be mentioned here.) 

131. What is the synovial fluid, and what is its source, and what 
its utility? 

132. (a) In what kind of blood vessels has the blood a regu- 
larly intermittent motion? 

(b) Where and why is this sort of motion lost? 

(c) What is the use of the valves in the veins? 

133. (a) What vein conveys "arterial blood?" 

(b) What artery conveys "venous blood?" 

(c) Explain the characteristic color of the fluid (i) in the 
arteries, (2) in the veins, (3) in the lymphatics. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 170 

134. Explain the double function of the liver, thus accounting for 
its great size. (Do not be content with merely naming the two 
products of the liver's functional activities, but explain the use of each 
product.) 

135- (a) What different classes of food material must be com- 
prised in a wholesome diet? 

(b) Name two common articles of diet that are especially 
rich in each of the above mentioned classes of material. 

136. Why does one feel invigorated immediately after partaking 
of an alcoholic beverage? Does this fact indicate that it would be 
well to take such beverage before rather than after unusual exer- 
tion or exposure, and if not, why not? 

137. Define bronchitis, plurisy, pneumonia. 

138. Classify the bones of the hand and give the number of each 
class. 

139. What are tendons? What is their use? 

140. What are milk-teeth? How many? At what age do they 
appear ? 

141. About what per cent of each of the following is alcohol: 
Beer, Wine, Whisky? 

142. Name two minerals that our food should contain, and give 
their uses. 

143. What effect has alcohol and narcotics on the nerves? 

144. Upon what property does the power of a muscle to produce 
motion depend? 

145. Define: Connective tissue, perspiratory gland, periosteum, 
plura, atlas. 

146. Describe a muscle (voluntary). Mention the chief function 
of muscles. 

147. What are corpuscles of the blood? Of what use are they? 

148. What is the distinction between stimulants and narcotics? 
Name one or more stimulants, and one or more narcotics. 

149. What is animal heat? Explain how the temperature of the 
body ir regulated. 

150. How and where is meat digested? butter? 

151- Give the technical name for each of the following parts of 
the body : Wind-pipe, gullet, shoulder-blade, breast bone, thigh bone. 

152. How does the digested food pass from the alimentary canal 
into the circulation? 

153. How are we made conscious of the presence of sound ? 

154. Define the following terms: congestion, dislocation, absorp- 
tion. 



i8o Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

155. What would you do to stop bleeding from an artery? From 
a vein? Why? 

156. What cavities of the body are lined by the peritoneum? 
Which by the pleura? 

157. Describe the course of the portal circulation and its special 
function. 

158. How^ would you illustrate to a class that the final effect of a 
stimulant is the oppsite of stimulating? 

159. Tell what you mean by the peristaltic movements of the 
stomach. State the result of these movements. 

160. Describe the effects of alcohol on the corpuscles of the blood; 
on the stomach; on the liver. 

161. What is appendicitis? How caused? 

162. What is the lymph? Describe the system of lymph vessels 
and explain the manner and cause of the movement of the lymph 
they contain. 

163. What do you understand by the coagulation of blood? What 
useful purpose does it serve? 

164. What is a gland? Name, locate, and describe the functions 
of three of the largest glands in the human body. 

165. Foods may be classified with respect to chemical composition 
as proteids, hydrocarbons, and carbohydrates: name for each of these 
classes two articles of ordinary diet which furnish such materials. 

166. What two peculiarities of structure in the spinal column 
serve to prevent the transmission of shocks to the brain? 

167. What is the effect of alcohol upon the circulation of the 
blood? What is the effect of tobacco upon the rate of oxidation of 
tissues? Show how this explains the effect upon hunger. 

168. Distinguish between sensible and insensible perspiration. Ex- 
plain how perspiration cools the body. 

169. What difference is there in the muscular walls of the two 
sides of the heart? What adaptability to purpose in there in this 
construction ? 

170. Describe the largnx. 

171. Describe the physiological effect of opium. Of chloroform. 

172. How does lime find its way into the body? 

173. Mention the benefits of perspiration. 

174. Name the bones of the upper extremeties. 

175. Name and locate the cavities of the heart. 

176. Name the three coats of the eyeball. To which coat does 
the cornea belong? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 



i8i 



177. With which part of the ear is the mouth connected, and 
how? 

178. Which part of the nervous system is the seat of the intel- 
lect? Which part is the center of reflex action? 

179. Through what cavities of the heart does the blood flow in 
passing from the lungs to the capillaries of the system? 

180. In what part of the body is the sympathetic nervous system 
located ? 

181. State the effect of alcohol on the stomach. 

182. Explain the beneficial effects of a cold-water bath. 

183. Locate and describe the clavicle, the sternum and the scapula. 

184. What is meant by (a) the pulmonary circulation, (b) the 
portal circulation, (c) the systematic or greater circulation? 

185. Why do persons taking much exercise usually require more 
food than those exercising little? 

186. The muscles used in respiration are partly voluntary and 
partly involuntary. State the necessity for the provision. 

187. Mention three organs or classes of organs which perform 
their functions in time of sleep as well as in time of walking. 

188. Why should school give attention to physical culture? 

189. Describe the process of seeing. 

190. State the difference between the veins and arteries, using the 
following outline: walls, valves, elasticity, course of blood, color 
of blood. 

191. Name the bones of the trunk, and give the number of each 
kind. 

192. Explain how the hair and the nails grow. 

193' (^) Give threfe uses of the skeleton and show how it is 
adapted to these uses, (b) Name three kinds of joints and show the 
special use of each. 

194. What physicial exercises do you use in your school? Do 
you get satisfactory physical development? 

195. (a) Why should we wear woolen clothes in winter, and 
cotton in summer? (b) Why wear dark colored clothing in winter 
and light in summer? (c) In what way is bathing conducive to 
health ? 

196. Name and describe the lymphatic circulation and show its use. 

197. (a) Show how the vital forces are kept up while we sleep, 
(b) How do you distinguish between motor and sensory nerves? 

198. Describe the two inner chambers of the ear. 

199. Describe the pharynx, and name the openings from it. 



1 82 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

200. Explain how saliva is produced, and name all its uses. 

201. How does alcohol affect the mucous coat of the stomach? 

202. Name five of the cranial nerves, and give the function of 
each. 

203. Name the bones of the pelvis. Of what does the thorax con- 
sist? 

204. What characteristic property of muscle gives motion? 

205. Distinguish between organic and inorganic foods. 

206. Explain the fact that the smoking of tobacco decreases the 
weight of the smoker. 

207. Whiskey is often prescribed to pneumonia patients. Why? 
If the patient has been accustomed to drinking much wiskey, this 
medicine does him no good. Why? 

208. Define the following: spleen; vena cava; thoracic duct; 
pyloric orifice; patella. 

209. What effect does cleanliness of body have on the lungs? 

210. As to structure and freedom of motion show the differences 
and the similarities between the hip joint and the shoulder joint. 

211. What and where is the patellia ? The clavicle ? The scapula ? 
The spleen? The femur? 

212. It is claimed that a certain boy's growth was seriously hin- 
dered by excessive baseball playing. The boy is now 21 years old, 
and is no larger than he should have been at 14. Upon what basis 
can you justify the above named assumption? 

213. What are ganglia? Nerve filaments? Plexuses? 

214. Shov/ the physical process and the uses of respiration. 

215. A recent case of almost total reprobacy in a boy of 12 years 
was scientifically traced to the use of cigarettes. Upon what hypoth- 
esis would you explain the possibility of such a result? 

217. Describe the bones of the foot. 

218. Describe accurately the circulation of the blood from the 
time it leaves the right auricle till the time it returns there. 

219. What is Nature's process in repairing a broken bone? 

220. Not taking into consideration the pleasures they give, of 
what use are the senses of taste and smell? 

221. Discuss the offices of the lungs. 

222. What element of air is required or demanded in respira- 
tion? When is a room well ventilated? 

223. What purpose is served by the arrangement of muscles in 
pairs, the members of the pairs being opposite each other? 

224. In what way may tight clothing interfere with respiration? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 183 

225. Name and locate the organs by which the voice is produced. 

226. Define gout, pneumonia. 

227. State the evil effects of imperfect ventilation, and rebreath- 
fng the air contained in a room. 

228. What is inflammation? What are its characteristics? 

229. In amputating a limb, what part when dividing will cause 
the most intense pain? Why is this so? 

230. State the close relation which exists between the physical 
and mental condition. 

231. What quality of bone is due to its mineral ingredients? 
What to its animal ingredients? 

232. Explain the injurious effects of neglecting proper physical 
exercise. 

234. Name the different classes of teeth, and state the uses of each 
class. 

235. Trace the course of a portion of food from the time it en- 
ters the mouth until its nutritious parts enter the blood, and note 
the changes it undergoes from time to time. 

236. Describe/ the course of a ray of light in the eye. Name the 
parts through which it passes, and show how it is that we see. 

237. Outline as for class use the effects of alcohol upon the human 
system. 

238. State how breathing removes impurities from the blood. 

239. If the body came in contact with no external impurities would 
there be any necessity for bathing? Give reasons for your answer. 

240. Name four different organs of special sense. 

Methods of Management. 

1. Why should the teacher understand fully the laws of the 
child's physical health and growth? 

2. How is attention related to the act of learning? Give five 
rules for securing attention. 

3. What is meant by methods of instruction? How should 
methods of instruction vary? Distinguish between inductive and 
deductive methods. 

4. What should be the leading object of the teacher's work in 
instruction? What is meant by the Socratic method? 

5. Show the effect of the teacher's methods of instruction upon 
the character of pupils; the effect of methods of government upon 
character of pupils. . - 



184 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

61. Outline a course of study for the second year of the primary 
school. 

7. How much number work should an ordinary pupil seven or 
eight years of age be able to do the first year, or nine months, in 
school? Give reasons for or against confining him to numbers not 
greater than ten. 

8. State five conditions of easy control. 

9. What is meant by natural incentives? By artificial incentives? 
Which should be preferred? Name three of each kind. 

10. How may effective instruction in morals and manners be 
given to young children? 

11. Explain the difference between teaching and training. 

12. Name five of the most common methods in teaching children 
to read. 

13. Explain the advantage of instruction in phonics. 

14. Explain the Word Method of teaching children to read. 

15. What should be the teacher's purpose in teaching reading? 

16. State how a teacher may learn his pupil's names during the 
first day of school. 

17. How is moral resposibility best taught to children in school? 

18. Give reasons for teaching Long Division before Short Divis- 
ion. Give reason for reversing the order. 

19. How far and when should a pupil be assisted in preparing 
lessons ? 

20. What can you say regarding a teacher's tones in his school- 
room? 

21. Discuss: The qualifications of a successful school manager. 

22. What is the great purpose of the punishment to be used in 
the schools? Give a concrete example to show how you would seek 
to realize this purpose. 

23. Show how the discipline of the school trains the pupil's will. 

24. What materials for moral instruction can be used by the 
teacdhrs employed in the public schools? 

25. Show clearly how physical education is related to the ques- 
tion of school management. 

26. Discuss: Should pupils be required to report upon their 
own conduct at the close of each d-ay's session? 

27. Formulate five principles of school management. 

28. How is any power of the mind developed? \ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 185 

29. Why is it so important for the teacher to know the condi- 
tions of attention? 

31. What are the educational values of arithmetic? of grammar? 
of geography? of U. S. History? 

32. What do you consider to be a test of a good school? 

33. Can pleasure alone be relied on as a motive to induce pupils 
to study? 

34. Why should "language lessons" precede the study of teach- 
nical grammar? 

35. Name four elements of governing power which should be 
possessed by the teacher. 

36. Name two conditions under which a school may be easily 
controlled. 

37. Name four results to be secured by a good school in training 
students, which may be classed as school virtues. 

38. Discuss detention aft'er school ( i ) as a remedy for bad les- 
sons; (2) as a punishment for misconduct. 

39. What is meant by the terms teaching, learning? What 
preparation for the recitation should be made by the teacher? 

40. What purpose should the teacher have in mind in inflicting 
punishment? 

41. Name two duties to be performed by the teacher in the 
course of a recitation. 

42. What should be the purpose of reviews? Examinations? 

44. Name three important duties of trustees. 

45. What is meant by the object method in teaching? Illus- 
trate. 

46. To what extent should memory work be employed by pupils ? 

47. How would you secure from your school the best results from 



recesses 



48. Name three methods of penalty which you consider vicious; 
three which you consider proper. 

49. What are the dangers of talking too much on the part of 
teacher ? 

50. Is an honest examination always conducive of good to the 
pupil? Might an examination be no test of scholarship? Do you 
believe in catch questions, enigmas and unusual questions although 
bearing on the subject in hand. Why? 

51. Name some benefit derived from opening a qeustion to a 
whole room, allowing all who can to answer in unison: name some 



1 86 Teachers^ Guide and Ouestion Book. 

evils; name some benefits from directing your questions to individ- 
uals singly. 

52. Name some benefits resulting from wirtten exercises in all 
studies. Name some benefits resulting from oral class work. 

53. Would you advise a teacher to conduct a class by question 
and answer, or by naming a topic and requiring the pupil to discuss 
the entire paragraph without further questioning? 

54. What do you consider the greatest need of country schools? 
Of city schools? 

55.: Should holidays be observed five or six times a year as or- 
dered in the law, or should they be left optional with the trustees, 
or should they be totally disregarded. What objections to them? 
What benefits might accrue from due observance of them? 

56. What is meant by phonic analysis? Tell why you do or do 
not use it in your school. 

57. Illustrate the pedagogical rule.* Teaching should begin with 
the concrete, and then go to the abstract. 

58. Name two important considerations to be kept in view by the 
teacher when he makes his daily school program. 

59. Explain the difference between the use of the text book and 
fts abuse by the teacher. 

60. Explain how you would teach a class the area of a plane 
surface 4 feet by 5 feet. 

61. Show the value of the teacher's having a definite aim in each 
recitation he conducts. Show that the pupil also should have a 
definite aim to guide him. 

62. Show the place habit occupies in education. 

63. How far does the authority of the teacher extend? 

64. Name threje reasons for the differences in the ability of 
children. 

65. What is the special end to be attained in teaching (a) pri- 
mary reading; (b) advanced reading? 

66. In early instruction in numbers, which should precede, the 
reason or the process? Why? 

67. Mention two of the most important things to be observed in 
assigning lessons. 

68. What is the mental effect of- the study of arithmetic? 

69. Suggest means for "bringing out" weak and timid pupils. 

70. Why should the daily program provide a time for the^study 
of each lesson? 

71. State objections to threats by the teacher. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 187 

72. State arguments in favor of administering punishment in 
private. 

73. What advantages may the teacher gain by communication 
with parents concerning the management and correction of a pupil? 

74. Explain how to teach that the blood circulates. 

75. Explain how to conduct an exercise in spelling, designed to 
teach, in connection with the spelling of each word, its pronunciation, 
meaning, and use. 

76. Explain how to give a class the first lesson in geography. 

77. Show how the table of square measures should be taught. 

78. To what practice with respect to breathing while reading 
should pupils be trained ? 

79. What are the advantages in teaching the so-called "prin- 
ciples" in writing? 

80. What is discipline? teaching? education? 

81. Name some important duties of the parent that may aid both 
teacher and pupil. 

82. By what methods may the child be taught to use correct 
language ? 

83. Which should be given first, the definition or the illustra- 
tion ? Why ? 

84. Name five qualities a teacher should possess. 

85. Suggest means by which the school-room may be made at- 
tractive. 

86. Mention some methods for inducing indolent pupils to em- 
ploy themselves. 

87. How may morals and manners be taught in the school-room? 

88. In a primary sohool, how often should recess be given? Give 
reasons for answer. 

89. How many recitations in a day should be arranged for small 
children? How should these recitations be distributed through the 
day? 

90. What items of information concerning each pupil should the 
teacher's register show? 

9 1. At what stage of the pupil's advancement should he begin 
the study of United States History? 

92. How can a class in physiology best be taught that a bone is 
composed of both mineral and animal matter? 

93. Explain how to teach that ^4=.75. 

94. What is the sentence method of teaching reading to begin- 
ners? What are the advantages and the disadvantages of this 
method ? 



1 88 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

95. What is the most common fault with children in reading 
poetry, and how may it be corrected? 

96. Show how to teach the distinction between proper nouns and 
common nouns. 

97. In a school of several grades under the care of one teacher, 
what should be done with the beginners while other classes are re- 
citing? 

98. State one argument against the alphabetic method of teach- 
ing beginners to read. 

99. A pupil has just learned the definition of an adverb. State 
the question you would ask and the answers you would expect in 
teaching him that in the -expression, "The caravan rnoved slowly," 
slowly is an adverb. 

100. Explain how to teach the definitions of mountain, island and 
river to a pupil that never saw such objects. 

lOi. What is good order in the school room? What qualifica- 
tions of the teacher aid him materially in securing good order? 

102. Show the advantages of having a daily recitation programme 
for your room. 

103. Show the advantages of having a daily study programme 
for your room. 

104. Discuss differences in the management of children of dif- 
ferent temperaments. 

105. Discuss firmness in the teacher as an element of governing 
power; justice. 

106. Explain the evils of relying upon fear to govern children. 

107. State the characteristics of a proper question for use by the 
teacher in his daily class work. 

108. In what tone of voice should the teacher speak to pupils? 
Give reasons for your answer. 

109. Explain the importance of special preparation on the part of 
the teacher for each recitation. 

1 10. Discuss the subject of incentives to study. 

111. Give reasons against requiring a pupil to commit to memory 
a statement or definition he does not understand. 

112. State the effect upon pupils, (2) of frequent censure by the 
teacher, and (b) of indiscrimiate praise. 

113. What besides instruction is involved in good teaching? 

114. How do you prevent talking in school? 

115. How do you secure regular attendance? 

116. What attention should be given to cultivation of the will? 
With what object in view? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 189 

117. Mention the means teachers may use in the cultivation of 
a pupil's will. 

118. State reasons for making the cultivation of the sensibilities 
a distinct object, and mention some of the means for such cultiva- 
tion. 

119. State briefly the arrangements made before your school be- 
gins for its opening. 

120. State briefly your plan of organizing your school, that is, 
what you do the first half day. 

121. Do you allow whispering during school hours? If so, to 
what extent? If not, how do you prevent it? 

122. How do you induce the trustees of your school to supply the 
necessary school supplies ; such as a globe, black-boards, crayon, etc. ? 

123. What method do you employ to induce your pupils to keep 
posted on the current events? 

124. Do you administer corporal punishment? Why? 

125. Write the history of a day in school, showing briefly your 
plan of work. (Thirty or more lines.) 

126. How would you cultivate a taste for good reading? 

127. Should a pupil in one of the lower grades be told to "read It 
again and see if he can do better?" Why? 

128. How do you prevent pupils in reading from repeating the 
words without getting the thought? 

129. Should pupils be required to spell lists of words without 
knowing their meaning and how to use them? Why? 

130. How do you teach the use of language, and to pupils of what 
advancement ? 

131. Mention two good methods to secure regularity of attend- 
ance. 

132. What attention should the teacher give to the pupils dur- 
ing recess? 

133. Show how you would teach that '^-{-^^=^1^0. 

134. If the lesson is not well prepared today, is it best to have 
the same lesson for tomorrow? Give reasons for your answer. 

135. State reasons for and against the giving of prizes in school. 

136. What are the best methods of training the child to use cor- 
rect language? 

137. Name three aims or purposes for which a county institute 
should be conducted. 

138. Discuss briefly the relation of the teacher to the parents of 
pupils. 



190 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

139. Mention three duties that the teacher owes to others of the 
profession. 

140. Define discipline. 

141. Which should receive the more attention, oral or written 
spelling? Why? 

142. Mention three proper incentives to study; two improper ones 
that are frequently observed. 

143. To what extent may pupils be put upon their honor in the 
government of a school? 

144. State three of the requisites of suitable and proper school 
grounds. 

145. What besides instruction is involved in correct teaching? 

146. State three purposes of putting questions to pupils. 

147. Mention two objects a teacher should aim to secure in school 
organization. 

148. What is the chief advantage in copying words in spelling? 

149. Give a reason for teaching syllabication of words in spelling. 

150. State the advantages of pleasant and suitable school grounds. 

151. Name and define each of the three great departments of men- 
tal powers. 

152. Mention some means of cultivating partiotism; kindness. 

153. How should the primary truths of every science be taught? 

154. Give questions to be asked and answers to be expected in 
teaching the definition of a noun. 

155. Give a list of supplies needed by a teacher in an elementary 
school. State the use to be made of each article. 

156. Write a course of study for the fourth year of school. 

157. Mention some means for securing the co-operation of parents. 

158. Discuss or criticise Dr. Baldwin's "School Management" or 
some other work on the same subject. 

159. Mention some of the obstacles in the way of grading coun- 
try schools. Suggest methods of obviating them in whole or in part. 

160. What are the characteristics of effective punishments? 

161. What movements of pupils should be embraced in a system 
that seeks properly to regulate the school? 

162. Mention the considerations that should receive attention in 
seating pupils. 

163. Explain how school- rooms should be lighted. 

164. State three ends to be attained by the use of objects in 
teaching. 

165. Explain what is meant by the inductive method of mental 
work. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 191 

166. Name three or more of the products of right education. 

167. How many recitations in a day should be arranged for small 
children? How should these recitations be distributeld through 
the day? 

168. At what stage of the pupil's advancement should he begin 
the study of United States History? 

169. How can a class in physiology best be taught that a bone is 
composed of both mineral and animal matter. 

170. What is the sentence method of teaching reading to begin- 
ners? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method? 

171. Show how to teach the distinction between proper nouns 
and common nouns. 

172. State two good rules that should always be observed in 
criticising pupils in class work. 

173. In subtracting 205 from 501 how would you explain to a 
class the reason for each step? 

174. Explain some of the dangers in the use of diagrams in the 
analysis of the English sentence. 

175. What is the real value of map drawing in teaching the sub- 
ject of geography? 

176. What is meant by mental power? How is any mental 
power properly strengthened and developed ? 

177. Why should objects be used extensively in primary teach- 
ing? 

178. Give two common causes of injury to the eyes of pupils. 

179. To what points should a teacher give careful attention in 
selecting a school? In making the contract? 

180. What can a teacher do before his school opens to make his 
success with the school easier? 

181. What intellectual elements are especially valuable to the 
teacher in school government? 

182. How should teachers "watch" their pupils? 

183. Discuss the importance of definite, simple, and well under- 
stood plans for calling and dismissing classes and directing other 
movements of pupils. 

184. Explain briefly how the study of psychology is helpful to the 
teacher. 

185. Show the importance of regular attendance, and mention 
some important means of securing it. 

186. Explain the necessity of having a course of study. 

187. Name five works on education that should be read by the 
teacher. 



192 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

1 88. Show briefly the best method of teaching how to reduce 
3 bushels, 2 pecks, 5 quarts to quarts. 

189. Discuss the teacher's duties at recess. 

190. Mention the best means the teacher may employ to secure 
the regular attendance of the pupils. 

181. What is the prime purpose of drawing in the public schools? 

192. Why should pupils be required to solve many promiscuous 
problems? 

193. State the ethical value of music as a school exercise. 

194. Show how good scholarship of the teacher is an element 
of governing power. 

195. State the underlying principles that should govern the ad- 
ministering of punishment. 

196. Explain the difference between counting and adding. 

197. State three things which a teacher should guard against in 
asking questions of his classes. 

198. Show wherein or how a practical system of ph)^sical culture 
in school would tend to good order during school. 

199. Name some practical method other than mere maps or pic- 
tures by which you would make a child understand the general 
topography of any countrj''. 

200. What method would you employ in securing neatness of 
person and books and of papers on the part of pupils. 

201. The department has had many letters recently asking 
whether school officers can legally enforce a rule prohibiting pupils 
from attending balls, parties, sociables, and amusements on week 
nights. If you and your trustees had no power to correct this evil 
by forbidding attendance upon such places, how would you correct 
the evil result in 3^our school? 

202. Would 3^ou favor a midwinter county normal of a week? 

203. What daily lessons of hygiene would you impress upon 3^our 
pupils? 

204. What is the most effectual means of which you know for 
the prevention of tardiness? 

205. In a large class what methods do }'ou use for keeping con- 
centrated attention to the lesson? 

206. Discuss the signification of suggestion and imitation in the 
work of education. 

207. (a) Mention two important purposes in teaching arithiiietic. 
(b) What special advantages are to be derived from the study of 
mental arithmetic? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 103 

208. Give a good plan for opening exercises suitable for an 
ungraded rural school. 

209. Mention three things that should always be taken into con- 
sideration in determining the promotion of pupils. 

210. State the reasons upon which each of the following educa- 
tional maxims is based: (a) From the concrete to the abstract, 
(b) From facts to principles. 

211. State three conditions that should mainly determine the 
length of time for the recitation. Give reasons. 

212. 212. What is one of the best tests or evidences that a pupil 
understands his lesson? 

213. Which is the more important factor in teaching, the method 
or the teacher? Give argument. 

214. What is obedience as distinguished from mere submission to 
authority ? 

2 1 5. What is study as distinguished from the mere preparation 
of lessons to be recited ? 

216. What is meant by the term "Mental Arithmetic?" Do you 
think a text book in Mental Arithmetic could be advantageously used 
in the hands of the pupils, or would some of the essential purposes 
of such exercises be thus defeated? (Do not fail to state the reasons 
for your answer.) 

217. Discuss school examinations as to their proper objects, scope, 
length, frequency, and method. 

218. What various results do you aim at in your teaching of com- 
position? Describe your methods. 

219. State what you deem the essential elements of governing 
power on the part of a teacher. 

220. What is a general concept? How is it formed? 

221. Name five prominent educators, and mention an educational 
work written by each of them. 

222. State the substance of some article on an educational topic 
that you have read in a school journal within the last three months. 
What school journals do you take and read regularly? Name some 
valuable pedagogical works that you possess. 

223. What faculties of mind are most active in the six-year-old 
child ? What use should the primary teacher make of this knowledge? 

224. What is meant by each of the following educational maxims: 
(a) Ideas before words, (b) From the known to the related un- 
known^ 

225. Make a topical outline for teaching the geography of Texas. 



194 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

226. At what stage of advancement should map drawing be begun 
in a geography class? What points should be emphasized in teaching 
map drawing? 

227. Name three of the difficulties you have encountered in the 
grading of a school, and say how you have met these difficulties. 

228. Name three obligations which every teacher owes to the 
state in his every-day teaching, having reference to methods in his 
classes. 

229. Spencer says: "As a final test by which to judge any plan 
of culture should come the question, 'Does it create a pleasureable ex- 
citement in the pupils?' " Justify his statement. 

230. In Roark's Method of Education we find the old A — B — C 
method of teaching small children their letters condemned on the 
following grounds: To the children it is Uninteresting, Unnatural, 
Wasteful. Justify this position. 

231. In Landon's School Management we find great stress at- 
tached to teaching geography by stories, pictures, imaginary journeys, 
and history. Show the value of each of these devices. 

232. Give an illustration of teaching Arithmetic synthetically; 
analytically. 

233. What considerations would guide you in selecting passages 
to be memorized by pupils? 

234. What is the most important reason for requiring the ready 
obedience of the pupil ? 

235. What is meant by "educational valuees?" Compare the ed- 
ucational value of the natural history sciences with that of mathe- 
matics. 

236. What principles should govern in the construction of a logical 
course of study? 

237. Illustrate the method of combining the subject matter of 
different branches of study in one exercise. Explain the value of so 
doing, and note abuses to be avoided. 

238. What is the office of the text-book? Show the value of the 
text-book, and give cautions against its abuse. 

239. Describe a suitable school house in a rural district — including 
considerations in location, character and proper care of grounds, con- 
struction of building, and equipment needed for efficient teaching. 

240. For the first three years of the common school course what 
is the most important study? Fully explain your opinion. 

241. Compare the merits of the "word method" and the "phonic" 
method of teaching beginners tg read. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 195 

242. Are many children naturally lazy; if not, why do so many 
become lazy in school? (Do not answer too briefly.) 

243. Discuss the disadvantages of requiring "home study" at a 
stage earlier than the last grade of the elemental school. 

244. "Develop the idea, then give the term" ; explain this maxim, 
and briefly describe an application in a lesson in "percentage." 

245. Why should objects to be used in teaching, and at what 
stages are they most needed ? 

246. Assigning six j^ears for the course of study in the elementary 
school and four years to that of the high school, what should deter- 
mine the promotion of pupils (a) in the first three grades, (b) in the 
next three grades, (c) in the high school? 

247. In the first teaching of geography, should the subject matter 
belong principally to political or to physical geography? The ansv/er 
must explain tvhy — briefly but clearly. 

248. If the size of the school districts in a populous county are 
too small (only one or two small schools in a district), explain how 
the consolidation of two or more into one district may be made the 
means of dealing successfully with the difficulty of teaching pupils 
advanced beyond the sixth grade of a good course of study. 

249. Mention four important sanitary conditions of the school 
room that claim the teacher's attention. 

250. In examining written work in arithmetic, what should be 
considered in addition to accuracy of computation? 

251. Mention good results arising from requiring pupils to repro- 
duce reading lessons in their own language. 

252. Outline what you consider the best course of study, prac- 
ticable under ordinary conditions in Texas, for each grade in the 
elementary school in a system comprising six grades for the elemen- 
tary school, followed by four years of high school studies. 



PHYSICS. 



1. What force gives a body weight? 

2. What effect on the running of a clock is produced by shortening 
the pendulum? 

3. According to the accepted theories of light and sound, why is 
it that light can traverse a vacuum, while sound cannot do so 



ir>6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

4. Explain why the air in a room seems to become dtyer as it 
becomes warmer. 

5. A weight of 60 pounds at one end of a lever of the first-class 
12 feet long, balances a weight of 180 pounds at the other end. How 
far is the smaller weight from the fulcrum? 

6. Explain the principle of the hydi'aulic press. 

7. What is the specific gravity of a body that weighs a fourth as 
much in water as in air? 

8. Define (a) matter, (b) substance, (c) atom, (d) inertia, 
(e) porosit}', (f) adhesion, (g) cohesion. 

9. Is perpetual motion possible? Give reasons for your answer. 

10. Find the length of a lever of the first-class with which a man, 
wieghing 150 pounds maj" lift 2400 pounds, the weight's distance 
from fulcrum being 8 iijches. 

11. Explain the common suction pump. 

12. What degree of heat is shown by the centigrade thermometer 
when Fahrenheit's shows 78 degrees? 

13. Explain how ice cream is made. 

14. Give some properties of the air that ma}' be illustrated 
h_v the air pump. 

15. ^Mention three ways by which heat may be transferred from 
one body to another, and give example of each. 

16. Define motion, momentum. State three laws of motion. 

17. Why will some liquids wet one's hands when immersed in 
them, while others will not? 

18. Distinguish between mass and weight. What is the center 
of gravitj- of a body? 

19. State the law of mechanics. Two persons are carrjang a 
weight of 300 pounds hanging between them on a pole 8 feet long. 
Where should the weight be placed that one maj^ carry only 90 
pounds ? 

20. The water in the reservoir of a cit}^ stands 90 feet above one 
of the fountains in the cit}-. What is the pressure on a square Inch 
of the pipe at the fountain? 

21. What is an air pump? 

22. What is a mirror? Name the three kinds of mirrors. 

23. . On a high mountain, potatoees can not be boiled in an open 
vessel of water. State clearly wh}- this is true. 

24. Why should fire pokers have wooden handles? 

25. Why does a nail grow warm upon being pounded wit)i a 
hammer ? 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 19*7 

26. What principle of physics explains why a person is able to 
"kick the mud off his shoes?" 

27. Machines do not "gain force." Explain, some of the 
advantages gained by using machines. 

28. What kind of a machine is a claw hammer when used to pull 
a nail? What advantage is gained by it? 

29. Explain convection in liquids. 

30. When the mercury in a Fahrenheit thermometer stands at 
40 degrees, what does a Centigrade thermometer at the same place 
register ? 

31. Explain the process of electro-plating. / 

32. Upon what principle does a "pop-gun" work? 

23. Explain why the water stands at the same height in the spout 
of a teapot as in the body of it. 

34. State what is known as Boyle's or Mariotte's law of the com- 
pressibility of gases. 

35. What is the kinetic energy of a body, and how is it found? 

36. Under what conditions is the image formed by a concave 
mirror larger than the object? 

37. Of what use are relays on telegraph lines? 

38. Describe the arc lamp, and explain its action. 

39. Mention three circumstances that will affect the temperature 
at which water will boil. 

40. What are the three states of matter? Distinguish them. 

41. Describe particularly an experiment which will illustrate the 
impenetrability of matter. 

42. A vessel is propelled by an engine at the rate of 20 miles an 
hour due east, and at the same time she is driven due north by a gale 
at the rate of 5 miles an hour. Show by a diagram what the course 
of the vessel will be. 

43. What is a luminous body? State whether each of the follow- 
ing bodies is luminous or non-luminous: (a) a clear lake of water; 
(b) a diamond; (c) gold leaf; (d) a red-hot wire. 

44. Explain the cause of the shrinkage in wood while drying. 
Define capillary attraction and mention one of its practical applica- 
tions. 

45. How may it be shown that air has (a) weight, (b) elasticity? 

46. Define elasticity, and give examples to illustrate same. 

47. Draw diagram and explain the principle upon which artesian 
wells depend. 

48. To what is the weight of the water displaced by a floating 
body equal? 



198 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

49. What is the pressure of the atmosphere per square Inch at the 
sea level? Why are we not sensible of this pressure? 
' 50. What is the distinction between a real and a virtual image? 

51. Mention three different ways of producing electricity. 

52. Distinguish betwen mass and weight. 

53. Mention three of the general properties of matter. 

54. In warm weather water gathers on the outside of a pitcher of 
cold water; explain the cause. 

55. A stone thrown from the top of a tower strikes the ground 
in 55^ seconds; what is the height of the tower? 

56. What is a pendulum? Gives its laws. 

57. What weight can a man raise with a lever of the first-class, 
whose long arm is 12 feet and short arm 16 inches, the weight of the 
man being 150 pounds? 

58. What is refraction? What is reflection? 

59. Why is salt mixed with ice in freezing ice cream? 

60. What is a lens? Give names of all the different kinds of 
lenses. 

61. Define physics j molecule, weight. 

62. Explain the application of convection in warming a room. 

63. Why does a piece of oil-cloth feel colder than the carpet of a 
room when both are subjected to the same conditions of temperature? 

64. What is snow; hail; frost? Why is snow advantageous to 
winter grain? 

65. How may a bar of soft iron be made a temporary magnet? 

66. What is sound? With what velocity does it travel? What 
is an echo? 

67. State clearly or illustrate the law of the diminution of light 
as distance from the source increases. 

68. Find the specific gravity of a stone that weighs 3200 pounds 
in air and 1250 pounds in water. 

69. Show by a diagram the necessary parts of the common force 
pump. 

70. Has air any weight? State reasons for your answer. 

71. How is momentum computed? 

72. A cubic foot of water weighs 62^^ pounds. What is the 
pressure upon the bottom of a tank which is ten feet square and ten 
feet high, the tank being full of water? 

73. Discuss (a) liquids, (b) solids, (c) gases, as to their power 
of conducting heat. 

74. Mention three conditions of vibrating strings which affect 
the number of vibrations. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 199 

75. (a) Why are bodies visible? (b) What is a transparent 
body ? What is a translucent body ? 

76. Distinguish between the general and specific properties of 
matter. Give an example of each, 

77. Distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal force; be- 
tween kinetic and potential energy. 

78. How far will a body rise which is thrown up with a velocity 
of 2400 feet? 

79. What distance should there be between the threads of a screw 
to enable a power of 25 pounds, acting on a handle 3 feet long, to 
lift a ton? 

80. What number of movable pulleys would be required to lift 
a weight of 200 pounds by a power of 25 pounds? 

81. Describe the common lifting pump; the force pump. 

82., Upon what does the velocity of sound depend? How are 
echoes produced? 

83. Give the laws of refraction of light. Illustrate by diagram. 

84. What is the theory of eletcricity? Define a conductor; an in- 
sulator. Name a substance which is a good conductor; a good insu- 
lator. 

85. Define equilibrium. Name and illustrate examples of the 
different kinds. 

86. The gate of a canal is 30 feet wide and 16 feet high. When 
the water is 10 fet deep in the canal what is the amount of pressure 
on the gate? 

87. What is a thermometer? Explain its construction. 

88. Explain the meaning of intensity of sound; the meaning of 
pitch. 

89. Mention three laws governing the refraction of light. 

90. What is an electro magnet? Upon what principle does the 
electric telegraph work? 

91. A body weight 6000 pounds at the surface of the earth; were 
it possible to weigh the same body on a pair of platform scales 12,000 
miles above the surface of the earth, what weight would be indicated 
on the scales? 

92. State the laws of falling bodies. How far will a body fall 
in nine seconds? How far willit fall the ninth second? 

93. A clock gains time ; what change should be made in the pen- 
dulum? Two pendulums are respectively 25 and 49 inches long; 
how do the times of their vibration compare? 

94. How can gold, iron, silver, and other metals be made to 
float on water? Explain the principles of the hydraulic press. 



200 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

95. What is meant by a "freezing mixture?" How is ice manu- 
factured ? 

96. Distinguish between translucent, transparent and opaque 
bodies. Give an example of each. What is the solar spectrum? 

97. What is a magnet? Name two kinds of magnets. What is 
a galvanometer? Explain its construction. 

98. What is a body? Name six or more properties of matter. 

99. Describe the three kinds of lever, giving positions of power, 
fulcrum, long arm, and short arm, and illustrate with proper diagram. 

100. The length of a lever is 12 feet; what must be the length 
of each arm when a power of 40 pounds will raise a ewight of 1200 
pounds? State the law of equilibrium. 

lOi. How may the specific gravity of a body heavier than water 
be found? Lighter than water? 

102. Describe the Fahrenheit thermometer, and explain the prin- 
ciple upon which temperature is determined. When this thermometer 
reads 87 what is the reading on the Centigrade? 

103. Explain the undulatory theory of light, and name the dif- 
ferent classes into which bodies are divided in respect to the transmis- 
sion of light. 

104. Name and describe the three great forces of nature. 

105. If a person stoops forward while standing with his heels 
against a wall, why does he fall ? 

106. Name three forces acting upon a ball thrown into the air. 

107. What force drives the air into the lungs? 

108. The engine of a vessel propels her due north at the rate of 16 
miles an hour, and at the same time the wind drives her due west at 
the rate of 12 miles an hour. Show by a diagram what her course 
wil be, and tell how far she will go in three hours. 

109. Why does a piece of wood wholly immersed in water tend to 
rise ? With what force does it tend to rise ? 

1 10. Explain why oil will float on water, and sink in alcohol, 

111. What is meant by capillary attraction? Give a common 
and practical example of it. 

112. Define and give an example of a physical change; of a chem- 
ical change. 

113. Distinguish between gravitation and gravity. 

114. How much weight is lost by a body submerged in water? 
Explain fully. 

115. Describe the mercurial barometer. What changes would 
there be in the reading of a barometer in passing from the sea level 
to the top of a mountain? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 2oi 

1 1 6. When a Fahrenheit thermometer indicates a temperature of 
lOO degrees, what will be the reading of a centigrade at the same 
place ? 

117. State the principal conditions which materially influence the 
rapidity of evaporation. Upon what does the precipitation of rain 
depend ? 

J 1 8. State the wave theory of light and one of the evidences that 
supports the theory. Show by diagrams the effect upon parallel rays 
of light passing through a convex lens. 

119. State briefly the construction of the Edison phonograph. 

120. Show how the screw is a modification of the inclined plane. 
Give the law of the screw. 

121. A passenger train moves at a rate of 20 miles per hour. The 
baggage-master throws a package perpendicular to the track with a 
velocity of 20 feet per second ; what velocity is given to the package 
at the beginning of its flight? 

122. When the rnercury in the barometer stands at 29 inches, at 
what height will a column of water be supported by the atmosphere? 

123. The exact weight of a body can not be found by weighing it 
in the air. Why? 

124. The extreme range of temperature of a place is 185 degrees 
Fahrenheit. Express this in degrees Reaumur. Also, express o de- 
grees Fahrnheit on the centigrade scale. 

125. We can see the sun before it rises and after it sets. Why? 

126. What are over-tones? State the laws that govern the vibra- 
tions of strings. 

127. What is the Leyden jar? Voltaic cell? Name some physi- 
cal effects of electricity. 

128. A force is sufficient to raise 8250 pounds 176 feet in 4 min- 
utes. How many horsepower is this ? 

129. (a) Name and define five general properties of matter, (b) 
five specific. 

130. (a) Give the three laws of motion and give a special appli- 
cation of each law. (b) Two mules weigh 1,100 lbs. and 1,300 lbs. 
respectively. The double-tree is 6 feet long. At what point should 
the double-tree be attached to the plow so as to have the mules pull 
according to their weight? 

131. (a) What is th specific gravity of rock when one cubic 
foot of it weighs 320 lbs.? (b) If one gallon of alcohol weighs 7 
lbs. what is its specific gravity? 



ao2 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

132. (a) Define specific heat. Why is it that one heat unit will 
raise one' pound of water only one degree, while it will raise one 
pound of lead 33 degrees? (b) An iron ball weighing 5 lbs. strikes 
a solid wall with a velocity of 500 feet per second. How much heat 
would be produced if the ball could be stopped suddenly and all its 
kinetic energy be converted into heat? 

133- (b) How many Grove cells will it take to produce a sixteen 
candle power electric light ; and what is the best arrangement of the 
cells for this purpose? 

134. A body on the surface of the earth weighs 3600 pounds. 
Would a different weight in the same body be shown if weighed 
with a pair of platform scales on a mountain six miles high? Why? 

135. A clock gains time; what change should be made in the 
pendulum? Two pendulums are respectively 36 and 81 inches long; 
how do the times of their vibrations compare? 

136. How may gold, silver, iron, and other metals be made to 
float on water ? What is meant by a "freezing mixture?" How may 
ice be manufactured? 

137. Are any two plumb lines parallel? Why?^ 

138. Taking the surface of the average human body at 2000 
square inches, what is the atmospheric pressure on a man? 

139. With what momentum will a steamer weighing 12,000 tons 
strike a jock if her rate per hour is 20 miles? 

140. What is the scientific difference between noise and music? 

141. How would you prove that a tube filled with water and in- 
serted into a keg full of water would burst the keg if the tube was 
a certain vertical height? 

142. How could you prove that the pressure on the bottom of all 
vessels having the same bottom area and height is the same, even 
though some of the vessels be shaped like a straight cylinder, some 
like a funnel, some like an inverted funnel, and some like a lamp 
chimney? Of course all these vessels are supposed to be filled with 
water. 

143. A boat in a river displaces 8000 cubic feet of water; on reach- 
ing the ocean it displaces only 7000 cubic feet. Find the specific 
gravity of sea water, and the we.ght of the boat. 

144. Describe any battery for the generation of the electric cur- 
rent. Upon what principle is the current generated? 

145. What would be the height of a sulphuric acid barometer 
when the mercurial barometer stands at 30, the specific gravity of 
the acid being 1.85? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 203 

146. Explain the process of electrolysis. 

147. How do you explain the fact that the thermometer could 
register the same in ice and in what is known as ice water? 

148. How would you explain the phenomenon of wireless teleg- 
raphy ? 

149. What is the cause of explosion in case of powder, as in a 
gun shell? 

150. Give the distinctive properties of a solid; of a liquid; of 
a gas. 

151. Explain what is meant by uniformly accelerated motion. 
Give an example. 

152. How much weight is lost by a body submerged in Avater? 

153. In what direction is light refracted on passing from air into 
water? On passing from water into air? 

154. Describe an experiment to establish the following law of the 
pendulum : The time of vibration of a pendulum varies as the square 
root of its length. 

155. What changes in the reading of the barometer would be 
noticed in passing from the sea level to the top of a mountain ? What 
does a falling barometer at sea indicate? 

156. How far above the surface of the water may the bottom of 
the piston of a lifting pump be placed ? 

157. A Fahrenheit thermometer registers 100 degrees; what 
should be the reading of a Centigrade thermometer? • 

158. A lever of the second class is eight feet long; how far apart 
must the weight and the fulcrum be that a power of 50 pounds may 
sustain a weight of 600 pounds? 

159. What is the object of this study? 

160. If a train of cars, moving uniformly, traveled 620 miles in 
20 hours, what was its velocity? 

161. State Newton's first law of motion. 

162. Describe a prism. 

163. State the most obvious distinction between light and heat. 

164. What is acoustics? Describe the mariner's compass. 

165. Where is the center of gravity of a ring of uniform size and 
density ? 

166. A body on the surface of the earth weighs 9000 pounds. 
Supposing the earth to be 8000 miles in diameter, what would the 
same body weigh if removed to a distance of 8000 miles above the 
surface ? 



204 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

167. The temperature of a room is 90 degrees. When water is 
sprinkled on the floor the temperature of the room falls several 
degrees. Explain fully. 

168. When Fahrenheit's thermometer registers 80 degrees, what 
degree of temperature is indicated by the Centigrade? Raumer? 

169. What is an electro-magnet? Upon what principle does the 
electric telegraph work? 

170. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. 
Show by a diagram the meaning of this statement. 

171. An echo is heard from a reflecting surface in 12 seconds. 
What is the distance to the reflecting surface? 

172. Upon what does the intensity of sound depend? 

173. (a) State the law of universal gravitation. 

*(b) If you weigh 150 pounds on the surface of this planet 
what would you weigh on its moon whose diameter is about '^^q, and 
whose mass is about y^o that of the earth ? 

174. Two lights whose illuminating powers have a ratio of 9 to 
16 are 40 inches apart; at what point between them must a screen 
be placed in order to be equally illuminated on both sides? 

175. How many pounds of ice at 0° C must be put into 36 pounds 
of water at 60*^ C in order to reduce the temperature to 10*^ C (the 
latent heat of liquification being 80 units) ? 

176. Describe three experiments to prove respectively that gases, 
liquids, and solids expand when heated. 

177. Explain the propriety of calling a greenhouse a "trap to 
catch sunbeams." 

178. How is the volume of a bladder of gas affected when the 
barometer falls from 30 to 29 inches? Why? 

179. In what way are strength of current and electromotive force 
related ? 

180. Explain the use of a transformer. 

181. What is the difference between molar and molecular attrac- 
tion? Illustrate with examples. 

182. Describe the hydrostatic press; tell what principle is involved 
In securing great pressure from little power. 

183. Describe Barker's mill. It is claimed that when the water 
rushes out of the bent tube against the air it is the reaction that causes 
the machine to revolve. This is only one cause, if indeed it is a cause 
at all. What is the real principle. 

184. Make figures illustrative of stable, unstable and indifferent 
Equilibrium. What law governs in giving the stability of bodies? 

185. Describe the Ruhmkorff coll. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 205 

186. Describe a microscope and show how images are made on the 
obseirver's eye; that is, show the action of rays of light in passing 
through the microscope. 

187. Describe any electric machine. 

188. Explain the action of the siphon, and give an illustration of 
its practical use. 

189. In which class of levers is the (a) weight never less than 
the power; (b) power always more than the weight? 

190. Name and define (a) three general properties of matter; 
(b) three specific properties. 

191. Why does water freeze at the surface first? 

192. Give the distinctive properties of a solid ; of a liquid ; of a gas. 

193. In what direction is light refracted in passing from air into 
water and from water into air? 

-194. What is the law of the conservation of energy? Illustrate 
by example. 

195. Name and define the several kinds of attraction, and illus- 
trate each by example. 

196. A certain tank 5 feet square and 7 feet deep is full of water ; 
give in pounds the pressure on one side of the tank. 

197. What is electricity? Name the kinds. Explain some of the 
most striking phenomena. 

198. What name would you give to the attraction which causes 
your hands to be wet by a liquid? Is it a molar or molecular force? 
Explain the difference in these two terms. 

199.- What is Boyle's law? 

200. What principle is involved in the flying of a bird? What 
force sustains the mercurial column in the barometer? 

201. What kind of eneigy does coal possess? A stone raised to 
any height? A cannon ball in motion? 

202. Define ohm, volt, ampere, watt, current, cell, conductor, 
resistance, shunt. 

203. Account for the colors seen in flowers. In soap bubbles. 

204. Explain the difference between the structure of the lamp 
producing the arc light and that producing the incandescent light. 

205. Tell how to find the specific gravity of bodies heavier than 
water; lighter than water. 

206. Give the ratio of pressure upon the bottom of a cubical ves- 
sel full of water compared with that on one of its sides. 

207. In electricity tell what is used to measure the current, re- 
sistance, pressure and quantity, respectively. 



2o6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

208. Give the law of time and power as used in machinery. 

209. If two forces, one of which is double the other, act upon 
the same point at a right angle to each other, what will be the ratio 
of their resultant to the less of the original forces? 

210. If you weigh 150 pounds on this planet, what would you 
weigh on our satellite, whose diameter is about 0,273 of the earth's . 
diameter, and whose mass is about one eightieth of the earth's mass? 

211. A lever 10 feet long with fulcrum between power and resist- 
ance will require the fulcrum at what point to balance a resistance 
of 150 pounds with a force of 10 pounds? 

212. Explain the process of electro-plating. 

213. Explain the essential principle of the telephone. 

214. Explain the formation of real and of vital images. 

215. What is meant by absolute zero? What would be the 
reading on the Centigrade thermometer at this temperature? On 
the Fahrenheit? Why is this absolute zero, and what is the supposed 
condition of matter at that temperature? 

216. Explain the principle of the ice cream freezer. 

217. One person is two feet from a stove; another is four feet; 
what is the ratio of heat received by these persons? 

218. A string vibrates 150 times per second. How often will it 
vibrate if shortened to one-half its present length? If its weight 
Is doubled ? 

219. Two trains have equal momenta. The first has a weight of 
725 tons and moves at the rate of 20 miles per hour. The second 
moves 15 miles per hour. What is the weight of the second train? 

220. A sack of sugar weighs 12 pounds In one pan of a false bal- 
ance, and fourteen and one-half pounds in the other pan. What is 
the true weight of the sugar? 

221. In a system of pulleys a power of 2 pounds balances a weight 
of 24 pounds. How many movable pulleys in this system ? 

222. Hold a card with a pin-hole in It between a candle and a 
dark screen. The light passing through the pin-hole will throw the 
picture of the flame on the scren, but it will be inverted. Explain. 

223. Draw a diagram and Illustrate the principle and action of 
the telephone, showing how sound Is received, transmitted, and re-^ 
produced upon the receiver's ear. 

224. A rifle ball shot directly upwards strikes the earth in just 
18 seconds. How far did it rise? What was its velocity at the end 
of the fifth second? At the end of the fifteenth second? " 

225. Name not less than six different kinds of molecular phe- 
nomena studied In elementary physics. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 207 

226. Describe why a unit mass is an absolute unit; and why a 
unit weight is not absolute, but relative and variable. 

227. (a) State in English the law of universal gravitation, and 
also in a fornnula of numerical symbols. 

(b) How far beyond the surface of the earth must a mass 
of 50 g. be raised in order that its weight at that point shall equal 
the vv^eight of 20 g. on the surface, assuming the earth to be a sphere 
with a radius of 4000 miles ? 

228. (a) Define specific gravity. 

(b) If the weight of 1.6 cubic feet of a certain metal is 
1000 povmds, what is its specific gravity? 

(c) if the weight of 1.6 cubic decimeters of another metal 
is 400 kilograms, what is its specific gravity? 

229. (a) State the Law of Charles. 

(b) If the volume of a gas at 4° C. is 10 c. c, what is its 
volume at 16° C, under the same pressure? 

230. (a) What is polarized light, and how can it be obtained ? 

(b) Explain the cause of the dark line in the solar spectrum. 

(c) What is the combined parallel resistance of three wires 
having a resistance of 9, 25 and 36 ohms, respectively? 

231. A cubical vessels resting on a horizontal plane is filled with 
water; what is the ratio of the pressure on the bottom to that on 
one side? 

232. A piece of brass weighs 40 ounces in air and 35.4 ounces in 
water; what is its specific gravity? 

233. What must be the diameter of a pulley the diameter of whose 
axle is 5 inches, in order that a pull of 100 lbs, may life 2000 lbs.? 

234. How may the wave length of a sound be measured ? 

235. How may the existence of invisible solar rays be proved? 

236. (a) Explain what is meant by the latent heat of fusion 
and of vaporization. 

(b) Explain the unit by which the quantity of heat in a 
body is measured. 

237. From the following experiment find the latent heat of fusion 
of ice: Into 500 c. c. of water 80° C. was put 150 g. of cracked ice, 
and the resulting temperature was 43° C. as scon as the ice had 
melted. 

238. (a) Define specific heat. 

(b) Two lbs. of fine shot was poured into one lb. of water 
at 15" C. and the resulting common temperature was 20". What 
was the specific heat of the shot? 



2o8 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 



239. Suppose 4 cells to be coupled in series, the electro-motive 
force of each to be 1.02 volts, and the internal resistance of each to 
be 2.4 ohms, what current will they send through an external re- 
sistanc of 27 ohms? 

240. Explain the "parallelogram of forces." 

241. A hollow ball of iron weighs 1.32 kg.,; what is it minimum 
volume if it floats in water 

242. (a) Express in a formula the law connecting the time and 
length of a pendulum. 

(b) At Philadelphia the length of the second's pendulum 
is 0.993m.; what is the acceleration of gravity at Philadelphia? 

243. The Eiffel tower is 300m. high; how long will it take a 
hammer to fall from the top to the ground?? (Say, g=98ocm.) 

244. A standard candle is 3 ft. and a lamp 12 ft. from a screen. 
When they throw upon it shadows of the same object that are of 
equal intensity; what is the "candle power" of the lamp? 

245. Explain why the oilcloth seems colder to the touch than the 
carpet of the same temperature. 

246. Express 70° F. in centigrade; 10° F. in centigrade; 15" 
C. in the Fahrenheit scale. 

247. Explain how a body may be electrically charged by induction. 

248. (a) Name and describe what takes place when an electric 
current is passed through a solution of copper sulphate. 

(b) Explain some important commercial applications of 
the process described in (a). 

249. How far will a body, moving under the action of gravity 
alone, fall during the sixth second? 

250. Give the theory of artesian wells. 

251. To what extent would you teach physical science to primary 
or grammar students ? How would you explain to a class the pressure 
of water or the development of electricity? 



1 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 209 



ALGEBRA. 

1. Prove the principles applied in the ordinaiy method of finding 
the algebraic highest common factor of functions not readily resolv- 
able into prime factors. 

2. Find the algebraic h.c.f, of 6x^4-x- — 44x4-21 and 6x^ — 26x^ 
-(-46X — 42. 

3. Assuming that the fundamental law^s of numerical operations 
are valid for all numbers, determine the value of 5°, and of 5-^. 

4. Solve the following equation for x, stating fully and clearly 
how each derived equation, in the steps of the solution was obtained: 

a -f X c — X a 
b ~ d~ "" b 

_ ^ , „ 4 x2 8x 20 

5. Solve for x: -^^ + ^^_ = _ 

6. Simply fy: if (— 27i^64^3^j. 

7. Factorize: (aj x^ — y3 — x-|-y. 

(b) 1X2-1X + 3-V 

8. Find two consecutive integers where product is 12882. 

9. The ratio of two numbers equals the ratio of their sums to 
42, and also equals the ratio of their difference to 6 ; find the numbers. 

10. Derive a formula for finding the sum of a series in geometric 
progression. 

11. Make the formulae which define respectively the three inverse 
numerical operations, each in terms of the operation of which it is 
the inverse. 

12. What is the distinction between a formula or identity and 
an equation? 

13. What kind of a function is each of the followiing functions 
of X? (a) 2x=^— x2+3. (b) h8. (c) 2xJ-h4- 

(d) %x--fx— \,. (e) 5X+3X— 2. 

14. State the Remainder Theorem. 

15. Factorize x^-[-4X"+^ — 6. (One of the three factors is x-)-3) 

16. he ratio of two numbers is that of 7 to 3 ; their difference is 
18; find the numbers. 

17. Factorize x^-|^x- — i. 

18. (i) Show that a--fb> 2ab if a>o. 

(2) Show that a--fb- is not always greater than 2ab. 

19. For an equation whose roots are respectively the reciprocals 
of the roots of x"-j-q-^+<l=0' 



210 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

20. (a) Prove that a=b-|-Vc is impossible, if a and b are 
commensurable and Vc is incommensurable. (The terms rational 
and irrational are often used instead of commenusrable and incom- 
mensurable). 

(b) What is the full and exact meaning when a number is 
said to be incommensurable? 

21. Reduce to simplest form the result of 

a b b — a 



2b — I 2b-l-i I — 4b^ 

22. Reduce to simplest form the result of 

5V5 (3V8)+9ViV 

23. "Rationalize" the denominator and reduce 

a^,+ (x+i)V 

24. Find value of x in 7x=i38 — 5x-. 

25. Form an equation whose roots are a-|-b and a — (that is, 
whose two solutions are x^a-[-b and x=a — b). 

26. Prove: If a is not equal to b^ then a^-|-t>~<2ab. 

27. Prove: The sum of any positive fraction and its reciprocal 
is greater than two. (Hint: this theorem is easily derived from the 
preceding). 

X 

28. From the equation 3x-[-8=0, derive a second equation 

3 
by multiplying each member of the first by x — 2 ; from the second 

equation derive a third by dividing each member "of the second by 

X — 3 ; solve the last equation ; substitute this solution in the original 

equation, and explain why it will not satisfy the original. 

29. How may $3 be taken in 18 coins composed of dimes and 
quarters ? 

30. A cistern is connected with three pipes; with all running 
it fills in 15 hours; one of the pipes alone could fill it in 20 hours, 
another in 30 hours ; in what time could the third pipe fill it ? Interpret 
the result. 

31. (a) Mention and explain four kinds of algebraic symbols; 
(b) explain the different uses o fthe signs plus (-|-) and minus ( — ) 
in algebra. 

^2 S'mplify: 3a — (2a-)-i ) -|-|a — (3 — 4 — a)|. Explain changes 
of signs. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 2li 

33. State (a) the principle on which clearing of fractions depends; 
(b) the principle on which transposition depends; (c) can you clear 

X X 

this expression of fractions: 1-^ — ? If so, on what principle? If 

2 3 
not, why not? 

34. Multiply y°-l-i+y'^ — i — Y^+S^y y'^+i- State the law of 
signs in multiplication ; the law of exponents. 

35. Prove (1) a^ =1 : (2) x^ = _l_; (3) x--2 = _!_. 

36. A's age is to B's age as 3 to 8, and the sum of their ages is 44 
years; how old is each? Give such a solution and such an explanation 
as you would use in teaching. 

37. When, after half-past 8 o'clock, will the hour and minute 
hands of a clock be 15 minutes space apart. Explain fully. 

38. Solve by three separate methods of elimination, and name in 
each case the method used : 

3x+y=9(i). 
xH-2y=8(2). 

39. Express with a ratianal denominator: 

Vx- — 2 — ■\/x"+2 



Vx'— 2-fV'+2■ 
40. A man has two square lots, containing 272 square rods. 
The side of the larger is as much greater than ten rods as that of the 
other is less than ten rods. What is the side of each? Solve. 

41. Simplify the following expressions: 

3a— [4b+(3b— 2c)— 5c+ J, 3a— (4b— 2c— 3b Y] 

42. Factor the following: x" — 2yz — y2 — z2, 6x2 -fSx — 4, 
a" — 2ab-|-b" — c^ 

3 7 4— 20x 

43. Simplify: 

1— 2x l+2x 4x2—1 

44. Four men. A, B, C and D, play at a game, B having one 
dollar more than C. A wins half of B's money, B one-third of C's, 
and C one-fourth of D's, then each party has $18. How much had 
each at first? 

45. A certain sum of money at simple interest amounted in two 
years to $132; the same sum at the same rate amounted in five years 
to $150. Find the sum and the rate of interest. 

46. Find the square root of the following expression : 

9+x=+30x — 4x^+1 3x^+14x4 — 14x3- 

47. Define exponent. Explain the meaning of the following ex- 
pressions ; X^, X-g, X— '^. 



212 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

48. (a-\— a-'%+a-\— I) (a-\+i) = ? _ 

49. Arrange in the order of their magnitude the following ex- 
pressions: ^1/35 ■^l/s' ^^^ "^l/so- 

50. The difference of the squares of two numbers is 16 and the 
product of their squares is 225. Find the numbers. 

51. Give two symbols of quality, three symbols of relation, four 
symbols of operation, four symbols of aggregation. 

52. a=2, b=3, c==^, d=5, x^^S, j^=6. 

^[(a+b)c-d]x+y ^2ab=? 

53. Factor the following expressions: 

X* — 6x-^40; i2x--|-23x-|-io; x* — 16. 

2+2x 2— 3x 16x— x2 

54. Simplify: \ 

2 — X 2+x x2 — 4 

55 What is the time of day when ^5 of the time past noon is 
equal to ^4 of the time before midnight? 

56. A did ^8 of a piece of work in 16 days; B then assisted him, 
and they both completed the work in 12 days. Find the time required 
for each to do the work. 

57. Solve Vi/-£+ 3 — Vv^— 3 = l/ 2 ^^- 

58. What is the number to which if 81 be added its square root 
will be increased by 3 ? 

59. Find the sixth root of x^ — 6x^-|-i5x* — 20x^-|-i5x~ — 6x-fi. 

60. What must be added to both terms of the ratio 8:17 that it 
may become the ratio 4:1? 

61. State and illustrate the axioms that apply to the transposition 
of terms from one member of an equation to the other. 

62. Find the G. C. D. of 4x^ — 6x- — 4x-|-3, and 2x^-|-'^"-l-x — i. 

63. A, B, and C purchase a horse for $100. The payment would 
require the whole of A's money, with half of B's, or the whole of B's 
with one- third of C's; or the whole of C's with one-fourth of A's. 
How much money has each? 

64. x+i/x-|-6=2+3|/x-{-6. Find the value of x, and verify. 

65. It takes A 10 days longer to do a piece of work than it takes 
B, and both together can do the work in 12 days. How long woiild 
it take each to do the work? 

66. The sum of two numbers is 4, and the sum of their recipro- 
cals is I. What are the numbers? 

67. Find the sum of |i/_2_7_ and 4-i/_4_8_ 

' * "^ 125' » "^ 180- 

68. A person buys cloth for $90. If he had got two yards more 
for the same money the price would have been 50 cents less per yard. 
How much did he buy, and at what price ? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. ii^ 

69. What is Algebra? What is a term? a homogeneous poly- 
nomial? an exponent? a co-efficient? an equation? 

70. Simplify: 

[ (3a— .2b) + (4c— a) ]— [a— (2b— 3a)— c] -f [a— (b— 50— a) ]. 

71. Resolve into lowest factors: a* — b^j'x" — ^y". 

b2— 7b+6 b2 + 10b+24 b^+eb 

72. Sinlr)lify: X ; 

b^-fSb— 4 b2— 14b+48 b^— Sb^ 

73. The sum of three numbers is 12; the sum of twice the 
first and three times the second is 18; and the difference between five 
times the second and four times the third is o. What are the num- 
bers? 

74. A certain fraction becomes equal to 2 when 7 is added to its 
numerator, and equal to i when i is subtracted from its denominator. 
Determine the fraction. 

75. The sum of the squares of the two digits of a number is 25 ; 
the product of the digits is 12. What is the number? 

76. Define polynomial, equation, elimination, surd, affected quad- 
ratic equation. 

77. State the principles upon which depends clearing an equation 
of fractions. 

Solve 15^-5 X = 5(2x— 6). 

78. Solve by comparison 2x-j-3y=29 '> 9^ — 47=8. 
7Q Solvp 14- 2 = 1.9 • 3 — 2-_ — 1 

80. A and B can do a piece of work in i 5-7 days; A and C in 
1% days- B and C in 2 2-9 days. How long will it take each work- 
ing alone? 

2 

81. Solve |/ir— t/x-3= / — 

y X 

82. A man travels 102 miles. If he had gone 3 miles per hour 
further he would have performed the journey in 5 2-3 hours less 
time. How many miles per hour did he go? 

83. Solve: x^-hy-=25; xy=i2. 

84. If a=3, b=4, c=5, find value of b(c— a+b)— c[b— (b— )J 
-f (b-a) (b+c). 

85. Find value of x in following equation : 

9 =3x ^^—^ What does a minus root show? 

b . 4 

86. I have $9.00 in quarters and ten cents pieces, and have five 
times as many ten-cent pieces as quarters ; how many have I of each ? 



87. {x^l!7"^ i Find value of X and y. 



2i4 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

88. If a man spends —^ of his money and loesses -5- of the re- 
mainder, what part of the original sum has he left? 

89. Reduce to simplest form with no negative exponent: 

/ -n n \-n 

90. Reduce to simplest form having no radical in the denominator 
(rationalize the denominator.) 

t/T'— t/"2' 

91 In x~-\-hx-\-c=o, prove c is the product of the roots of the 
equation, and — b is their sum. , 

92. A man having 60 miles to travel proceeded at a certain rate 
for 30 miles, thenceforth increased his rate i mile an hour; he fin- 
ished in 13^ hours; what was the rate at which he started? 

93. The sum of the three digits of a number expressed in our 
decimal notation is 12; the unit digit is twice the sum of the tens 
and hundredth digits; and if the order of the digits be reversed the 
number thus expressed exceeds the original number by 495 : find the 
number. 

94. (a) What is meant when one function is said to be algdbra- 
ically "exactly divisible" by another? 

(b) What is meant by " factorizing" an integral function? 
[It does not mean merely lo lind two functions whose pro- 
duct is the given function; thus, x^ — i=^ij^(4x^ — x)is evident- 
ly not a factorization. The only factors of x^ — J in the sense 
of such problems are x+i and x — |^]. 

95. Factorize 'jx^-\-i3x-\-3. 

96. 6x— I 3y— [4y— (2x+y)— | — y— (2y— x-f y) | ] | =?. 

97. Find the highest common factor of the following: a^ — i, 
a.^-\-i, and a"-|-2a-|-i. 

98. Sim.plify: -| ■ r-^ — -„ 

x — y x + y x2— y2. 

99. Divide the number 47 into two partJs such that the larger 
divided by the smaller gives 2, with a remainder of 11. 

100. .2x — .o5y=.25 

.03X — .3y^=.96. Find value of x and y. 
loi. A merchant sold goods for $16, and lost as much per cent 
as the goods cost him. What was the cost of the goods ? 
, 102. Simplify: 14a- [13a- 1 i6a-f-(4a-7a-j-6a 5a)-4a [ -9a]-|-2a. 
103. Factor: (i) ax — bx-f-a^ — a.b. (2) a^ — 2ab-fb^ — i6x^. 
(3) i3x^+29xy+6y^ 



Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 2i$ 

4 3 *> I 

104. Reduce to its lowest terms, "^ ^ '^^ ^'^ ^ 

f 16 1 — 1 f 32 1 _# 

■ 05. Simplify, (1) l^^l '; (2, ,--, 

106. Extract the square root of -r-H 1 cx+— 2 

4 c^ X x^ ■ 



107. (a) Solve, Vx+i6+Vx=8. 
,^ ]_ 2x— 5 __ 3x — 7 

^ '^ 4 x + 5 ~ 2x 

108. Solve, (I) {''x+y'=^i 

109. Divide a line 30 feet long into two such parts that the rec- 
tangle framed by the two parts shall be the greatest possible. 

no. (a) If a and b are unequal, prove that a^-l-b->2ab. 

a~H-b^ a^+b^ 

(b) which is greater, — ^-i — O'' ; — ? 

^ ' ^ a -f b a^+b^ ' 

111. Develop by Biomial Theorem, (5x-|-4y)®. 

112. Divide the number 37 into three parts, such that the sec- 
ond shall be 3 more than the first, and the third 5 less than the sec- 
ond. 

113. Factor; (i) 6x- — xy — 2y-; (2) c* — C" — 12. 

114. There is a fraction such that if 4 be added to the numerator, 
its value will be J^, and if 7 be added to the denominator its valud 
will be 1-5. What is the fraction? 

115. Find the value of x and verify the result; 5x- — i2x=io8. 

a^ 4 

116. Extract the square root of a.^ — a^-|-^+4a — 2-| 

117. The sum of two numbers is lOO and the difference of their 
square roots is 2. What are the numbers? 

118. Factor: (a) p- — 4p — 5; (b) a-™— b=":(c) (a-— b')- 
— m- — 2mn — n^ 

119. Find the H. C. F. of 3x--(-i ix+6 and 2x--|-i ix-|-i5. 

^. , , , ax c ax(3c— ax) 

120. rmd the vaue of , 5 — ; •,-• 

ax+c ax — c a^x^ — c- 

121. Paving a square court with stone at 40 cents a square yard. 
will cost as much as inclosing it with a fence at $1 per yard. What 
is the length of a side of the court ? 

122. Find the price of eggs, when 2 less for 12 cents raises the 
price I cent per dozen. 

123. There is a number expressed by two figures, such that, if 
the digits be squared, their sum will be 18 more than the number 
itself. Find the number if the sum of the digits is 13. 



2i6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

124. Factor each of the following expressions: 

a*+i3a--|-42; c* — 16; and x^-j-x — 56. 

125. Find the L. C. M. of the following expressions: 

a-)-b, a — b, ar — b-, a'+aab+b", and a- — 2ab-f b^ 
x^+sx — 40 



126. Reiduce to its lowest terms: 

127. Find the sum of 



x'--|-i4x-|-48 
m+n ra — n 



m — n m+n' 

128. Find two numbers the difference of which is 13, and the 
larger divided by the smaller gives 2 as a quotient and 5 as a reimain- 
der. 

129. For $6.00 I can buy either 4 pounds of tea and 20 pounds 
of coffee, or 2 pounds of tea and 25 pounds of coffee. What is the 
price per pound of each? 

130. What does a fractional exponent signify? Illustrate. 

131. Extract, the square root of a* — 4a^-|-8a-[-4. 

132. Two numbers are in the ratio of 4 to 5, and the sum. of 
their cubes is 15 12. What are the numbers? 

133. What is the essential difference between a formula and a 
rule^ 

134. Write three algebraic axioms. 

135. Perform the indicated operation: 

(a+b+c) (a+b— c) (a+c— b). 

136. Expand: (2x — 3y)^. 

137. A man bought cattle at $40 apiece. He sold them all for 
$1560, making a per cent, equal in number to the number of cattle. 
How many cattle were bought and sold ? 

138. Make equations and show three methods of elimination. 

139. Three towns are at the three angles of a triangle A, B and C 
The distance ACB is 82 miles. The distance ABC is 97 miles. 
The distance BAC is 89 miles. Find the distance AB, BC and AC. 

140. Two cubical vessels have together a capacity of 1072 cubic 
inches. The sum of their heights is 16 inches. What is the capacity 
of each? 

141. An army of 12,850 meji was formed into two squares, one 
of which had ten more men on a side than the other had. How many 
men were there in each square? 

142. Reduce a-j-c and (a — c)^ to a common index. 

143. Give the laws of signs for multiplication and division, and 
for removing expressions from parentheses. 

144. Define equation. Why are signs changed in transposing 
te^ms from one member of an equation to the other? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 217 

145. Factor: (i) x^— 8; (2) x^+S ; (3) x*— 16. 

146. Divide $576 among three persons, so that the first may 
have three times as much as the second, and the third one-third as 
much as the first and second together. 

147. The sum of the first and second of three numbers is 60, 
;iiat of the first and third is 70; and that of the second and third is 
80. What are the numbers? 

148. Solve: 3x- — i8x=90. 

i49.Square 2x-]-y — i and then extract the square root of the re- 
sult. 

150. Solve, (x— a)-^ — (x — b)^=:(a — b)-. 

151. Solve, —+—=5; i-+— =7; —+—=6. 

X y y z X z 

152. Multiply a-l-Vab-|-b by V^ — V^. 

153. The sum of two numbers is a, and the sum of their squares 
is b ; find the numbers. 

154. The sum of four numbers in arithmetical progression is lO,- 
and their product is 24 : w^hati are the numbers ? 

155- Solve, VxH-5H-Vx^5- 

156. Find the square root of 4X* — 4x^— 3x--l-2x-|-i. 

157. If I be added to the numerator of a fraction, its value will be 
1-3 ; if I be added to the denominator, its value w;ill be Y^. Find the 
fraction. 

158. x^ — ^y^=a^; x — y=a; find the value of x and y. 

X 4l/^^~ 
159. 1 -;===33 ; X — 3^^5 ; find value of x and y. 

y F y 

160. If the length of a lot were increased 8 feet and the width 2 
feet, the area would be 665 square feet more. If the width were 
increased 8 feet and the length 2 feet, the area would be 776 square 
feet more. Find the original area. 

161. Raise 2m^ — 3n- to the fourth power by the Binomial Theo- 
rem. , 

162. A. and B. run a race of 300 yards. The first time, A. giv£S 
B. a start of 40 yards and beats him by two seconds. The second time, 
A. gives B. a start of 16 seconds, and is beaten by 36 yards. How 
many yards can each run per second ? 

163. (a) Show why the sign is changed when a term is trans- 
posed to the other side of the equation. 

(b) That the zero power of any number is unity. 

164. Name the different classes of symbols employed In algebra, 
and give two examples of each class. 



21 8 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

165. Factor the following expressions: 

a* — 4a--|-96, i5x--(-28xy-)- I2y^ a* — 256. 

1 1 , 2.y' 



166. Simplify the following: 



x2_y2 x2+y2 ' x*— y* 

167. Five years ago C's age was 21-3 times the age of D. One 
year hence it will be i 4-9 times D's age* How old is each at the 
present time? 

168. A man has tuace as many, dimes as five-cent piecefe, and 
five times as many dollar pieces as dimes, and in all he has $51.25.' 
How many pieces of each kind has he? 

169. Prove that any quantity with a negative exponent is equal 
to the reciprocal of the quantity with the samepositive exponent. 

V45a^+5V20a^ — V8oa^:=? 

170. What number is that to which if 972 be added its square 
root will be doubled? 

171. Find the square root of: x-j-2x^-|-3x^-)-2x}4+i. 

172. x-\-2-{-{x-\-2)y2=20. Find the value of x. 

173. Divide 86 into two such parts that -9 of the greater will 
equal }i of the less. 

174. There is a number composed of two digits such that the 
sum of the squares of the digits is fourteen more than the number. 
The sum of the digits is eight. What is the number? 

175. Make two equations of two unknown quantities each and 
find the value of the) unknown quantities; first, by addition and 
substraction ; second, by comparison. 

176. What must be added to both terms of the ratio 8:17 that 
it may become the ratio 4:1? 

177. If you add one-sixth and one-seve'nth of a certain number 
the sum will be 130. What is the number? 

178. x*-|-2x-=24. Find value of x. 

179. X — ^y^5 ; x' — y^=35. To find x and y. 

180. A farmer sells a horse for $75. The horse cost him x dol- 
lars. He has gained x per cent profit. Find x. 

181. A man bought 6 ducks and 2 turkeys for $15.00. For 
$14.00 he could buy 4 more ducks than he could buy turkeys for 
$9.00. Find the price of each duck and each turkey. 

182. Find the price of eggs whefi 2 less ior 12 cents raises the 
price I cent per dozen. 

2t/2 

183. Given: x-|-V3=— To > ^^^ value of x. \ 

1/0 — X 

184. At what time between 11 and 12 o'clock will the hour and 
the minute hands point in opposite directions ? 



Teachers Guide and Question Book. 219 

185. x^ — y^=56; x — y= — ; find value of x and of y. 

186. What preparation for algebra should be made in arithmetic? 

187. Find the numerical value of the following expressions, If 
a=2, b=3, c=4, d=5,x=8, 7=6: 12a— bV(+d) V^v+d— c 

188. What faculties of the mind are developed by the study of al- 
gebra? When should the study of algebra begin? 

4 3 

-+-=17 
X y 

189. Find values of x and y. 
6 5_ 

X y 

190. The' sum of the two digits of a number is 12; but if 18 be 
added to the numbers the digits will be reversed. What is the num- 
ber? 

191. Find the 6th root of x*^ — 6x"-|-i5^* — 20x^-|-i5x- — 6x+i. 

Vx+io Vx+i8 

192. = . Find value of x, and verify. 

Vx+4 Vx"+8 

193- x-l-v K \ -^^"^ values of x and y. 

194. A man is now 30 yeiars old and his brother is 20. How 
many years before their ages will be as 6 to 5 ? 

195. Define equation, simple equation, quadratic equation, pure 
quadratic equation, affected quadratic equation. 

196. Factor 4x^ — I2xy-|-9y- — 4Z-. 

Find L. C. M. of a*— b* and a«— b«. 

197. A rectangular piece of ground has a perimeter of 120 rods, 
and its area is 1875 square rods. Find itis dimensions. 

198. Divide 22 into two such numbers that their product will be 
96. 

199. Solve: V-x — I5-|-Vx=i5. 

200. Expand by the Binomial Theorem: (xy)^. 

201. Determine by theorems whether the following dividends are 
divisible by their respective divisors: 



(a^— b^)- 
(a«— b«)- 



(a^+b^)- 



(a+b). 
(a+b). 



(a^+bO-^( a+b). 



(a+b), 



220 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

202. (a) Show that with any finite number as the base of invo- 
lution and zero as the exponent, the power, or result of the operation, 
is one. 

(b) Show the result of involution with a negative exponent. 

203. Reduce: a — - 2b — [3c — 2a — (a-fb — ^2c)] Y 

204. Factor 9c- — (2a — 3b) ^. 

205. Find the algebraic highest common factor of i — a', i-j-a'"', 
and a^-|-5a-)-4. 

I 

206. Reduce: i 



I 
I — 



I 

X 

207. The sum of two numbers is "^g ^.nd their difference is'^^*; 
find the numbers. 

208. Solve: xy^6, 2x — 37=9. 

209. A father is 36 years old and his son 6: in how many years 
will the father be just twice as old as his son? 

210. Remove the symbols of aggregation from the following: 

5 1 a— 3b— [— 4c+2b4-(2b— a)+3c]— 4a+b | 

^. yr 2 x+1 -4 

211. bimplity — |— r 7~~~5 — ? 

x + 1 X — 1 x^ — ^1 

212. Find the value of x in the following equation, and prove 
tlie correctness of the work: 

3x— 5 2x— 4 

x-j = 1 2— . 

2 3 

213. A boy had three times as many apples as oranges; he sells 
50 apples and 15 oranges, and then has left twice as many apples as 
oranges. How many of each had he at first? 

214. A and B can plough a field in 10 days. They work together 

6 days, when A is left to finish the work, which he does in 10 days 
more. In what time can each plough the field? 

215. A mirror 12 by 18 inches has a frame of uniform width, 
and of the same area as the glass. What is die width of the frame? 

216. A and B are competitors for a prize of $20. If A wins he 
will have 4 times as much as B. If B wins hc) will have i^^ times as 
much as A. How much money had each at first? 

217. Reduc each of the following radicals to its simplest form: 

(a) y2 VV (b) V36I; (g) V3a^— 6a.H^' 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 211 

218. Given 2x— ^=3 and 3y-f 2^x=4. Find by the method of 
substitution the value of e'ither unknown quantitj^ 

219. Classify (a) equation; (b) quantities with regard to the 
number of terms. 

220. Given: a:b::c:d. 

(a) prove b : a :: d : c. 

(b) prove a : c :: b : d. 

221. A merchant sold goods for $16, and lost as much per cent, 
as the goods cost him. What was the cost of the goods? 

222. A andB start together on a journey of 36 miles. A travels 
one mile per hour faster than B, and arrives at the end of the jour- 
ney three hours in advance of him. Find the rate of travel of each. 

223. Find the equation whose roots are — 2 and ^. (b) Divide 
3 V>2 by 2 V^3- 



224. Solve for x and y: -j yi;_p^y^^J Y 

225. Define algebraic term, similar terms, residual quantity, form- 
ula,- simultaneous eiquations. 

225. Solve, 4x-|-8=>4(24-f-6x). 

226. Solve, 8x — [3+2X — (x^ — 2)-(-6]=io. 

01 1 1 • • 5^ — 7y^^i8 

227. bolve by substitution, _|_ 

228. Divide the number 150 into three parts, so that 3/2 the first 
shall be 1-3 of the second, and 1-6 of the second shall be 1-5 of the 
third. 

229. The sum of two numbers isa, and one-dalf of their difference 
is b, find the number-:. 

230. The square of the sum ot two numbers is 8 1 , and the sum of 
their squares is 45, find the numbers, 

231. Find the square root of 4x--(-9y"-j-i6- — I2xy-|-i6x — 24y. 

232. In the study of arithmetic, what preparation should be made 
for the study of Algebra? Define Algebra, and show its value as ^ 
study. 

233. Find the value of the expression 

2a — [3b-|-(2b^c) — 4C-I- I 2a — (3b — c — 2b) | ], when a=2, b=3, 

234. Name the classes of symbols used in Algebra, and give exam- 
ples of each class. 

235. Find the highest common factor of 

lOa^x^— 4a2x— 6a2, and Sbx^— llbx-f6b. 



222 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

236. Given, y-\-7.=<^ > , find values of the unknown puantities. 

x+z=5 ] 

237. Extract square foot of 

gx^ — I2x^y^-|- i6x-y — ■*24x*y^-l-4y*'+ i6xy^. 

238. Solve ^3^^^7g } 

239. A farmer bought a flock of sheep for $80.00. If he had 
bought four more for the same money they would have cost him $1.00 
less for each ; what number did he buy ? 

240. Prove that x—'^= — . 

241. Add 2t/"f +il/60+l/l5+l/X- 

242. What is the sign of Involution? of Evolution? Express 
two powers and two roots of the same quantity. 

243. Factor the expression : x — 2x^-^x^. 

244. Find the least common multiple of: 

X* — 16, x~-\-4.x-\-4, X- — 4. 

245. What fraction is that whose numerator being doubled and 
whose denominator being increased by 7, the value becomes 2-3 ; but 
the denominator being doubled and the numerator being increased by 
2, the value becomes 3-5 ? 



246. Solve by comparison: 



I 2 + 3 -^ 

[3^2 



247. Extract the square root of x^-l-25 — 6x- — 20x-)-4x^. 

248. 2x- — 15x4-7=0. Find the value of x and verify the result* 

249 From V243xy take Vi47xy- 

250. x+)^=7 

x^~hy^=i33' Find values of x and y. 
( (3) a — b — a--|-2ab — b". 

251. Factor -((2) 8y'^ — 8y--l-2y 

(d)4x— I 

252. Divide 24 into two such parts that their product shall be 
equal to 35 times their difference. 

a-+3+2 

253. Reduce to its lowest terms, and find the value 

a* — a" — 12 
of the expression when a=3. 



254. 2"\/x — V4+Vi2x-|-33= — I, Find the value of x and 
verify the result. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 223 

255. Define and give an example of each of the following kinds 
of equations: Simple, independent, simultaneous, quadratic, affected 
quadratic. 

256. Extract the square root of 

x^ — 4x° -f 8x* — I ox^ -[- 8x- — 4x-f I . 

X^ y~ 24. ) 

257- ^_j_ , ^ c find values of x and y. 

258. By the binominal formula expand (x-|-y)n to five terms. 

259. Multiply 5V3 by 1^/2^.. 



GEOMETRY. 



1. Define: Point, line, angle, triangle, quadrilateral, rectangle, 
theorem, corrolary axiom. 

2. If two parallel straight lines intersect a third straight line, 
the alternate angles are equal. Demonstrate. 

3. The line that bisects the angle nt the vertex of an isosceles tri- 
angle bisects the base. Demonstrate. 

4. Th straight line joining the middle points of two sides -of 
a triangle is parellel to the third side and equal to one-half of it. 
Demonstrate. 

5. The diagonals of a square are equal, and bisect each other at 
right angles. Demonstrate. 

6. The greater of any two chords in the same circle is at the less 
distance from the center. Demonstrate. 

7. The radius of a circle inscribed in an equilateral triangle is 
one-third of the altitude of the triangle. Demonstrate. 

8. The area of a trapezoid is equal to one-half of the sum of the 
parallel sides multiplied by the altitude. Demonstrate. 

9. Define (a) angle, (b) hypotenuse, (c) diagonal, (d) square, 
(e) chord, (d) diameter. 

10. From a point without a straight line but one perpendicular 
can be drawn to the line. Demonstrate. 

11. The area of any regular polygon is equal to one-half the peri- 
meter multiplied by the apothegm. Demonstrate, 



224 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

12. The exterior angle formed by producing one of the sides of a 
triangle is equal to the sum of the two opposite interior angles. Dem- 
onstrate. 

13. An angle inscribed in a circle is measured by one half the 
subtended arc. Demonstrate. 

14. The radius of a circle whose diameter is 64 feet bisects a 
chord 48 feet in length. What is the length of that part of the ra- 
dius between the chord and the circumference? 

15. To what is each angle of a regular hexagon equal? Give the 
proof. 

15. Prove: The diagonals of a rectangle are equal to each. other, 

16. Prove: If two lines are parallel to the same straight line they 
are parallel to each other. 

17. Prove: The three lines drawn through the mid points of the 
sides of any triangle cut the triangle into four equal triangles. 

18. Find the centre of a given circle and explain the construc- 
tion. 

19. The height of a wall is 20 feet; required the length of a lad- 
der which will reach the top when the foot of the ladder is 15 feet 
from the wall. 

Upon what theorem does the solution of the above depend? 

20. Define: Demonstration, construction, surface, volume, 

21. Illustrate by figures: Octagon, chord, segment of a circle, 
sector, secant of a circle. 

22. Demonstrate: If the diagonals of a quadrilateral mutually 
bisect, the figure is a parallelogram. 

23. Demonstrate: In equal circles equal chords subtend equal 
arcs. 

24. Construct a fourth proportional to three given straight lines. 

25. Construct a square equal to the difference of two given 
squares. 

26. Of what science is geometry a branch, and of what does it 
treat ? 

27. Define plane, plane figure, polygon, circle, degree, transver- 
sal, right-triangle. 

Demonstrate the following propositions: 

_ 28. In any triangle, any side is less than the sum of the other two 
sides. 

29. The diagonals of 'a parallelogram bisect each other. 

30. A straight line dividing two sides of a triangle proportionally 
is parallel to the third side of the triangle. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 225 

'ji. Construct a square equivalent to the sum of three gi;/en 
sqiinres whose sides are 2, 23^ and 3. 

32. The sum of the interior angles of a pentagon is equal to how 
many right angles? Give proof. 

33. Two parallel straight lines 60 feet apart are cut by a third 
line at an angle of 45^; what is the length of the third straight line 
between the parallels? 

34. Prove: The diameter of a circle is greater than any other 
chord of the circle. 

35. Bisect a given straight line. 

36. Prove: In any triangle the greatest side lies opposite the 
greatest angle. 

37. If from the right angle of a right triangle a line be drawn 
to the middle point of the hypotenuse, such line is the radius of the 
circumscribing circle. 

38. Define scholium, postulate, parallelogram, tangent, propor- 
tion. 

39. Demonstrate: In an isosceles triangle the angles opposite the 
equal sides are equal. 

40. Show that the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon is equal 
to the eight right angles. 

41. Construct an angle of 150 degrees. 

42. A tree casts a shadow 180 feet long when a vertical rod 12 
feet high casts a shadow 18 feet long. Find the height of the tree. 

43. Divide a right angle into thre-' equal parts. 

44. When are angles supplementary? When complementary? 

45. Prove that the sum of the three angles of a triangle is equal 
to two right angles. 

46. A straight line cannot intersect the circumference of a cir- 
cle in more than two places. Demonstrate. 

47. Inscribe a circle in a given square. 

48. Define and illustrate by figure or figures, (a) exterior angle; 
(b) alternate angles; (c) similar polygon. 

49. Through a point without a given circle construct a tangent 
to the circle. Explain the construction. 

50. Two triangles are equal when they have the three sides of the 
(;!.e respectively equal to the three sides of the other. Demcr.,strate. 

51. Two secants cut each other without the the circle, the inter- 
cepted arcs are 32° and 78°; what angle is formed by the secants? 
Prove. 

52. How would you inscribe a circle in a given triangle? Dem- 
onstrate fully. 



226 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

53. To what is the sum of the interior angles of any polygon 
equal? Demonstrate. ' 

54. Show how a circumference may be passed through three 
given points, and state the condition under which this would be im- 
possible. 

55. If a straight line is perpendicular to one of two parallel 
straight lines, it is perpendicular to the other also. Demonstrate. 

56. Prove that the four lines joining the middle points of the 
adjacent sides of any quadrilateral form a parallelogram. 

57.. A postofEce is 200 yards north of a railroad rupibni^ due 
east and west. A man lives 600 yards from the postoffice and 300 
yards from the railroad. Draw a figure showing all the possible 
places of his residence. 

58. To what is each angle of a regular hexagon equal? Give 
the proof. 

59. Explain the process of finding the centre of a given circle. 

60.. Two triangles which have a side and two adjacent angles of 
the one equal to a side and two adjacent angles of the other, are 
equal in all their parts. Demonstrate. 

61. A ladder, one end resting in a street 90 feet wide, reaches 
the top of a building, on one side of the street, 80 feet high; and 
without moving the base will reach a window 60 feet high in a 
building just opposite the first. Find the length of the ladder. 

62. Define and draw (a) heptagon, (b) apothegm. 

63. Prove that the sum of the three angles of a triangle equals 
two right angles. 

64. Prove that an angle formed by the intersection of two secants 
in a point without a circle is measured by one-half the difEerenc of 
the intercepted arcs. 

65. Prove that the area of a triangle is equal to one-half the pro- 
duct of the perimeter by the radius of the inscribd circle. 

66. The bisectors of two supplementary adjacent angles are per- 
pendicular to each other. 

67. If two sides of a triangle are unequal, the angles opposite are 
unequal; and the greater angle is opposite the greater side. 

68. If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, the figure is a 
rectangle. 

69. In an isosceles trapezoid each base makes equal angles with 
the legs. 

;o. An angle formed by tv/o chords intersecting within tHe cir- 
cumference is measured by what? Prove your answer. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 227 

71. The base, the altitude and an angle at the base of a triangle 
being given, to construct the triangle. 

72. If a perpendicular is let fall from the right angle of a right 
triangle to the hypotenuse, what results? Prove your ansvs^er. . 

73. If the opposite sides of a quadrilateral are equal, they are 
aLso parallel, and the figure is a parallelogram. Demonstrate. 

74. Tw^o triangles having a side and two adjacent angles of the 
one equal to a side and two adjacent angles of the other are equal in 
all respects. Demonstrate. 

75. The diagonal of a square is 200 feet, find its area in square 
yards. 

76. Find the area of an equilateral triangle, the length of each 
side being 12 feet. 

77. Divide a given straight line into 5 equal parts. Demonstrate 
fully. 

78. The parallel sides of a trapezoid are 40 feet and 50 feet 
respectively, and perpendicular distance apart 12 feet; find area. 

79. Prove that the sum of the angles of any quadrilateral is equal 
to 4 right angles. 

80. Problem : To describe a square on a given straight line. 

81. Theorem: An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle. 

82. What is the difference between a theorem and a problem? 

83. Two gardens contain each one acre, one is a square and the 
other a circle. How much further is it around the one than the 

other? 

84. Prove: From a point without a straight line, only one per- 
pendicular to that line can be drawn. 

85. Find the locus of a point that is equi-distant from two given 
points. 

86. Prove: If two straight lines bisect each other, the lines 
joining opposite extremities are aparallel. 

87. Prove: The exterior angles at the base of any triangle are 
together greater than two right angles. 

88. Divide a given triangle into three equivalent parts by lines 
drawn from the vertices to a point within it. 

89. Prove: If a circle is inscribed in a right-angled triangle, 
the sum of its diameter and the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the 
other two sides. 

90. Through a point in a straight line only one perpendicular can 
be drawn to the line. Demonstrate. 



228 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

91. Two parallel straight lines are cut by a third straight line. 
State three theorems that may be based upon this, and demonstrate 
one of them. 

92. What number of sides has the polygon the sum of whose 
interior angles is equal to 26 right angles? 

93. On a given straight line describe a segment of a circle which 
shall contain a given angle; that is, a segment any angle described in 
which shall be equal to a given angle. 

94. The square described on the hypotenuse of a right triangle 
is equivalent to the sum of the squares described on the other two 
sides. Prove. 

95. If the opposite angles of a triangle are equal the sides opposite 
these angles are equal and the triangle is isosceles. Demonstrate. 

96. The bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite 
side into segments proportional to the other two sides. Prove. 

97. Find a point in a straight line such that its distance from two 
given points without the line may be equal. Mention a condition in 
which this becomes impossible. 

98. Having given the hypotenuse and one side of a right triangle, 
construct the triangle. Give proof. 

99. Prove : A line parallel to the base of a triangle and bisecting 
one side, bisects the other also. 

100. An acute angle of a right triangle is ^^3 of the othe'r acute 
angle. How many degrees in each ? 

loi. Prove: The opposite angles of a quadrilateral triangle is 
equal to half the radius of the circle. 

102. Prove: The apothem of an inscribed equilateral triangle is 
equal to half the radius of the circle. 

103. Two triangles of equal areas have their bases 26 in. and 3 
ft. respectively. What is the ratio of their altitudes? 

104:^ Prove That if one straight line meets another straight line 
at a point not an extremity, the sum of the adjacent angles is equal to 
two right angles. 

105. Erect a perpendicular at the extremity of a straight line. 
Explain. 

106. Bisect two adjacent angles, and indicate all the angles that 
are complementary, and all that are supplementary. 

107.^ Construct triangles, the following parts being given: (a) 
Two sides, and the angle opposite one; (b) Two angles, and a side 
opposite one. 

108. If the angles at the base of any triangle are bisected, the 
line bisecting the smaller angle is the longer. Prove. 

109. The bisectors of the interior angles of a parallelogrom form 
a rectangle. Prove. 



Teachers* Qiiide and Question Book. 229 

no. The hypotenuse of a right angle being given, find the locus 
of the opposite vertex. 

111. Find the projections on the hypotenuse of the sides, 7 and 
14, of a right-angled triangle. Also, find the distance to the hypote- 
nuse from the opposite angle. 

112. The distance from the centre of a circle to a chord 8 inches 
long is 4 inches. Find the distance from the centre to a chord 5 inches 
long. 

113. Illustrate by figure (a) circumference, (b) arc, (c) right 
angle, (d) hexagon. 

114. Define each term in the preceding question, 

115. If the area of a triangle whose shortest side is 18 feet, is 196 
square feet, what is the ara of a similar triangl whose shortest side is 
32 feet? 

116. Trisect a given straight line. 

117. Prove that if a straight line is perpendicular to another 
stragiht line at its middle point, it is at every point in the line equally 
distant from the extremities of that line. 

118. If one of the sides of a triangle is produced, the exterior 
angle thus formed is equal to what? Demonstrate the proposition, 
and state a corollary that may follow. 

119. In an inscribed trapezoid the non-parallel sides are equal; 
the diagnols are also equal. Demonstrate. 

120. Find a point equally distant from three other given points. 
State the case in which this would be impossible. 

121. State and demonstrate the method for finding the area of a 
trapezoid. 

122. In any circle parallel chords intercept equal arcs. Prove. 

123. The sum of two of the opposite sides of a circumscribed 
quadrilateral is equal to the sum of the other two sides. Demon- 
strate. 

124. The chord through a point. A, in a circle which is perpen- 
dicular to the radius through the point, is shorter than any other 
chord which can be drawn through the point, A. Prove. 

125. In a given circle find the locus of the midpoints of the chords 
that pass through a given point within the curve ; in the curve. 

126. With a given radius describe a circle which shall be at the 
same given distance from three given points not in the same straight 
line. 

127. Prove that the ratio of the side of the inscribed equilateral 
triangle to the radius of the circle is V3 to unity. 



230 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

128. Demonstrate: If two lines bisect vertical angles, they form 
one and the same straight line. 

129. Demonstrate: If a tangent is drawn to a circle at the ex- 
tremity of a chord, the middle point of the subtended arc is equally 
distant from the chord and the tangent. 

130. A chord is 7 inches, and its distance from the centre is 3 
inches; find the length of the radius. 

131. Demonstrate: The interior angles of a polygon equals two 
right angles multiplied by the number of sides, less two. 

132. Prove that all tangents from the same point to a circle are 
equal. 

133. Given a side of a regular hexagon, construct the hexagon. 

134. Explain fully the special value of geometry-study in educa- 
tion. 

135. Prove that two triangles are equal when the three sides of 
the one are equal respectively to the three sides of the other. What 
must be known about the sides and angles of two triangles in order 
to be able to infer that the triangles are equal ? 

136. What geometry instruction should be given to pupils of the 
lower grades? Give the methods of imparting such instructions. 
Explain the importance of free use of instruments in geometry work. 

137. In any right triangle the straight line drawn from the right 
angle to the center of the square on the hypotenuse bisects the right 
angle. Prove. 

138. Two triangles that are mutually equiangular are similar. 
Demonstrate. 

139. Find the locus of the vertices of triangles having a given base 
and a given vertical angle. Give proof. 

140. A perpendicular let fall from a right-angled triangle upon 
the hypotenuse is a mean proportional between the segments of the 
hypothenuse ; and either side of the original triangle is a mean propor- 
tional between the whole hypotenuse and the adjacnt segment. Prove. 

141. If the side of an equlateral triangle is m^ find the altitvJe 
and the area. 

142. The square inscribed in a circle is to the square inscribed in 
a semi-circle as 3 to 5. Prove. 

143. One acute angle in a right-angled triangle is m times the 
other ; how many degrees in each ? ' 

144. Find a mean proportional between two lines. 

145. A trapezoid is equivalent to one-half of the rectangle which 
has the same altitude and a base equal to the sum of the parallel sides. 
Prove. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 23! 

146. The altitudes of similar triangles are to each other as any 
two homologous sides. Prove. 

147. The bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite 
side into segments w^hich are proportional to the adjacent sides. 
Prove. 

148. The sides of a triangle are a, a and b; show that the area is 

149. What is the greatest number of obtuse angles any triangle 
may have? 

150. If one angle of a triangle is a right- angle, how does the 
value of the other two angles compare with a right angle? 

151. If from the vertex of any angle in an equilateral triangle a 
line be drawn to the centre of the opposite side, how do the two tri- 
angles thus made compare in size? 

152. If two parallels be cut by a transversal, what is the sum 
fo the two exterior angles on the same side of the transversal? 

153. The length of each of two parallel chords of a circle was 
found to be 8 yards, and the length of the perpendicular between 
them to be 6 yards ; what was the length of the radius ? 

154. The length of a diameter of a circle is 4 inches; what is the 
area of the inscribed equilateral triangle? 

155. Divide a segment of a straight line harmonically (i. e., ex- 
ternally and internally in the same ratio) in the ratio of two given 
straight line segments. 

156. Prove: If two chords of a circle intersect, the rectangle of 
the segments of one equals the rectangle of the segments of the other. 

156. State correctly any five propositions with reference to arcs 
and chords. 

157. Demonstrate any two propositions with reference to the locus 
of a point. 

158. Give three methods of determining a plane. What is a 
dihedral angle? 

159. The line joining the vertex of the right angle of a right 
triangle to the center of the hypotenuse is equal to half of the hypote- 
nuse. Demonstrate. 

160. Find, to three decimal places, the area of an equilateral tri- 
angle, each side being 5. 

161. What is the difference in degrees between an angle of an 
equilateral triangle and an exterior angle of an octagon ? 

162. The base of a hexagonal monument is 9 feet on a side. How 
much ground does the monument cover? 



2312 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

163. When will the perimenter of a regular polygon and the peri- 
phery of an equivalent circle coincide? 

164. If the radius of a circle is 6 inches, find the area of a sector 
of 10 degrees. 

165. State correctly any two propositions with reference to cones. 

166. What practical applications can be made of the principles of 
geometry ? 

167. In the demonstration of a proposition in geometry, every 
step taken must depend upon one of three things. State them. 

168. Define angular magnitude, and state how a plane angle is 
measured. 

169. What is the locus of a point equidistant from two given 
points ? Demonstrate the proposition upon which you make this 
depend. 

170. Construct an isosceles triangle, having the base and vertical 
angle given. 

171. Prove that if one of the acute angles of a right triangle is 
30", the side opposite this angle is half the hypothenuse. 

172. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in a circle, prove that 
each side bisects the radius drawn perpendicular to it. 

173. Upon what principle would you base the trisection of a 
right angle ? 

174. Through a point within a circle draw a chord that is bi- 
sected at that point ; prove that it is the least chord that can be drawn 
through that point. 

175. What faculties of the mind are chiefly developed by geom- 
etry study? Of what should beginning lessons in geometry con- 
sist? 

1 76. What are similar triangles ? Triangles that are similar have 
the same ratio to each other as the squares on their homologous sides. 
Demonstrate. 

177. Find the locus of the middle points of all chords of a circle 
that pass through a given" point within the circle. 

178. Inscribe in a circle whose diameter is 12 an equilateral trian- 
gle, and determine the area of the triangle. 

179- What is the measure of an angle formed by a tangent and a 
chord ? Demonstrate. 

180. Give six axioms. 

181. Of how many parts does a theorem consist? Name them 
and define each. ^ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 233 

182. A horse is tied to a stake with a rope ten feet long. How 
long is the rope at another time which allows him to feed over only- 
three- fourths as much ground as before ? 

183. How many sides has a polygon, the sum of whose interior 
angles is double that of its exterior angles? 

184. If any two chords be drawn through the same point in a 
circle, the product of the segments of the one chord will be equal to 
the product of the segments of the other. Prove. 

185. If the angle A of the triangle ABC is 30, prove that the area 
ABC=:>4ABXAC. 

186. The medians of a trinagle pass through a point which is 
two-thirds of the distance from each vortex to the middle of the oppo- 
site side. Prove. 

187. How many sides has a polygon the sum of whose exterior 
angels is double the sum of its interior angles? 

188. If two circles intersect, their line of centres is perpendicular 
to their common chord at its middle point. Prove. 

189. If two sides and one angle of a triangle equal, respectively, 
two sides and an angle of another triangle, are the triangls neces- 
asrily congruent? 

190. Prove: If a chord be drawn through a fixed point in a 
circle, the rectangle of its segments equals the rectangle of the seg- 
ments of any other chord drawn through the same point. 

191. The area of the surface of a circle is 44.17875; find the 
length of the circle and the length of its diameter. 

192. The length of one of the parallel sides of a trapezoidal field 
is 125 rods, and that of the other is 143 rods; the le'ngth of the per- 
pendicular between these sides is 90 rods; find the area of the field in 
acres. 

193. Demonstrate: "If the two equal sides of an isosceles tri- 
angle are produced, the obtuse angles below will be equal." 

194. Construct an angle of 60", and prove that you have done so. 

195. The base of a triangular lot is 25 rods; required the base of a 
similar lot of four times the arek. Give reasons for your answer. 

If one angle of a right triangle is 30°, the side opposite this angle 
is half the hypotenuse. Demonstrate. 

(a) What is geometry? (b) Its chief aim? (c) Its chief divi- 
sions? 

196. Prove in two ways that the square described upon the hypot- 
enuse of ?. right-angle triangle is elqual to the sum of the squares 
described on the other two sides. 



234 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 

197. Prove that the greater side in any triangle is opposite the 
greater angle. 

198. Prove that the area of a regular inscribed dodecagon is equal 
to three times the square of the radius. 

199. It is rquired to divide a line into the extreme and mean ratio. 

200. What is the difference in perimeter of two lots, one a circle 
and the other a square, each lot containing an acre? 

201. Through a given point without a given line to draw a paral- 
lel to that line. 

202. State and prove the proposition concerning the measure of 
an angle formed by the meeting of a tangent and a secant without 
a circle. 

203. Prove that equal angles at the centre of a circle are sub- 
tended by equal chords and arcs. 

204. Two similar triangles are to each other as the squares of 
their homologous sides. Prove. 

205. (a) Define the different kinds of quadrilateral, 
(b) Define the locus of a point. 

;(..6. Explain how you would construct: 

(a) The complement of a given angle, 

(b) The supplement of a given angle. 

(c) The third angle of a triangle, the other two being 
given, without constructing the triangle. 

207. If from a point 22 inches from the centre of a circle the 
length of whose radius is 10 inches, tagents are drawn to the circle, 
and the chords joining the points of tangency is drawn, find the 
length of the se'gments, made by the chord, on the line joining the 
point (first mentioned) with the center. 

208. The lengths of the segments of a chord, intersected by 
another chord, are a and b, and the length of one seigment of the 
second chord is c; find the length of the other segment. 

109. Prove: If two triangles have the sides of on: prcpoitior.;-' 
to the sides of the other, their corresponding angles are equal. 

210. (a) Construct a square equivalent to a given rectangle, 
(b) Prove the construction in (a). 

211. Construct a straight line, to which the perpendiculars from 
Lhrcf given points shall be equd. (If more than one solution is 
possible, all solutions are required.) 

212. Find the locus of a point to which the straight line seg- 
ments from two given points have a given ratio, ^ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 235 

213. T^ there any more propriety iti printing the "axionis" in a 
book on the subject of geometry than in a book of receipts for cook- 
ing? How do you explain that such truisms as "The whole is greater 
than any of its parts," "The halves of equal magnitudes are equal," 
etc., are printed in our geometries? 

214. The science of geometry assumes certain data incapable of 
absolute proof, and even possibly or conceivably untrue. To confuse 
these postulates, as they are called, with axioms is grossly unreasona- 
ble. 

215. State a postulate, one for each, concerning (a) space in gen- 
eral, (b) parallel straight, (c) angles. 

216. Prove: The rectangle of the diagonals of an inscribed quad- 
rilateral equals the sum of the rectangles of its opposite sides. 

217. Find the locus of the midpoint of a straight-line segment 
between a given point and a given straight. Prove. 

218. State and prove a theorerr^ concerning the segments on 
secants passing through a fixed point. 

:.'I9. Prove: If two circles intersect; their center straight is per- 
pendicular to their common chord at the mid-point of the latter. 

220. Inscribe a circle in a given triangle, proving your construc- 
tion. 

221. Prove: The bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the 
oposite side into segments proportional to the other two sides. 

222. Construct a square equal to the sum of two given squares, 
and another equal to their difference, proving your constructions. 

223. Find the area of an isosceles right triangle the length of 
whose hypothenuse is 6 inches. 

124. Prove: The area of any trian2,le cne of whose angus is one- 
third of a right angle, is one-fourth the product of the lengths of 
the sides including that angle. 

225. Prove that if three or more non-parallel straight lines in the 
same plane intercept proportionate segments on two parallels, then 
all the non-parallels concur in one point. 



236 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 



GENERAL HISTORY. 

1. Classify according to race, family and branch the following 
peoples: (i) the Highlanders of Scotland, (2) Swedes, (3) Turks, 
(4) Arabs, (5) Italians, (6) Hindoos, (7) American Indians. 

2. Explain the importance of Lydia in the history of the world. 

3. What were the two leading Greek States? Which of the 
rivals finally overcame the other? 

4. Who laid the foundation of the Roman Empire? Describe 
the struggles for dominion after his death, and give the name and 
date of the first Roman Emperor, and the length of his reign. (Tell 
at least v nether the latter was long or short). 

5. What seems to be the relation of the fall of the Roman 
Empire to World History? 

6. Among the governments of Europe, what was the mightiest 
power during the reign of Elizabeth of England, and explain the 
significance in general history of the deeds and development of 
England during this priod. 

7. Tell of the origin and growth of the Dutch republic. 

8. Compare the powers of the monarch of England with those 
of the President of the United States. 

9. Give the history of Magna Charter, and tell what influence it 
had in English history. 

10. What was "The Invincible Armada?" 

11. Briefly outline the life of Charlemagne. 

12. Name the principal causes of the French Revolution. 

13. When and where was the battle of Actium, and what was 
the effect of this battle? 

14. What important events cluster about the date 1066? 

15. What is meant by the terms of Plantagenet and Tudor? 

16. Who was William of Orange, and what distinguished his 
life? 

17. Who were the Moors? What was The Alhambra, and what 
writer has made it famous in literature? 

18. What was the Amphyctionic Council? 

19. Briefly sketch the life of Confucius. 

20. Who was the father of history? The last of the Pharaohs? 
21.- Describe the downfall of Babylon. By whom was a prophecy 

made of this event? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 237 

22. Compare and contrast the characters of David and Solomon, 
mon. 

23. Give an account of the Trojan war briefly. 

24. Write about one hundred words on the life of Napoleon, and 
an equal number on the life of the Empress Josephine. 

25. What sovereign constituted the Tudor dynasty? The Plan- 
tagenet ? 

26. Briefly outline the career of any one of the leaders of the 
Reformation of the Sixteenth century. 

27. Who was Charlotte Corday? 

28. Tell of the conspiracy against Cardinal Richlieu. 

29. What was the Treaty of Westphalia ? 

30. Outline the character and life of any great European monarch 
of the present century. 

31. What were the causes of the Crimean war? 

32. Name three Greek philosophers. 

33. To what house does the present King of England belong? 

34. Give the history of "The Confederacy of Delos." 

35. Compare Alexander the Great with Charlemagne in point of 
generalship and in point of statesmanship. 

36. What is meant by The Renaissance? By The Holy Alliance 
of 1815? 

37. How many invasions of the west did Julius Csesar make? 
Briefly give the history of any one of them. 

38. Name the nations in history that have made great attempts 
at colonization. 

39. Show how England and Scotland came to be united. 

40. Who is the present sovereign of England, and how did he 
happen to come to the throne? What may be said of the reign of his 
predecessor in point of length? In point of power? In point of 
national prosperity? 

41. Name the dynasties of Egypt that were most important in 
spreading the civilization of Egypt. 

42. What was the chief problem of the Middle Ages? 

43. What was the effect of the Battle of Hastings? 

44. How do you account for the Elizabethan age? 

45. What did the feudal system have to do with the French Revo- 
lution. 

46. What peoples of Europe are not of Indo-European race? 

47. Outline Alexander's "Conquest of the World" and describe 
the division of his empire that followed his death. 

48. What were the reforms of the Graechi ? 



238 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

49. State the principal events of the reign of Constantine "The 
Great." 

50. What was the origin of the Papal States? 

51. What events checked the progress of the Reformation? 

52. Of each of the following give the notable historical conec- 
tion: Alcibiades, Marius, Alaric, .Robert Bruce, Machiavelli, Henry 
of Navarre, Disraeli. 

53. In what way was the Trojan war a great event in the world's 
history? How much actual truth was there in Homer's description? 

54. What was meant by ostracism? By whom practiced? Give 
instances. 

55. Show how the struggle between the Patricians and Plebians 
was carried on, and give its final results. 

56. Give an account of the rise of chivalry and its decay. 

57. Give one important fact concerning Warwick, Richelieu, 
Locke, Wolsey, Louis XIV, Henry VIII. 

58. Tell something of the Hindoo migrations, castes, literature 
and religion. 

59. Name in order the prominent events of the age of Pericles 
and account for the intellectual activity of the period. 

60. Give statement of the Jewish social position during the 
mediaeval times. 

61. (a) Between what nations were the Punic wars waged? (b) 
Who was the most illustrious general of the defeated nation? (c) 
By what event were these wars brought to a close? 

62. (a) Who was the first of the modern Emperors of Ger- 
many? (b) What war led to the union of the German States under 
this rule? 

63. Give country, century and special service of any five of the 
following: Savonarola, Raphael, Huss, Parnell, Von Moltke, Hugo, 
Cecil Rhodes, Talleyrand, Confucius. 

64. Give the location and special historical interest connected 
with any three of the following: St. Peters, Parthenon, Louvre, 
Kenilworth, The Escorial. 

65. What led to the formation of the present French republic? 

66. What men composed the first Roman Triumvirate? What 
was the purpose of this Triumvirate? What was accomplished by 
it, and how was it terminated ? 

67. Briefly outline the career of any one of the following named 
persons : Gustavus Adolphus, Charles V of Spain, Peter The Hermit. 

68. What is meant by The Doomsday Book, Magna Charta, Edict 
fo Nantes, Diet of Worms ? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 239 

69. What was meant by Home Rule for Ireland? What great 
men have advocated it? 

70. Outline the important events in the reign of Justinian. 

; I. What were the general causes and results of the Hundred 
Years' War. 

72. What is meant by The Commonwealth of English history? 
What dates embrace this period, and who was really at the head of 
the government? 

73. How long did the Romans hold Britain? 

74. Name the Romance nations, and describe in general terms 
their origin and the formation of their languages. 

75. Explain the rise of the Italian City-Republics, naming the 
most important of them. 

76. Give a short account of the establishment of the Swiss Re- 
buplic. 

77. Tell briefly of the origin and growth of the Dutch Republic. 

78. Briefly sketch the career of Oliver Cromwl. 

79. What historical event is connected with each of the following 
names: Runymde, Maximilian, Montclam, Pharsalia. 

80. Give a sketch of Gustavus Adolphus. 

81. What important event immediately preceded the "Dark 
Ages?" What event marked the close of the period thus designatd? 

82. Give a brief sketch of the formation of the present Kingdom 
of Great Britain and Ireland. 

83. Give a sketch of Louis Kossuth. 

84. Give an account of the battle of Sedan. 

85. What nations were participants in the war in which the bat- 
tle of Balaklava occurred? What has given increased fame to this 
battle? 

86. What was the cause of the Punic Wars? Name one general 
on each side. 

87. What were the chief differences between the Spartan educa- 
tion and that of the Athenians? 

88. Outline the work of Martin Luther with reference to the 
Reformation of th XVI century. 

8g. For what were the following-named persons noted: Demos- 
thenes, Alexander the Great, Nero, Cleopatra, Cromwell, Alfred the 
Great, Charlemagne, Cyrus, Xerxes, William of Orange? 

90. Who were the Moors? What was their religion ? 

91. What was feudalism ? Where did it exist? 

92. Who wrote "The French Revolution," and what does he 
give as the cause of this struggle? 



240 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

93. Who were the Northmen, and what distinguishes them in 
history ? 

94. What European governments have possession at this time in 
Africa ? 

95. What was the cause of the war in the Transvaal country? 

96. What was the Webster- Ashburton Treaty? 

97. What English sovereign was on the throne during the Ameri- 
can Revolution? Briefly outline his career as a ruler. 

98. What was the Thirty Years' War? 

99. What literary and philosophic writers may be clustered around 
the reign of "Good Queen Anne" ? 

100. Outline the life of Napoleon Bonoparte briefly. 

lOi. Compare Rome and Carthage at the beginning of the Punic 
wars in respect to territory, patriotism, army, civilization. 

102. Give a short account of the Roman occupation of Britain^ 
not omitting to state its duration and to explain the Roman evacua- 
tion. 

103. Give a brief account of Savonarola. 

104. What is meant by "The Ref ermation" ? With what coun- 
try is it chiefly associated? State some of the. causes that led to it. 

105. Describe the rise of English power in India. 

106. State the chief causes and results of the Russo-Turkish war 
of 1877-78. 

107. Make statements of historical importance (and which ex- 
plain the historical conections) concerning any five of the following: 
Darius, Fabius, Alaric, Gustavus Adolphus, Wycliffe, Galileo, Rich- 
elieu, Cavour, Joseph Chamberlain. 

108. Describe the "Age of Pericles," and explain its importance 
in the world's civilization. 

109. (a) Describe the origin of the Roman social orders, the 
patricians and the plebians. 

(b) Explain the origin and nature of the office of tribune of the 
people. 

no. Name the members of the first Triumvirate; of the second 
Triumvirate. 

111. How were the kingdoms of England and Scotland united ? 

112. Who were the "Roundheads," the "Jacobites," the "Jaco- 
bians," the "Chartists" ? 

113. Outline the great causes and events that led to the union of 
the German State. \ 

114. What is "The Eastern Question?" 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 241 

ii<). Excluding China, what were the three earliest centres of 
civilization? To what race did each of the peoples concerned belong? 

116. Locate ancient Phoenicia, name its chief cities, and give a 
brief account of its principal colonies. Of what race were, the Phoe- 
nicians ? 

117. Name and locate four kingdoms formed from the dominions 
of Alexander immediately after his death, and name the first monarch 
of each. 

118. Briefly describe the events following the death of Julius 
Caesar until the establishment of the empire, as formally distinguished 
from the Republic or Commonwealth. What new title was given the 
first Roman Emperor, and at what date? 

119. Briefly describe the Gothic invasions, the fall of the empire, 
and the foundation of the Roman nations and languages. 

120. After the destruction of the actual organization of the Ro- 
man empire it continued in legal and political theory, without any 
break in the continuous succession of emperors, into the ninetenth 
century. What was this somtimes shadowy empire called, how did it 
.terminate, and who was the last emperor? 

121. (a) Give a brief account of Pope Gregory X. 

(b) Explain how, shortly after Gregory X, the papal seat 
was removed from Rome, telling to what city it was moved, and 
about how many years it remained there. 

122. Give approximate dates and brief acounts of the three repub- 
lics that have been established in France. 

123. Name in order the ancient nations which successively held 
predominance in the Eastern Mediterranean regions prior to the rise 
of Rome. 

124. Briefly describe the policy and practice of the Romans in re- 
gard to constructing roads. 

125. Name the Romance nations, and describe in general terms 
their origin and the formation of their languages. 

126. Explain the rise of the Italian City-Republics, naming the 
most important of them. 

127. Give a short account of the establishment of the Swiss Re- 
public. Mention some men and events famous in story and song re- 
ferring to Switzerland at that period. 

128. Give a brief account of the struggle that resulted in the 
granting of the Magna Charta, and state two or more of its impor- 
tant provisions. 



^242 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

129. Give a brief account of the events that led to the passage of 
the Bill of Rights in 1689, stating some of its important provisions. 

130. Give a short account of the enactment and the repeal of the 
Corn laws. 

131. Describe the character of Frederick the Great of Prussia, 
and the effect of his reign. 

132. Outline Rome's Conquest of the Mediterranean lands, men- 
tioning the chief wars in order, and giving the date of the subjection 
of the coast country that was the last to be conquered. 

133. Explain the term, "the Barrack Emperors." Who was the 
first of them? Describe the preceding period both as to character of 
emperors and prosperity of empire. 

134. (a) Whn and how did the Western Empire fall? 

(b) When and how did the Eastern Empire terminate? 

135. When and how was the Western Empire revived? 

136. How long did the period of the Crusades endure; how many 
crusades were made; and what was the date of the last? 

137. Giv an account of Sir Philip Sidney. 

138. Give a brief account of the origin of the Society of Jesus 
(the "Jesuits") and its earlier work, mentioning two men prominent 
in its early history. 

139. Describe the liberation and unification of Italy. 

140. What events may be taken as marking the ends of the peri- 
ods commonly designated as ancient and mediaevalf Give also the 
dates. 

141. Describe the sacred games of the ancient Greeks and the in- 
fluence of these upon the character of the people. 

142. Briefly contrast Grecian and Roman contributions to world 
civilization. 

143- (a) What significance attaches to the victory of Arminlus 
over Varus? 

144- Where was the battle fought, and who was the Roman 
emperor at the time? 

145. Name the Roman nations. How were they formed, and how 
were the languages spoken by their peoples formed ? 

146. Outline the work of Charlemagne, and state its importance. 

147. Give the date of the Norman conquest of England, and a 
brief statement of its most important results. 

^ 148. Give some account of Venice, with special reference to the 
time when the Venician State was at its zenith, \ 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 243 

149. Give the date and point out the deep cause and the most 
important effects of the Franco-Prussian war. 

150. Explain the circumstances and the importance of any two of 
the following events: (a) the Augsburg Settlement, 155; (b) the 
Peace of Westphalia, (c) the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, (d) 
the Peace of Paris, (e) the Congress of Vienna. 

151. (a) What events prevented the Persians from gaining do- 
minion in Europe? 

(b) What events prevented the Mohammedans from over- 
running Europe? 

152. Describe the characteristic features of the following types 
of architecture: (a) Grecian, (b) Roman, (c) Gothic. 

153- (a) Who was the Roman emperor at the time of the birth 
of Christ; (b) at the time of his death? (c) describe the condition of 
the empire at the latter time. 

154. Give an account of the rise of the Spanish nation. 

155' What two military religious orders were organized during 
the Crusades? What was the original purpose of each? Tell very 
briefly of their development and extinction. 

156. Brifly state the chief consequences (a) of the Hundred 
Years' War; (b) of the Thirty Years' War. 

157. Give an account of the final partition of Poland. 

158. Make statements of historical importance (and which explain 
the historical connections) concerning any four of the following: 
Confucius, Dante, Descartes, Kant, Conde, Knox, Von Moltke, 
Mommsen. 

159. What answer should be given to one who says: "History 
repeats itself ; nations rise, decline and fall ; there is no real progress in 
human affairs" ? 

160. In what two valle}^s of the world did civilization have its ear- 
liest development ? Why ? 

161. Mention reasons for the early development of civiliation in 
Greece. In Italy. 

162. For what is the age of Pericles noted ? 

163. What were the three forms of government prevailing in suc- 
cessive periods in Rome between the founding of that city and A. D 

476? 

164. What are leading characteristics of the Teutonic races? 

165. Why are the following dates important in general history? 
A. D. 476, 1453, 1492, 1066, 1815, 1776, 1648, 325? 

166. Who have been the three greatest European statesmen of this 
century ? Give a reason for each answer. 



244 Teachers' Guide and Question: Book. 



SOLID GEOMETRY. 

1. Prove that a trianglar prism is one-half of a parallopipedon of 
double the base and having the same altitude. 

2. Prove that the sum of two face angles of a triedral angle is 
greater than the third angle. 

3. State, without proof, the rule for finding the area of the surface 
of a sphere in terms of the radius. 

4. Write the formulas for the volume of a cone and the volume of 
a cylinder. 

5. Prove that the lateral surface of a pyramid is equal o the peri- 
meter of the base multiplied by one-half the slant height. 

6. What must be the diameter of a cylinder 8 feet high that it may 
contain 300 gallons? 

7. Defin surface polyedron, frustum of a cone, pyramid. 

8. Prove : If two straight lines are intersected by a series of paral- 
lel planes, the intercepts on one are proportioned to the intercepts of 
the other. 

9. Prove that a polyedron of four faces must have all its faces tri- 
angles ; in other words, prove that all tetrahedra are triangular pyra- 
mids. 

10. (a) Prove: A tetrahedron is one-third of the triangular prism 
on the same base and having the same altitude. 

(b) State a corollary of (a). 

11. The area of the base of a pyramid is 16 sq. ft. and the length 
of its altitude is 7 t. ; what is the area of a plane section parallel to the 
base, and 2 ft. 6 in. from the base? 

12. Prove : The sum of the angles of a spherical triangle is greater 
than one and less than three straight angles. 

13. The length of the diameter of th outside sphere of a hollow 
shell is 6 inches, and the volume of the interior cavi'ty is one-half that 
of the outer sphere ; find the thickness of the shell. 

14. Prove: Lines perpendicular to the same plane are parallel. 

15. Prove: A line makes with its own projection upon a plane 
•a less angle than Mnth any other line in a plane. 

16. Prove: If of two spherical triangles, the first is the polar 
bf the second, then the second is the polar of the first. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 245 

17. (a) Prove: The sum of the face angles of any convex 
polyhedral angle is less than a perigon ( four right anges) . 

(b) In how many ways can a poyhedral angle be made with re;gu- 
lar triangles and pentagons? 

18. What is the area of a spherical triangle whose angles are 
170 deg., 80 deg., 90 deg. on a sphere the length of whose diameter Is 
two inches ? 

19. What is the locus of the center of the center of a sphere that 
passes (a) through two given points, (b) through the vertices of a 
triangle ? 

20. If the earth be considered a sphere the length of whose 
radius is 4000 miles, what is the area of the zone visible from a point 
200 miles above thq surface? 

21. The length of two homologous lines in two similar solids 
are, respectively, 3 and 4 inches, the area of the surface of the solid 
to which the first line belongs is 108 sq. inches: and the volume 
of that solid is 181 cu. inches: find the area of the surface and the vol- 
ume of the other similar solid. 

22. Define solid, triedray angle, cube, prism, cone, sphere, par- 
allelopiped. 

23. In a triedral the sum of any two of the plane angles is greater 
than the third angle. Demonstrate. 

24. Find the locus of all points, any one of which is equally dis- 
tant from the three edges of a given triedral . 

25. Two parallelopipedons which have the same base and the 
same altitude are eiquivalent. Demonstrate. 

26. Prove that the convex surface of the frostum of a regular 
pyramid is equal to the sum of the perimeters of its bases multiplied 
by half of the slant height of the frustum. 

27. The greatest pyramid of Egypt is 450 feet high and its base 
is a square whose sides is 250 yards. Find its volume and its convex 
surface. 

28. Through four points not in the same plane the surface of one 
sphere may be made to pass, and but one. Demonstrate. 

29. Compute the volume and whole surface of a cone whose alti- 
tude is 16 feet and the radius of whose base is 12 feet. 

30. (a) How many straight lines are determined by five points, 
no three co-straight? 

31. How many planes are determined by five points no three co- 
sCraight, and no four co- planar? 

* 32. Prove: The sum of the face angles of any convex polyhedral 
angle is less than a perigon (four right angles). 



24.6 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

33. In how many ways can a polyhedral angle be made with 
regular triangles? — with regular pentagons? 

34. What is meant by the volume of a solid? 

35. As a corollary of the theorem that right parallelopipeds 
having the) same altitiide are proportional to their bases, and of all 
logical antecedent theorems, prove that the "volume" of a right par- 
allelopiped is the product of the lengths of any three concurrent 
edges. 

36. Find the ratios of a spherical surface to the cylindrical surface 
and to the entire surface of the circumscribed right cylinder. 

37. What is the area of a spherical triangle whose angles are 
119 deg. 130 deg,, 90 deg. on a sphere the length of whose diameter 
is two inches. 

38. What is the area of a spherical hexagon the sum of whose 
angles is sixteen radians on a sphere whose radius is the unit line ? 

39. (a) If a microscope magsifies 200 diameters, how many times 
enlarged as a solid does an object appear in its magnified image? 

(b) State the geometric theorem which gives the true answer to 
(a). 

40. Prove: The sections of a prism made by parallel planes are 
equal polygons. 

41. Prove: The sections of a pyramid made by a plane parallel 
to the base is a polygon similar to the base, 

42. Prove: The volumes of two rectangular parallelopipeds 
are to each other as the products of their three demensions. 

43. Find the volume) of a pyramid whose altitude is 8 feet and 
area of whose base is 18 sq. feet. 

44. Write formulas for the surface ad the volume of a sphere. 

45. A right cone whose altitude is 24 feet is cut by a plane 
parallel to the base and 8 ft. from the base. What is the ratio of 
the volumes of the two parts into which it divides the corie. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 247 



BOOK-KEEPING. 

1. Define double-entry book-keeping and name the principal books 
required by this system. 

2. Give the successive steps in closing a double-entry ledger. 

3. Into what does loss and gain account close? When and how? 

4. Define : debit, credit, balance, bills receivable, bills payable. 

5. What is a trial balance, and for what is it used? 

6. Write a short letter to a wholesale grocery house, ordering 
five different articles. Write your check on the City National Bank 
of Dallas in payment of the bill ordered. 

7. Memeranda: July 18, 1898. Sold James Corner, on account, 

4 chairs, at $1.50; 2 tables, at $4.00; I sofa, $18 Bought 

of John Brown, for cash, i doz. book-cases, at $8.00 each 

Sold Raven Jones, on his note, 30 days, i suit of furniture, $40.00. 
Make proper entries in the day-book, cash-book, journal, and ledger, 

8. (a) Supposing you are bookkeeper for J. B. Wall & Co., 
carry the following memoranda and receipts to D. B. and post into 
L- ; (b) make an itemized bill to be presented to H. Williams: March 
5, 1896, sold H. Williams on account: 4 sacks flour at $1.40, 5 bu. 
oats at 35 cents, 2 bbls. apples at $3.50, 5 gal. molasses at 40 cents, 
150 lbs. sugar at 5 cents; April 7, 1896, received of H. Williams 
40 bu, corn at 35 cents, sold H. Williams 30 yds. calico at 8 1-3 
cenite, 18 yds. domestic at 9 cents, 34 bu. cotton seeds at 15 cents; 
May 15, 1896, received of H. Williams, i horse, $15, sold H. Wil- 
liams I bbl. molasses, per gal. 48 cents, 100 lbs. bacon at 12^^ 
cents; June i, 1896, received of H. Williams, balance cash. 

9. Make in proper form a negotiable interest-bearing note, with 
H. Williams as makee and J. B. Wall & Co. as payees; why is the 
note negotiable? 3. Make in proper form non-negotiable bank check; 
make in proper form sight draft; make in proper form a negotiable 
order. 4. Detfine the following terms (a) maker, (b) payee, (c) 
bills payable, (d) bills collectible, (e) bills receivable, (f) negotiable, 
(g) endorser. 

10. Make a page of a journal and journalize the account in No 
I. What is book-keeping? 2. Name the three kinds of accounts 
used in Double Entry Book-keeping. 3. What is a trial balance? 
What is its use? Why does it not necessarily show the ledger to be 
correct? 4. What is a Loss and Gain account? Name three ac- 
counts commonly found in the books of a wholesale merchant, that 



248 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

might properly be closed into the Loss and Gain account at the end 
of the year. 5. Rowan Holbrook and J. W. Ford, this day paid Wil- 
liams Bros, their note with accumulated interest; face of note $2000, 
interest $139.75. Make the proper journal entry of the above trans- 
action, for Williams Bros. 6. Write a good form of sight draft, 
in which T. J. Smith is drawer, I. B. Nalle, Lousville, Ky., the 
drawee, and John P. Morgan the, payee. 

11. Define: cash, bills receivable, bills payable, merchandise, 
expense. 

12. If a set of double entry books for an ordinary wholesale 
merchandising business, what books of original entry are used in the 
best practice? State the nature of the entries belonging to each of 
these books. [Sometimes wrongfully taught book-keepers use only 
one book of original entry (the old Italian Day Book). This is sim- 
ply journalizing everj^ entry, and is a clumsy method long obselete 
in good practice. Nevertheless (by omitting Nos. 2 and 6) the ap- 
plicant may avoid all questions involving this point, and still make 
100 per cent.] 

13. State the principle that should govern the use of red ink in 
the ledger. 

14. If a ledger were to be "closed" when a stock of goods was 
on hand, how would the merchandise account be closdd? 

15. Explain how the present worth of the proprietor could be 
found from a completely posted ledgeT. 

16. Show the books of original entr}- after all the following 
trinsactions have been appropriately entered: 

June I, 1902. — Applicant began business with $3000 cash, and 
note in his favor of John Goodpay for $1000, dated March i, 1902,. 
due in thre months with interest at 8 per cent. 

June I. Rented building at $30 a month, paying cash in advaace 
for one month. 

June 2. Bought 100 bbls. flour from Dallas Grocer}^ Co.,^ @ 
$5.50, and paid cash. 

June 3. Sold Silas Pacard on account 20 bbls. flour @ $6.00. 

June 4. Bought stationary, $4.25. 

June 4. Sold E. Austin for cash 2 bbls. flour @ $6.25. 

June 4. John Goodpay paid his note with interest. 

June 5. Sold Jacob Watts on his note at 30 days without interest 
50 bbls. flour @ $6.10. 

June 6. Decided to go out of business and lose rent paid in ad- 
vance. Sold balance of flour @ $5.90 a bbl. to Silas Pacard, half 
cash and half note at 60 da)s without interest. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 249 

17. Show the ledger accounts after complete posting of the orig- 
inal entries for the above transactions. 

18. Close itjhe le|dger. 
19., Show loss or gain. 

20. Show each book of original entry after the following trans- 
actions have been entered according to the principles of double eti- 
try bookkeeping, using cash book, purchase book, sales book, and jour- 
nal as the books of original entry. 

Jan. I, 1903; Frank Douglass and John Hull form a partnership 
, under style of Douglass & Hull. Douglass investing $4000 cash, 
$1600 merchandise, store fixtures $200, and a note against John Mur- 
phy for $700; Hull investing $6500 cash; the partners to share 
equally profit and loss. 

Jan. 2. Concern bought of Roby & Co. mdse. amounting to $500, 
paying half in cash. Sold B. Johnson & Co. mdse. on acc't, $640. 
Paid month's rent in advance, $60. 

Jan. 3. Paid acc't of Roby & Co., being allowed a discount of 2 
per cent. Sold Sam Alston mdse. for cash, $326. 

Jan. 5. Bought of Roby & Co., on account, mdse. $820. Bought 
of Smith & Herron, on account, mdse. $835. Sold Sam Alston mdse. 
on acc't $722. Paid for repairs $20.75. John Murphy pays his note 
three months before maturity, discounting at rate of 6 per cent per 
annum. 

Jan. 6. Sold W. H. Harris mdse, $240, receiving his note at 
90 days, interest 8 per cent for the amount. Accepted Roby & Co.'s 
draft on us, ten days from sight, for $500. 

Jan. 7. Sold mdse. for cash, $92.60. Sold W. H. Harris mdse. 
for cash, $340.50. Paid bill for drayage, $6.75. 

Jan. 10. Took inventory of stock, $2085 — Hull having died 
Jan. 7. 

21. Show the ledger accounts after complete posting of the orig- 
inal entries. 

22. Close all representative accounts into loss and gain account, 
and close the loss and gain account into the accounts of the respec- 
tive partners according to terms of agreements, so as to show the pres- 
ent worth of each partner. 

23. Douglass accepts all resources of the soncern at face value, 
and merchandise and fixtures as per invoice, as part of his share (but 
disregards any claim because of rent paid in advance), and draws 
the concern's check for full amount of Hull's present worth in the 
concern. Write the check on the Frst National Bank of Austin in 
favor of James Howard, Administrator of Estate of John Hull. 



250 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

24. Whati is bookkeeping? How does it aid ia the transaction 
of business? 

25. Define the following terms: Creditor, debtor, note, bills 
payable, bills receivable, check, draft, bill of exchange. 

26. Make out a bill for eight different articles that may ordinarily 
be found in a general store, bought by John P. Coleman from A. V. 
Thompson, at different time during the month of January, 1896. 
Write a check on the Falls City National Bank in full payment of 
the bill. 

27What is meant by the acceptance of a draft? Write a draft 
in proper form and show form of acceptance. 

28. Whatl book is used to give the history of transactions as 
they occur? What one to classify the results of the business? Rule 
forms of each, 

29. Give all the steps in closing a double-entry ledger. 

30. Define (a) invoice, (b) consignment, (c) assignment, (d) 
posting. 

31. Define fully trial balance, and balance sheet, and tell how 
made. 

32. Name the usual books of original entry in merchandising 
business and describe accurately ,Ae functions of each . What ser- 
vice does the ledger render in a well ordered business? 

33. What is meant by posting? . By closig the ledger? Give 
an example of a completely closed merchandise account, showing 
proper rulings and red ink entries. 

34. Make the proper entries in the books of original entry for 
the following transactions: 

I drew a ten days draft on John Smith in favor of tjie concern 
for $250, balance due on account, and received notice that the draft 
had been accejpted. 

B. W. Brown, who was due me $500 on account, failed in busi- 
ness. I accepted a payment of 25 per cent of the amount in full set- 
tlement of thdi debt, and received same in cash. 

35. After conducting a wholesale business for one year the 
books of a concern stand as follows: 

Proprietor's account credited with investment $I0,000 

Cash debit . 4,000 

Merchandise debit 25,000 

Merchandise credit ; 18,000 

Inventory of Merchandise I2,000 

Expense account debit 2,000 

Fixtures account debit 500 

Fixtures inventory 400 

Resources of 50 personal accounts 10,000 

Liabilities of 20 personal accounts 16,000 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 251 

36. Show all the ledger accounts except the "personal accounts," 
and close the proper ones into a loss and gain account. Close the 
proprietor's account, and show the net gain for the year, and his 
present worth. 

37.. Define {a) invoice, {b) consignment, (c) journalizisg. 

38. In what ledger accounts are gains or losses found? To what 
accounts are thej^ transferred in closing the ledger? 

39. Give the steps in closing a double-entry ledger? 

40. What is the utility or design of a suspense account? 

41. Wich what items should stock be debited? With what items 
credited ? 

Memoranda. — J. B. Russel & Co. bought of Amos Hall, Sept. 13, 
1890, a bill of dry goods amounting to $1,750.75. They paid cash 
$920, and gave their note for the balance., due in 90 da}'^s. The note 
was paid at maturity. 

42. Journalize the above transactions — books of Russel & Co. 

43. Post the items as journalized. 

Memoranda.— K. C. Mills bought of Howell Bros., June i, 1891, 
a bill of coal amounting to $100, on 60 days' time, 5 per cent discount 
for cash. Mr. MiUs paid $500 on receipt of bill, and the balance was 
charged to his account, the proper discount being allowed. 

44. Journalize the above transaction — books of Howell Bros. 
Memoranda. — ^A., B. <& C. enter into co-partnership, August 27, 

1890, A. investing $8,200, B. $7,500, and C. 6,000. At the end of 
the year the books of the firm show the folowing: Personal accounts, 
E. F. Dr. $1,962.38, Cr. $2,017.85; G. H., Dr. $856.50; I. J., Dr. 
$3,102.10, Cr. $228.64; M. N., Cr. $1,590. Notes taken, $2,700; 
notes that have been paid to 'the firm, $1,650. Cash received, $13,- 
024.80; cash paid, $11)480.33. Merchandise unsold per inventory, 
$18,916.45. Notes issued, $22,500; notes taken up and redeemed, 
$I7)350- Unexpired lease and fixtures per , inventory, $2,312.18. 
Drawn out by A., $2,400; by B., $1,800; by C, $1,200. 

45. Make a statement that shall exhibit all of the above facts, 
the amount of gain or loss, and the net capital of each member of 
the firm. 



25 2 Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 



PLANE TRIGONOMETRY. 

1. Define the following functions of an arc : Sine, cosine, tangent, 
cotangent. 

2. In a circle whose radius is unity, what is the sine of 30°, tan- 
gent of 60°, cosine of 90*^? 

3. If sinA equals COS2A what is the value of A? 

4. Show that sin (x plus y) equals sin x cos y plus cos x sin y. 
.5 Show that sin 2x equals 2 sin x cos x. 

6. Show method of solving a scalene triangle, having given two 
angles and their included side. 

7. (a) Clearly distinguish positive and negative angles. 

(b) Define the unit angles, degree and radian (the unit of "cir- 
cular measure"). 

(c) Measure in radians 32^. Measure in degrees 2.68 radians. 

8. Give the ratio, not the line, definitions of the six trigonometric 
functions. 

9. (a) Write the values of the functions of a negative right angle, 
(b) Calculate the fractions of 45"^. 

10. From the fact sin (x-|-y)==sin x cos y-]-cos x sin y, prove sin 
2x=2 sin X cos X. Deduce also the formula for cos 2x. 

11. Give sin -[-1-3 and that x is is in the second quadrant, find 
sec X and tan x. 

12. Given tan ^ x-[-4 sin - x=6, find sin x. 

13. (a) Prove loge m= l2E?J^ 

loga e 

14. Given two sides and the included angle of a triangle, make 
the formulae for measuring the remaining parts. Also show how 
lograithms would be applied to these formulas in practical calculation. 

15. Define sine, cosine and tangent; and prove that these trigo- 
nometric functions are always the same for the same angle. 

16. (a) Find the secant and tangent of half a right angle, 
(b) Find the sine and cosine of one-third of a right angle. 

17. Prove In any triangle a-=b^ -\-c- — 2bc cosA. 

18. Define the radian, or "unit of circular measure." 
(b) Express in radians 60° and 990°. 

(c) Express in degrees, minutes and seconds the angles^g^ and 5^. 

[In use of "circular measures" it is customary to omit the word 

radian (because the symbols for the degree and its submultiples are 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 253 

always expressed if the degree is the unit-angle used), thus the angle 
3^ means ^2 radian.] 

19. A ring of six inches in diameter is suspended from a point 4 
inches above its center by six equal strings attached to its circumfer- 
ference at equal intervals; find the cosine of the angle between two 
consecutive strings. 

20. Find the logarithm of the length of the side b in the triangle 
ABC from the following data: 

a=156.22, B=57o25', C=63H2'; also log 156.22=1.1937. 
log sin 57025 '=9.9256—10. log sin 58o53 '=9.9325— 10. From 
the calculated, log b, estimate roughly the value of &. 

From the caluculated log b, estimate roughly the value of b. 

21. Define tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant, and illustrate by 
proper figures. 

22. Determine the legs of a right triangle if the hypotenuse is 18 
and one angle is double the other. 

23. The radius of a circle^48 ft. ; what length of chord will an 
angle, at the centre, of 45 degrees subtend? 

24. Give the limiting values and signs of the scant of an angle as 
the angle inmreases from o degrees to 360 degrees. 

25. Pjove that tan x^^ If two sides of a triangle are 18 

cos X 

and 24 and the included angle 70 degrees, find expressions for the 
other parts of the triangle. Explain by diagram the method of deter- 
mining the width of a river. The height of a tree. In the triangle 
ABC given, A=65 degrees 30 minutes, B=7i degrees 45 minutes, 
and the side BC=I324 yds.; determine the other two sides. 

26. If two angles A and B in a triangle are complements show 
that: Sin A=cos B, tan A=cot B, sec A=csc B, cos A=sin B, cot 
A=tan B, esc A=sec B. 

. sin A 

27. In the triangle ABC prove that cot A= r- 

' "= cos A 

28. Construct the functions of an angle in Quadrant III. Give 
all the signs. How many angles less than 360 degrees have- the 
value cosine equal to-f^, and in what quadrants do they lie? 

29. A certain object on a plain appears at an elevation of 30 de- 
grees, and at a point 120 feet nearer the object it appears at an ele- 
vation of 45 degrees. How high is the object? 

30. If two sides of a riangle are 145 and 180, and the included 
angle 56 degrees, give the processes for finding the other sides of the 
ttiangle. 



254 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

31. The sun's altitude is 45 degrees. Show the process by which 
it may be determined what angle a stick must make with the horizon 
in order that its shadow is a horizontal plane may be the longest 
possible. 

32. Define and illustrate: Sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, sec- 
ant, cosecant. • 

33. Prove that if two angles, A and B, are complements of each 
other, sin A equals cos. B, tan. A equals cot. B, sec. A equals cos. B. 

34. Show by figure what changes take place in the magnitude aftd 
sign of the tangent of an angle as the angle increases from O to 270 
degrees. 

35. Prove that cos. (x-|-y)=cos. x cos. y — sin x sin y. 

36. With proper diagram, illustrate the method of finding the dis- 
tance between inaccessible objects. 

37. I the sun's altitude is 30 degrees, find the length of the 
longest shadow cast on a horizontal plane by a rod 20 feet in length. 

38. Make a table showing the signs of the trigonometric functions 
in each of the four quadrants. 

39. Prove: (a) sin-A-|-cos"A=i. 

(b) sec-A:=i-ftan-A. 

(c) csc-A:^i-|-cot-A. 

12 

40. li A is in the fourth quadrant, and cos A= — , find the other 

13 
five functions of A. 

41. A=cos— 1 y. ; B==sin— 1 y. ; C=tani (— i ) . 
Write values of A, B and C. 

42. Prove: sin(a-|-b,)cos a — cos (a-)-b) sin a=sin b. 

43. Solve for z: cos 2zXcos z= — i. 

. 44. The lengths of the sides of a school district of triangular form 
are 8.943 miles, 7.2415 miles, and 10.817 miles respectively. Give 
the scheme of the calculation for finding the area of the district show- 
ing how logarithms would be applied. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 255 



PSYCHOLOGY. 

1. What is the fundamental law of association of ideas? 

2. Distinguish between (a) sensation and emotion, (b) sensation 
and perception, (c) perception and conception. 

' 3. What is a habit? How are mental habits formed? How may 
an old habit be broken? 

4. Analyze memory into its elements, showing upon what each 
element is dependent and how it may be improved. 

5. (a) Write a correct syllogism. 

(b) Write a faulty syllogism, and point out the fallacy. 

6. (a) Distinguish between induction and deduction. 

(b) Is anj^ judgment purely inductive, or purely deductive? 

7. (a) Define concept, (b) Give two instances of wholly new 
coscepts (i. e., new to the pupil) which the teacher must lead a pupil's 
mind to form in the usual studies of elementary schools or high 
schools. 

8. (a) Define judgment, (b) Give two instances of judgments 
that a pupil must form in the study of some ordinary lesson. 

9. (a) Define imagination, (b) Give two instances where the 
pupil must use the power of imagination in order to comprehend the 
teacher's instruction. 

10. Discuss prejudice psychologically. 

11. (a) Define concrete, (b) Abstract. 

12. Discuss active and passive attention in children of different 
ages, and ways in which the teacher may induce each. 

13. Explain how the will of a child may be strengthened, and 
how the development may be either right or evil. 

14. Distinguish psychologically between firmness and stubborn- 
ness. 

15. Describe the principal epochs, or stages, in the psychological 
development of the individual. Do these correspond with physiologi- 
cal stages? Discuss the character of study adapted to each stage, and 
how from this standpoint (to say nothing of other manifest advant- 
ages) how much better six years for the elementary school and four 
for the high school is than eight years for the elementary school and 
four years for the high school. 

16. State some psychological law and the corresponding principle 
in teaching. 



256 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

17. Explain what is meant by subjective and objective attitudes 
of the mind. 

18. Explain abstraction and generalization. Why are generaliza- 
tions the goal of instruction? 

19. "Attention develops interest." Explain psychologically. 

20. Explain why inhibition is so important a term in psychology. 

21. Give a clear example of each of the following classes of emo- 
tions (a) Egotistic, (b) altruistic, (c) intellectual, (d) aesthetic, 
(e) moral. 

22. Write a short paragraph on the "Unity of the Mind." 

23. Mention three mental habits that pupils should be induced to 
form, and explain the value of each habit. 

24. Define consciousness, and explain its office and value. 

25. Name and explain briefly the elements of perception. 

26. Mention and define concisely the three forms of representa- 
tion. 

27. State three of the primary laws of assication. 

28. Explain the process by which the mind arrives at a simple 
judgment; as, that "iron is a metal." 

29. Discuss the nature of the sensibilities. Name the principal 
divisions of the sensibilities. 

30. Show the relation of the sensibilities to action. 

31. Mention three sensibilities that should be cultivated; three 
that should be repressed. 

32. Mention some means of cultivating the aesthetic emotions. 

■ 33. What are the chief means through which will power de- 
velops ? 

34. Show the relations of will to character. 

35. Enumerate Avays in which character may be built up. 

36. Review in order the office of perception, memory, imagina- 
tion, conception, judgment. 

37. What is the fundamental law of association of ideas? 

38. Distinguish between (a) sensation and epiiotion, (b) sensa- 
tion and perception, (c) perception and conception. 

39. What is a habit? How are mental habits formed? How 
may an old habit be broken? 

40. Anal_vze memorj^ into its elements, showing upon what each 
element is dependent and how it may be improved. 

41. (a) Write a correct syllogism. 

(b) Write a faulty syllogism, and point out the fallacy.^ 

42. Distinguish between induction and deduction. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 257 

43. Is any judgment purely inductive, or purely deductive? 

44. Define (a) percept, (b) concept, (c) intuition, (d) judg- 
rnent. 

45. What is apperception? Explain its importance from the 
standpont of teaching. 

46. (a) State the principal laws of the association of ideas, (b) 
What is the fundamental principle of all recall? 

47. (a) Discuss prejudice psychologically. (b) Distinguish 
psychologically betv^^een firmness and stubbornness. 

48. What is imagination? Show how weakness of imagination, 
or failure to use that power of the mind, in both teacher and pupil, 
cause much lack of success in teaching. 

49. Describe the principal epochs, or stages, in the psychological 
development of the individual. Do these correspond with psychol- 
ogical stages? Discuss the character of study adapted to each stage; 
and show from this standpoint (to say nothing of other manifest 
advantages) how much better six years for the elementary school and 
four for the high school is than eight years for the elementary school 
and four years for the high school. 

50. (a) Define psychology. 

(b) What is "physiological psychology?" 

51. Explain the difference between percept and concept. 

52. (a) What is appreciation? (b) Explain its importance in 
tieaching. 

53. What is meant by sub-consciousness? (Explain and illus- 
trate. ) 

54. What is the psychological basis of Froebel's educational 
theory? 

55. Explain what Froebel means by saying, "the external must be 
made internal to the child ; the internal, external." 

56. Show that the intellect, the emotions, the will must all be 
developed and disciplined in order to form a strong character. 

57. Give a general classification of the mental faculties. 

58. Give the order and time in which the mental faculties should 
be cultivated. 

59. Define desire and aversion. 

60. Define hope, discouragement, despair, alarm, fear, terror. 

61. Define consciousness; explain its office and value. 

62. Define disbelief, doubt, uncertainty, emotions and appetite. 

63. Distinguish egoistic and altruistic feelings. 

64. What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary 
attention; illustrate. ' 



258 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

• 65. Give an outline of the opposites. 

66. What is the fundamental law of association of ideas? 

67. Distinguish between (a) sensation and emotion, (b) sensa- 
tion and perception, (c) perception and conception. 

68. What is a habit? How are mental habits formed? How 
may an old habit be broken? 

69. Analyze memory into its elements, showing upon what each 
element is dependent and how it may be improved. 

70. (a) Write a correct sjdlogism. 

(b) Write a faulty sjdlogism and point out the fallacy. 

71. (a) Distinguish between induction and deduction. 

(b) Is any judgment purely inductive or purely deductive? 



ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE. 

i^ Name two great prose writers and two great poets of the 
Elizabethan age, and give a brief account of the works of each. 

2. Compare L' Allegro and II Penseroso as to subject-matter and 
metrical effects. Which poem more truly represents the mind and 
heart of Milton? 

3. Write a brief contrast between Macaulay and Carljde. 

4. What is meant by the Romantic school in English literature? 
Name three writers of that school, and a charateristic work of each. 

5. Name the author and give a brief description of each of the fol- 
lowing: "Essay on Man," Gulliver's Travels," "Childe Harold," 
Sir Roger de Coverly Papers, "Queen Mab," "The Princess." 

6. Give a brief account of the writings of Washington Irving. 

7. Name two great romances of Hawthorne, and give a brief ac- 
count of one of them. 

8. Name a great American essajast ;three poets born in New Eng- 
land; two poets born in the Southern States, mentioning at least one 
work of each of the six named. 

9. Why are none of the writings produced before the Revolution 
classed as polite literature? 

10. By what work is Jonathan Edwards best known? Benjamin 
Franklin ? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 259 

11. Who is caled the father of American literature, and why? 
Name three of his works. 

12. Give the story of thie reason for Cooper's adopting fiction as 
his principal literary work. Name five of Cooper's works. 

13. Name seventeen American authors, and a work of each. 

14. Name an editor, a poet and two orators who advocated aboli- 
tion before 1850. 

15. Who wrote "Uncle Tome's Cabin"? What can you say of 
the importance of this book? 

16. State the characteristics of Franklin's style, and name his 
most noted literary production. 

17. Who was the author of "A History of New York, by Died- 
rich Knickerbocker"? Name three other productions of the same 
writer. 

18. Give a brief sketch of Edgar Allen Poe, and name his most 
celebrated poem. 

19. Mention five of Longfelow's poems. Why is Longfellow 
sometimes called "the children's poet," and sometimes called "the 
people's poet" ? 

20. Who is the author of "Snow-bound" ? Write a short criticism 
on the poem. 

21. What are the characteristics of Bret Harte's novels? Of 
Mark Twain's ? 

22. Givea brief sketch of the life and writings of John Milton. 

23. Give an outline of Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress." 

24. Give a sketch of the life of Sir Walter Scott, and mention 
five of his productions. 

25. Name the author of each of the following: "Childe Harold," 
"Vicar of Wakefield," "Rienzi," "Gulliver's Travels," "The Task," 
"Novum Organum." 

26. Give an outline of one of the following works: "Nicholas 
Nickleby," "Last Days of Pompeii," "The Bride of Lammermoor." 

27. Write a brief criticism on one of the following poems: 
"Locksley Hall," "The Cotter's Saturday Night." 

8. Give a brief history of Goeffrey Chaucer, What was the 
plan of the "Canterbury Tales"? To what extent was the plan 
carried out? 

29. What are the peculiarities of Macaulay's style? Name one 
or more of his works. 

30. Give an account of the life and writings of Robert Browning. 



26o Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 

31. Give an outline of the life and writings of Samuel Johnson. 

32. Name the author of each of the following: "The Ancient 
Mariner," "The Course of Time," "Lord Ullin's Daughter," "Lalla 
Rookh," "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage," "Guy Manering," "The 
Vision of Judgment." 

33. Give a sketch of the life and writings of Lord Tennyson. " 

34. Give an outline of "Sartor Resartus," and give a sketch of its 
author's life and literary works. 

35. Name three prominent characters in the "Merchant of Ven- 
ice," and mention some distinguishing characteristic of each. 

36. Sketch briefly the character of Shylock. 

37. Name the three friends so intimately associated with Mr. 
Pickwick. 

38. Mention two traits of the personal character of Dickens. 

39. From what does the "Scarlet Letter" take its title? How 
does it shows the habib of thought of the people of that time? 

40. Mention some characteristics of Hawthorne's stiyle. 

41. In "The Pioneers" state where the scene of the story is laid, 
and mention three of its prominent characters. 

42. Mention some characteristics of Cooper's works. 

43. State who Evangeline was, give the subject of the poem, and 
state where the scene was laid. 

44. Who was Jessica? Lorenzo? Launcelot? Mr. Wordle? 
Arthur Dimmesdalc? Roger Chillisgworth ? Jugde Temple? Basil? 
Gabriel ? Felician ? 

45. Name two great prose writers and two great poets of the 
Elizabethan age, and give a brief account of the works of each. 

Compare "L' Allegro" and "II Penseroso" as to subject-matter and 
metrical ffect. Which poem more truly represents the mind and heart 
of Milton? 

47. Write a brief contrast between Macaulay and Carlyle. 

48. What is meant by the Romantic school in English literature? 
Name three writers of that school, and a characteristic work of each. 

49. Name the author and give a brief description of each of the 
following: "Essay on Man," "Gulliver's Travels," "Childe Harold," 
Sir Roger de Coverly Papers, "Queen Mab," "The Princess." 

50. Give a brief account of the writings of Washington Irving. 

51. Name two great romances of Hawthorne, and give a brief 
account of one of them. 

52. Name a great American essaj'ist, three poets born in New 
England, two poets born in the Southern States, mentioning at least 
one work of each of the six named. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 261 

53. What was the state of English literature during the century- 
following the death of Chaucer? Account for this. 

54. Describe the character and influence of the drama during the 
reign of Elizabeth ; name five dramatists of that period. 

55. Contrast the life, character and literary and political environ- 
ments of Shakespeare with those of Milton. 

56. Describe the effect of the French influence upon English 
literature during the century following the restoration of the Stuarts. 

57. What was the character and probable influence of works of 
Dryden, Pope, Addison, Steele and Swift? Name principal works of 
each. 

58. Give outline of character of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and tell the 
nature of his works. 

59. During what period did English writers turn their attention 
to the novel? To what influence was this probably due? Name and 

ive principal works of the five greatest English novelists. 

60. What was the nature of the works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, 
Gray, Goldsmith,- Burns? Namq the principal works of Lord 
Byron, 

61. Outline the character and work of Thomas Carlyle; of Lord 
Macaulay. 

62 Name the recent scientific writers ; give principal works of John 
Ruskin, Robert Browning, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Alfred 
Tennyson. 

63. What race elements have probably exerted the greatest influ- 
ence on American literature ? What was th nature of that literature 
until the time of Irving? 

64. Why is Irving caled the first American writer? What recog- 
ikion did his works receive in England? Name his principal works. 

Mention the characteristics of his style. 

65. Name the Concord school of writers, and discuss the influence 
of their attitude toward transcendentalism.' 

66. Mention the character, influence, works and style of the au- 
thor you consider the greatest American poet ; of the greatest essayist. 

67. Discuss the American novel ; its use, growth, popularity ; out- 
line the work nad character of Hawthorne. 

68. Name the poets who in the early part of our century clus- 
tered around Cambridge; mention their principal works. 

69. What have American writers done in historical lines? Name 
works of William H. Prescott, John W. Draper, John Lothrop Mot- 
ley, George Bancroft. 



262 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

70. Give outline of charactex and works of Edgar Allen Poe; 
name two other Southern poets since Poe who have won vv-ide recog- 
nition. 

71. Name four greatest Southern writers since the Civil War, 
and tell the character of work done by each. 

72. Give a brief account of Addison's writings and of their effect 
upon English literature. 

73. What are the chief characteristics of Pope's literary works? 
Explain its importance. Give a quotation from Pope. 

74. Name Carlyle's chief works. Briefly describe their character 
and influence. Which of them have you read, and with what effect? 

75. What has been the favorite dramatic verse-form in English? 
Illustrate by a quotation. 

76. Name two poems by each of the following: Shelly, Byron, 
Burns, Robert Borwning, Poe, Lowel, Lanier. Give a quotation from 
at least two poems you mention. 

77. State the author and the nature or form of each of the fol- 
lowing works: "Rasselas," "Vani]ty Fair," "Tale of a Tub," "Tris- 
tram Shandy," "Utopia," "Alexander's Feast,", "Tales of a Wayside 
Inn," "The Fall of the House of Usher," "Uncle Remus," "The 
Choir Invincible," "Comus Astoria." 

78. Which tends to develop higher qualities in a people, prose or 
poetry ? Why ? 

79. Compare idealism and realism in literature. 

80. Name the author, and another work by the same tauthor, of 
each of the folowing: "Canterbury Tales," "Cymbeline," "The De- 
serted Village," "The Princess," "Recessional." 

81. Name a poem written in each of the following metrical forms, 
and quote from at least one of the poems you name: Sonnet, heroic 
couplet, blank verse, dactylic hexameter, Spencerian stanza. 

82. Who was the first American writer to win general apprecia- 
tion in England ? Name two of his works. To what English writer 
does he bear resemblance? 

83. Describe sympathetically any one of the following: "Snow 
Bound," "The Chambered Nautilus," "Tanglewood Tales," "Hia- 
watha." 

84. Give an account of "Poor Richard's Almanac," and at least 
one quotation. 

85. Name four American historians whose works belong to litera- 
ture, and tell the chief field in which each has worked. 

_ 86. (a) Name five of Milton's poems, (b) two of his prose writ- 
mgs, and (c) comment upon his style in each. 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 263 

87. Give an account of the "Spectator," and its influence upon 
English literature. 

88. Contrast briefly the eras of Pope and of Wadsworth. 

89. (a) Which is the most musical of American poets? (b) 
Which is the most obscure? (c) Name two poems of each. 

90. Name three great American historians whose works belong 
to true literature, and tell the chief historical fields of each. 

gi. Name two poems hy each of the following: Shelley, Byron, 
Burns, Tennyson, Browning, Longfellow, Lanier. Give a quotation 
from at least two of the poems you mention. 

92. States the author, the form, and the nature of the subject-mat- 
ter of any six of the following works: "Hudibras," "The School for 
Scandal," "The Vicar of Wakefield," "Rime of the Ancient Mari- 
ner," "Waverly," "Pendennis," "Poor Richard's Almanack," "The 
Last of the Mohicans," "The Gold Bug," "The Marble Faun," "Rep- 
resentative Men," "Songs of the Sierras." 

93. Give a sketch of Cotton Mather, indicating something of his 
ancestry, his profession, his learning, the extent of his literary labors, 
the scope of his writings, and the name and character of his principal 
book. 

94. Give an outline of the life, character and writings of Wash- 
ington Irving. 

95. Indicate briefly the personal and literary characteristics of 
John Lothrop Motley, and name his great works. 

96. Quote a passage from "Thanatopsis." Who is the author of 
this poem? Mention the characteristics of the poem, and show how 
they are related to the character of the author. 

97. Give the title of a poem by Lowell, of an essay by Emerson, of 
a poem by Whittier, of a history by Prescott. 

98. Give a synopsis of "Snow Bound." Point out the excellences 
of the poem. 

99. Name five living authors of more than local reputation, and 
mention some of the writingse of each. 

100. What are the three periods in the development of the English 
language ? 

lOi. Who was Chaucer ? Name three of his works. 

102. Name the four greatest English poets, and a work of each. 

103. Name two poets and two prose wirters of the classical school. 

104. Why are Keats, Shelley, Coleridge, and Wordsworth usual- 
ly spoken of as belonging to the romantic school ? 

105. Name a work of each of the following authors: Malory, 
Sir Philip Sidney, Sir Walter Raleigh, Spencer, Shakespeare, Ben 
Johnson, Dryden, Pope, Swift, Addison, Goldsmith, Gray, Johnson, 
Keats, Shelley, Wordsworth, Tennyson. 



264 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 



HISTORY OF EDUCATION. 

1. Name three men prominent in the history of education who 
lived between 500 B. C. and. 300 B. C. ; also three who lived between 
1450 A. D. and 1600 A. D., and tell briefly what j^ou can of the in- 
fluence of each. 

2. What is meant by humanismf Name two Italian and two Ger- 
man humanists. 

3. How did scholasticism differ from monasticism, its predecessor? 
4 What were some of the effects of the work of Martin Luther 

in icgard to education? 

5. Give an account of the work of Horace Mann. 

6. Contrast the present French system of education with that of 
Germany. 

7. Wise leaders are warning: "We must retreat from the untena- 
ble position of Rousseau." What is meant by this, and what instances, 
can you point out of the tendency against which this warning is given ? 

8. Give a sketch of Horace Mann, or Henry Barnard. 

9. What was Rousseau's great educational work? Indicate its 
influence. 

10. Give ?ome of the leading principles taught by Pestaloz/ci. 

11. Give an account of Froe^bel's system. 

12. Indicate the value of Herbert Spencer's "Essays on Educa- 
tion." 

13 Indicate the educational labors of John Amos Comenius; 
state one or mord educational principles first clearly enunciated by 
him. 

14. Explain some of the teachings of Montaigne on education. 

15. Give an outline and growth of the public school system of one 
of the following: Prussia, France, England, Massachusetts. 

: 6. Give an account of the rise and growth of normal scho jIs. 

17. Who was the most popular teacher of scholasticism, and with 
what great school was he associated? 

18. State (a) Roger Aschman's most noted work, (b) the name 
of his most distinguished pupil, (c) his method of teaching the classi- 
cal languages. 

19. What do you consider Pestalozzi's greatest achievement? 

20. for what achievement in the advancement of educat'OP>is 
pedagogy particularly indedted to Basedow and his folowers? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 265 

21. What are the ruling principles of Froebel's kindergarten 
method ? 

22. (a) What seem to be Herbert Spencer's ideas concerning the 
end and aim of education? (b) Criticise them. 

23. State two important subjects extensively treated in the reports 
of Horace Man. 

24. Give a brief account, from the standpoint of the history of 
education of either Socrates or Comenius. 

25. Discuss the influence upon educational ideals and practice of 
either Rousseau or Herbert Spencer. 

26. Explain the psychological basis of Froebel's method. 

27. Describe and explain hov^^ effects of Bacon's great w^ork have 
influenced methods of teaching. 

28. Give a short account of Humanism. 

29. Mention briefly the leading priciples advocated by Pestalozzi. 
30.- Who is the founder of the kindergarten? What are the lead- 
ing principles that underlie kindergarten work? 

31. Who is the author of the doctrine that the acquisition of the 
most yabiable knowledge affords also the best discipline for the m-nc ? 
Discuss this proposition. 

32. Who was the author of "Emile" ? What are Its leading ideas, 
and wli£t can you say of the influence of the book? 

>3. Give a short sketch of the II ^c and work of David P. Pa;^c, 
Henry Barnard. 

34. Who was the author of "Orbis Pictus"? State two import- 
ant principles taught by him. 

35. Give an account of the growth and development of the 
common school system In the United States. 

36. Discuss briefly the character and work of Horace Mann. 

37. Give a short account of the origin and growth of normal 
schools. 

38. Write a short sketch of the life and works of Pestalozzi. 

39. Name three Aemrican educators noted for their work in con- 
nection with the universities; three noted for their labor In bhalf of 
the public schools. 

40. Give an account of the work of Robert Ascham. 

41. Who was the author of "Leonard and Gertrude"? Explain 
some of the leading Ideas of the book. 

42. What work on education was writen by Rousseau? What 
was the leading object of the book? 

43. In two short paragraphs set forth the commendable and non^ 
commendable features of Plato's theory of education. 



266 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

44. Tell briefly what you can of Aristole's educational principles. 

45. Describe Charlemagne's work for education. 

46. (a) When and where was attendance at school first made 
compulsory? (b) Name two countries in Euroep in which it is now 
compulsory. 

47. State the difference between the German real-schule and 
gymnasium. 

48. (a) State the periods of time assigned to the vorschule and 
the gymnasiu?n in the German system of public education ; and desig- 
nate the stage of advancement attained in each by referring to familiar 
stages in the American system. 

49. (b) What are proper inferences from the facts shown by 
this comparison ? 

50. Give a brief account of the work of Horace Mann. 

51. Give an account of the growth and development of the com- 
mon school system in the United States. 

52. Discuss briefly the character and work of Horace Mann. 

53. Give a short account of the origin and growth of public 
schools. 

54. Write a short sketch of the life of Pestalozzi. 

55. Name three American educators noted for their work in con- 
nection with the universities; three noted for their labor in behalf of 
the public schools. 

56. Who was the author of "Leonard and Gertrude?" Eplain 
some of the leading ideas of the book. 

58. What work on education was writen by Rousseau? What 
was the leading obpect of the book? 

59. In China, what value is placed upon education? How does it 
affect governmental positions ? 

60. Contrast the educational systems of Athens and Sparta. 

61. What influence, in the Middle Ages, did t^he church exert 
over education ? 

62. Give some of the characteristics of education during the 
Renaissance period. 

63. How did the Jesuits influence education? Describe their 
schools. 

64. Who was Locke? Fenelon? What of the education of wo- 
men at the time these men lived ? 

_ 65. Who was Rousseau, and what book did he write which is con- 
sidered a great educational work? 

66. What effect had the French Revolution upon education in 
France during the early part of the nineteenth century ? 

67. Duscuss the work of Pestalozzi. 

_68. What made Froebel famous? What do you known of Her- 
bart? 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 267 



CHEMISTRY. 

1. Define chemistry; chemical change. State what is meant by 
inorganic chemistry. 

2. What is meant by the atomic weight of an element? What 
element is taken as the unit of measure in atomic weights? 

3. Of what principal elements is water composed? State a sim- 
ple* process by which this is demonstrated. 

4. Why do some bodies decompose more easily and readily than 
others ? 

5. What is commonly known as "nature's scavenger?" Why? 

6. Give the symbol for each of the following: Water, gold, hy- 
drogen, lead, mercury, nitre, silver, iron. 

7. Name two reasons why the blacksmith plunges his heated ions 
into watelr. 

8. Why is the flame of an alcohol lamp so much hotter than that 
of a common oil lamp ? 

9. Name what is represented by each of the following symbols: 
H2O, COo, NaCl, KNO3, H^N, FeCOg. Describe the process of 
smelting iron ores. 

10. Define valence; and state the valence of at least two of the 
following elements: O. N. CI, C. 

11. State a process of testing for any one of the following: Fe, 
Hg,K,Sr,Ag. 

12. Name the following in the systematic terminology of chemis- 
try: QH,, QHe, CS2, EeSO,, HCIO, N„0, NaA^, SO3. 

13. Write the symbol of at least three of the following substances, 
and state how many of them is prepared: (-) colomel, (2) corrosive 
sublimate, (3) salamoniac, (4) copperas, (5) quicklimei. 

14. How would you obtain 572 grains of carbon dioxide, and what 
weights of material would be required? 

15. (a) How would you produce nitric acied from sodium ni- 
trate? (b) Write the formula that expresses the reactions in (a). 

16. At OoC, with the 750 mm. pressure the volume of a certain 
mass of nitrogen is 45 cu. cm.; what would be its volume at QIqC, 
with pressure of 760 mm. ? 

17. (a) How many ounces of oxygen in a pound of water? 
(b) How many grams of oxygen in a kilogram of water? 

18. Describe a good test for organic impurities in drinking water. 



268 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

19. What action has nitric acid on metals. What is a compound 
radical ? 

20. Tell how to prepare chorine, and give the equation. How- 
does chlorine act as a bleacher and disinfectant? 

21. Describe ammonia gas and give its exact composition. What 



is aqua ammonia 



22. If H is burned in air what is the product? What, if H is 
burned in CI? 

23. Give a test for asenic; for iodine; for chlorine. 

24. How is cast Iron changed to wrought iron? How is steel 
made ? 

25. What does chemical formula show? Interpret fully the fol- 
lowing: 2H Cl-)-Zn=Zn CI--I-2H. 

26. State the difference between organic and inorganic chemistry. 

27. How is onygen prepared? Give Its physical properties. 

28. Chemically considered, what is a base? an acid? a salt? 

29. What is soap? Describe Its manufacture. 

30. Describe Marsh's test for arsenic. 

31. Give the difference between a physical change and a chemi- 
cal change; between a compound and a mixture. 

32. Is water a compound or a mixture. Describe an experiment 
to prove your answer. 

33. Describe the process of manufacturing sulphuric acid. Write 
Its symbol. Give some of its properties. 

34. Give the symbol for alchohol, lime, calomel, sulphur, nitric 
acid, borax, 

35. Write the name of each of the following substances: KNO3, 
HCl, CaCOg, Na^COg, NH.Cl. 

36. How Is copper nitrate prepared? 

37. If a cold tumbler is held over the flame of a candle, water 
Is deposited on the Inside of the glass ; explain the cause. 

38. A mass of pure carbon weighing in a vacuum one pound Is 
burned in the air; what wll the resulting compounds weigh In a vac- 
uum? 

39. Explain how to prepare laughing gas from ammonium car- 
bonate and nitric acid. 

40. Why is the flame of a Bunsen burner less luminous than an 
ordinary gas burner? 

41. Name the characteristic properties of potassium. Iodine, CI, 

Na. 

42. Distinguish between the properties of CO and CO", and ex- 
plain how each destroys life. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 269 

43. Distinguish between cast iron and wrought iron ; between 
wrought iron and steel. 

44. What group of atoms in every sulphate? In every hydrate? 
.45. How are "organic" and "inorganic" chemistry now usually 

defined ? 

46. Define acid^ base, alkali, salt, naming and expressing in chem- 
ical syrnbols an example of each. 

47. Explain the significance of the terminations -ic, -ous, -ate, 
-lie, naming and expressing in chemical symbols compounds so named. 

48. If a piece of pure carbon weighing one pound in a vacuum 
were burned in air, what would the product of the combustion weigh 
in a vacuum? 

49. What is the weight of each element in one pound of (a) 
water, (b) table salt? 

50. Ninety c.c. of gas at zero temperature (centigrade) and 760 
mm. pressure (one atmosphere) occupies what volume at 140 de- 
grees and 40 atmospheres? 

51. State Avogadro's hypothesis, and explain its importance in 
chemistry. 

52. (a) To what gas is suffocation in wells, caves, and mines 
commonly due? Give the symbol. 

(b) To what gas are mine explosions commonly due? Give the 
symbol. 

53. Name two disinfectants and explain their action as such. 

54. Describe a test for organic impurities in drinking-water. 

55. How may hydrogen be prepared from zinc and sulphuric 
acid? Write the equation expressing the reaction. 

56. Name the three products, if nitric acid is poured on copper; 
describe each product; and state the reaction in a chemical equation. 

57. Name in order of abundance the three most abundant ele- 
ments in the earth's crust, and comment briefly upon the occurrence 
and importance of each. 

58. What acid and what base would you use to prepare any two 
of the three following" salts : Sodium chloride, copper sulphate, cal- 
cium nitrate. State each reaction in a chemical equation. 

59. What is the formula for ammonia? What is formed when a 
solution of ammonia is mixed with a solution of hydrochloric acid? 
Give equation of reaction. Is amomnia a base"? 

60. What is the weight of each constituent element in lOO g. of 
(a) water, (b) table salt, (c) quick lime, (d) slaked lime? 



270 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

61. If a piece of pure carbon weighing i lb. in a vacuum were 
completely burned in a free supply of air, what would the product 
of the combustion weigh in a vacuum? 

62. One hundreds grams of zinc with enough dilute sulphuric 
acid can produce (a) how much hydrogen? (b) how much zinc sul- 
phate ? 

63. Give a short account of either iron or copper in respect to 
(a) sources in nature, (b) means of extraction. 

64. (a) Describe the sctructure of a candle flame. (Use a dia- 
gram, (b) Explain Sir Hunmphry Davy's safety lamp. 

65. Write the chemical formula of baking soda, and explain its 
use in baking. 

66. How are "organic" and "inorganic" chemistry now usually 
defined ? \ 

[In order to avoid possibly unjust consequences of accidental for- 
geting of atomic weights, the commonl)^ used approximations of the 
atomic weights of the folowing elements are given: O, 16; C, 12; 

67. Explain the respective meanings of the terminations, -ide, -ous, 
K, 39; Na, 23; CI, 35.2; N, 14; Cu, 63.5; S, 32; Ca, 40; Zn, 65.] 
-ic, -ite, -ate. 

68. State the characteristic properties of an acidj of a base, of a 
salt; give the name and formula of two examples of each; and write 
the chemical equation of the reaction of an acid on a base. 

69. Describe Chlorin, giving properties, occurrence, production, 
uses. 

70. Describe the production of sulphuric acid ; and explain how 
hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are made from their salts by the 
use of sulphuric acid, writing the equations. 

71. Describe perioxide of hydrogen, including its composition, 
properties and uses. 

72. Explain the phenomena that attend the dropping of a piece 
of patassium on water. Write the chemical equation. 

73. Iron occurs in nature chiefly in combination with oxygen. Ex- 
plain how it is freed from oxygen. What element must be removed 
from cast iron to convert it into wrought iron? 

74. How much sodium carbonate is required to make 10 grams o*f 
sodium nitrate? (At. wts. : Na. 23; N. 14; O, 16; C, 12; H, i). 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 27 1 



COURSE OF STUDY 

For rural and village schools, on basis of six months for each school 
year. 

FIRST YEAR. 

Branches — Reading, spelling, language, numbers and writing. 

Reading — Chart, first half year. Second Reader, second half. 

Spelling — Words from Chart and name's of objects, first half year. 
Words from Reader, names of pupils, etc., second half. 

Language — Oral and written, based on lessons in reading, first and 
second half year. 

Numbers — Frist half year, add, subtract, multiply and divide i to 
20 inclusive. Use object, then figures. 

Second half use, as in first half, i to 50, inclusive, and multiplica- 
tion table to 6s. 

Teach day, week, years, coins, inch, foot, etc. 

Write numbers to 100. Teach use of signs of addition, subtraction, 
multiplication and division. 

For guide and simple examples, use arithmatic by grades and Ginn's 
Number Lessons. 

SECOND YEAR. 

First and Second Plalf Year. 

Reading Second Reader, completed, first half year. Second 
half year use Supplementary Second Reader, Graded Literature. 

Use same series for supplementary reading through the fourth year. 

Spelling — ^Taught in concction with reading and language. Spe- 
ci?.l drill on difficult words, names of dayr, proper names, etc. 

Language — First half year, extend work of first year and add de- 
scriptions, leters, etc. Second half, observe common objects, ants, 
dogs, lambs, etc., and tell what you see. 

Numbers — First half year, continue first year's work to 100, using 
no multiplier greater than ten. Learn multiplication table to i6s. 

Second half year, continue work of first half 3'ear, using numbers to 
12x12. 

Write and read numbers to 1,000, Use Arithmetic by Grades, Part 
IL Writing, use copybook No. 1^-4, and each successive to No. 6 in 
sixth year. 



272 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 



THIRD YEAR. 

Reading — Use Third Reader first four months. Two remaining 
months, Supplementary Third Reader. 

Spelling — Spell all difficult and new words in Reader, and begin 
speller first half year, one leson each day, about 15 words each lesson. 
Second half year may take 20 words. 

Language — First half year, enlarge on preceding outline, giving 
special attention to sentence, form and name. Teach vises of auxillia- 
ries and verbs. Have pupils copy short selections, ilustrating uses of 
capitals and punctuation points, and assist in formulating a rule for 
each. 

Use Text as Basis. For fundamental rules use supplementary 
examples, illustrating every principle. 

Numbers. — Second half year, give in addition to supplementary 
written work, parallel oral problems. 

Writing. 

Georgraphy. — First half year use globe to teach shape. Use natural 
features about school to teach surface, and natural features, such as 
rivers, lakes, hills, soil, etc. Second half year, use Text. Teach defi- 
nitions, hemispheres. North America. 

FOURTH YEAR. 

■Reading — First half year. Fourth Reader. Treat as in third year, • 
and during second half year, when regular Reader is finished, use 
Supplementary Fourth Reader. 

Spelling — ^Text, 20 words used in sentence. Spell difficult words 
in geograph}^, arithmetic, etc. 

Language — Increase original composition. Give special attention 
to leter forms, business forms, abbreviations, address; teach forms of 
verbs, subject and predicate. 

Arithmetic — ^Flrst half year, review, division, teach L. C. M., G. C- 
D. ; teach through subtraction of common fractures. 

Second half year, complete common fractions. Use supplementary 
wntten and oral work. 

Geography — See King's IMethods andAids, and Parker's How to 
Teach Geographj^ 

First half year, teach North America by countries. (See outline on 
geography.) 

Second half year. (See outline.) Teach South America and East 
Hemisphere. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 27S 

FIFTH YEAR. 

Reading — First half year, Fifth Reader or Biography. 

Second half year, Biography or Elementary History of United 
States. 

Spelling — ^About 25 words a day, in text. Use each in sentence.- 

Language and Composition — Reproduce reading lessons, with spe- 
cial reference to correctness of expression. Write opinions of leading 
characters in Reader. Describe countris and places, etc. 

English Grammar. — Rirst half year, use Text, teach, sentence, ac- 
cording to meaning, analysis, parts of sentences, parts of speech, uses 
of parts of speech. 

Second half year, sentences, according to form ; discuss capital let- 
ters, punctuation, paragraphs. 

Arithmetic — First half year, review fractions, complete decimal. 
United States money. 

Second half year, teach compound numbers, drill on reduction from 
lower to higher, higher to lower, to decimals, addition, subtraction, 
multiplication, division. 

Geography — First half year, take the complete Geography. Study 
each grand division and parts of outlines; begin with and complete 
North America. 

Second half year, complete South America. 

SIXTH YEAR. 

Reading and History — Use Texas History as reader, and teach His- 
tory. 

Language and Composition — Frequent dictation, reproduction of 
lessons in history, letters, etc., describing imaginary journeys, peoples 
and places. 

Arithmetic — First half year, review preceding half year; teach lon- 
gitude and time, mensuration to percentage. 

Second half year, percentage, all forms, to interest. 

Grammar — Teach modifications. Use sentences involving all pre- 
ceding principles and rules. Analyze and parse to make pupils famil- 
iar with modifications, modifiers and relations existing in sentences. 
Reed & Kellog's system of diagram is helpful in class analysis. 

Geography — Frist half year, teach Great Britain, Europe and 
Africa. 

Second half year, teach Asia, Oceania and first part to hemispheres 

by outline. 



274 Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 

SEVENTH YEAR. 

Frist and Second Half Years. 

Reader. 

Spelling — Complete speller. 

Arithmetic — Complete book. 

Algebra — Elements, simple equations and factoring. 

History — Our Countr)^, complete in year. 

High School course given on application. 



CONSOLIDATED DISTRICT SCHOOLS. 

" The city schools are better ' than the country schools only because 
the city schools have better facilities. Substantial, comfortable build- 
ings are necessary. Maps, charts, etc., are indispensable. These the 
city school may have, because the children are collected in greater num- 
bers. The great numbers give opportunity for adapting the work to 
the individual needs of the pupil. 

The best country schools in the United States are modeled on the 
plan of the city school. Small schools are abolished. Good roads are 
made. The children are brought together in large numbers. Bet- 
ter buildings are erected. The best teachers are employed. Boys and 
girls are kept on the farm. "Close to nature's heart" they learn of 
nature, the soil, the plant, the mineral, and from these schools go pupils 
w^hose head and hand and heart have been trained together. Higher 
ideals are established. The men v^^ho control the government have 
ever come from the country. 

Make the opportunity ofr the rural schools to have the best. 




Teachers' Guide and Question Book, 275 



ANSWERS. 





GEOMETRY. 




REFER TO WENTWORTH. 


6. 


Book II, Prop. 7. 


7. 


Page 65, Ex. 33. 


II, 


Book I, Prop. 8. 


13- 


Book II„ Prop. 18. 


14. 


Ans. 10.48 ft. 


19. 


Ans. 25 ft. 


23- 


Book II, Prop. 4. 


24. 


Book III, Prop. 26. 


28. 


Book I, Prop. 19. 


31. 


Book IV, Prop. 13. 


34- 


Book II,, Prop. I. 


36. 


Book I, Prop. 32. 


46. 


Book II, Prop. 12. 


47- 


Book V, Prop. II. 


49. 


Book II, Prop. 10. 


51. 


Book II, Prop. 30. 


53. 


Ans. Two right angles multiplied by number of sides less 2. 


54- 


Book II, Prop. 12. 


64. 


See 51. 


70. 


Book II, Prop. 18. 


75. 


Ans. 2222-0 square yards. 


76. 


Ans. 10.3 feet. 


77- 


Book II, Prop. 12. 


81. 


Book II, Prop. 17. 


92. 


Ans. 51. 


93. 


Book II, Prop. 38. 


96. 


Book III, Prop. 3- 


97- 


(b) When the two points lie in a perpendicular to the line. 


100. 


Ans. (a) 25° (b) 650, 


103. 


Ans. 13 is to 18. 



276 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

no. Use hypotenuse as diameter of circle. Book II, page loi. 

112. Ans. 5.07 inchs. 

116. Book II, Prop. 29. 

121. Book IV, Prop. 6. 

131. Book I, Prop. 44. 

133. Book V, Prop. 12. 

139. See no. 

140. Book III,, Prop. 15. 
144. Book III, Prop. 28. 

146. Book III, Prop. 9. 

147. Book III, Prop. 2. 

153. Ans. 5 yards. 

154. Page 223, Cor. i, x{^^-\/\6 — x). 

155. Page 143. 

156. Book III, Prop. 20. 
160. Ans. 10.825. 

161 Ans. 15^ 

162. Ans. 1215 square feet. 

164. Page 220, Cor. i. 

178. Ans. 9V3- 

179. Book II, Prop. 20. 

182. Ans. 8.61 feet. 

183. Ans. 6. 

194. See 156. 

186. Page 65. 

187. Ans. Three sides. 

190. See 156. 

191. Ans. (a) 74.46; (b) 23.7. 

192. Book II, Prop. 6. 

195. Book II, Prop. 8. 
199. Book III, Prop. 29. 
202. Book II, Prop. 20. 
204. Book IV, Prop. 8. 
223. Ans. 9 square inches. 
225. Book III, Prop. 2. 



'f 



ARITHMETIC 

4. 150 A's, 182 B's, 200 C's. Refer to Ex. 27. 

5. $246 Ans. 

17. 80 acres X 160 sq. rd = 12,800 sq. rd. 



Teachers^ Guide and Question Book. 277 

V 12,800=1 13. 13 rds, length of a side. 
(113.13)2x2=25,596.7938. 
(25,596.7,938)^=124.88 rds. Ans. 
19. V 265=^1 6 ft.,, length of an edge of the cube. 
16X16X16=4090 cu. ft. Ans. 
20. .9015. 505.05. 1. 00 1 000.00000 1. 

22. I cent+2c-f-3c+5c-(-ioc 
-|-25c^46 cents. 

$12.86-^-46=27. Ans. 44 cents remainder. 

23. 5 ft. 10 in., or 70 in.-^(7 ft. 8 in., or 92 in.)=76+°o. Ans. 

24. $24-^.9 1 ^=$26. 1 8+. Ans. 

27. $87CH-.76=$794. $794-^3=$264-,. $264^3-^-$ 10= 

$274% B's. $274'3+$56=$330^ A's. 

28. Altitude X "s^ase^^area. 10 sq. ch.=i acre. 

19^8 acres=i9i^4 sq. chs. 119^4 sq. ch.-^i2 ch.= 
1 5*4%- y2 base. ra;$L, 

15*4^8X2=31^ chains. Answer. 
44. 25 head for 6 mo. = 4500 head for one day. 
30 head for 4^ mo. =4050 head for one day. 
45 head for 3^3 mo. = 4500 head for one day. 



13,050 

25 head -|- 30 hd. -|- 45 hd. = 100 head. 
45. (9 sq. ft., 54 sq. in) ^-6=1 sq. ft., 81 sq. in., or 225 sq. in. 

area of one face of the cube. The square root of 225 is 

15- feet; length of edge. 
46.- $25Xi2=$300. $300 — $75^$225, net income from rent. 

$5000-^96=52 bonds, bearing $6 each. 

52X$6=$3i2, income from bonds. $312 — $225=$97. 

61. 4:5 

20:8::24:x^i2 rds, Ans. 

62. $1 at 6**o for 63 days = $ .0105 
$1— .0105=$ .9895.. 
$296.85^ .9895=$300. Ans. 

63. $56i6-^$i.04=$5400. $5400-^$i.5o=$3,6oo. Ans. 

64. I mi. 94 rds. 2 ds. i ft. = 6838 ft. 
6838 ft. -^ 526 = 13. Ans. 

90. 4 pes. x6x23xi6=256 ft. 26 pes. x2x-3xi8=624 ft. 

30 pes. X2X%X22^440 ft. 18 pes. X2X3/^X20=360 ft. 

256+624+440+360=1680 ft. \V,%x$2i=$35.28 Ans, 



278 Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 

91. 2 rds. 4 yds. 2 ft. = 47 ft. 47 ft. + 5280 ft = .0089-i-. 

92. 2-^^5=3^3. Ans. 

93. 2-9. Ans. 

95. Time -|- 3 days of grace = 66 days. 

$1 at 6°o for 66 days = $ .01 1. $400x.oii = $4.40 dis. 
$400 — $4.40=$3.95.6o. Ans. 

98. ^^15 ft., then ^s = 40 ft., length of longer piece. 

40 ft — 15 ft. = 25 ft., shorter. 
4Q ft. -1- 25 ft. = 65 ft. Length of flagstaff. 

99. $200 gain. 

100. 5000X.20 = $1,000. 5000x.75=-$375o. Cost. 

40% of $3750 = $1500. $1000 -1- $1500 == $2500. Ans. 

101. 16 men ) 8 men ) (40 (30 By cancellation. 
12 da V: xda V :: ^ 36 : -{ 27 

8 hr ) 10 hr ) ( 8 ( 6x=8tV days. Ans. 

102. 2i^2- -Ans. 

103. %=$37-5o; \=$A5- $45^$3=i5 bbls. 15-^9= 24 bbls. 

104. $1 at 8°o for 4 yrs. 4 mo. i day amt. to $1.34^/5. 

$3950.50X$i.34Vd=$5320.88 Ans. 

105. 3\ of 25%— $45. 
1% of 25% = $15. 
ioo°o of 25% = $1500; 

Then 25^0 = $1500; $i50ox4=$6ooo. 
$6000 — ^$i500=$4500. Ans. 

106. 33V0, 12/2V8V0, 42Vo,2>4Wo, (b) %,/oo, 2>^. 

107. 140 ft.— 80 ft. =60 ft. 602 ft. +482 ft.=square of 
the length of the rope, or 5904 ft. 1/5904—78.83 ft. Ans. 

IOQ 13. 5 8 3nf8 6 8 6 2 2 ® A 000 1 

$3,000, i|=|39,000. Ans. 
111. XCVIII. 

N. B. 12. It is divisible only by itself and one, 
3. In every whole ihere are f , then a half f . 

"4+^ or "4=*5. As there are only ^^ in a whole, ^^ is 34 

greater than a w^hole: ^^ — ^^-j- or 1]/^. 

115. 50^7—7%. 7^7X4 —28V Ans. 

116. 67^4 — 62>4=5 cts gain. 5^-62>^=.o8 or 8V 
I'^O fifi2 — 3O0VI — 200 — 2 An« 

• l^oXxTo'o'^^^Tcroo''^^^* Aus. 

071 375 V 1 375 3 A n « 

•"'2 /^looo 1000 8* -CiJ-lo- 

136. 50 Sec. Term. 
138. 286 yards. 



Teachers' Guide and Question Book. 279 

155. In this case the distance from twelve to twelve again is 60 
inches. 60 in. H- 3- Hi 6 = 10.09 inches, the diameter of the face 
of the clock. 19.09-^2^9.595 in. Ans. 

156. 90 bu. 

233. $28.i2>^ marked price. $22.50 selling price. 
236. \ of A's = % of B's 

\ of A's r= % of B's 

\ of A's = % of B's; then. ^3 of A's = \, of B's. ' 

3 15 S 

3 1 3 3 

^3=$IO00 

^3=$I25. 

^3=$375 of A's money 

1, of B's = % of A's = $125. 

^5 of B's ^ $625 B's money. 

238. $100:75 :i>^ lb :x. x=i>^ lb. Ans. 

239. In a 5 per cent solution there are 95 parts of water to 5 
of medicine. 

In a I per cent solution there will be 99 parts of water to one of 
medicine . Then there must be added, to the iven 5 per cent solu- 
tion, enough to make 99 parts of water to one of medicine, which will 
be 400 parts added. 400+95^495 parts water -|-5 parts med. 500. 
Solution. 400 parts water, ans. 

240. io2+io-=200, 200X10-= The square of the diagonal of 
the cube. V300=i7.3i-[-cu. in., ans 

241. The volumes of cones are to one another as the cubes of their 
altitudes. 

Letx=val. of large bottle their altitudes are as 1:2. x:^ pt: :8:i 
x=4 pt., ans. 

244. $325oX-97/^=$3 168.75 this less 2j4 per cent.=$2239.67, 
ans. 

255. This example might be stated: If, f.or 44 cents you can buy 
8*5, 5"Cent loaves, weighing 8 oz each, when wheat is worth $1.00 
per bushel, how many can you buy (for 44 cents) when wheat is worth 
45 cents per bu. 1.00-^45X8*5=19% loaves, ans. 



308. 


10 in. by 15 in. by 20 in 


336. 


$23.89. 


338. 


.6733 cts. 


348. 


5 per cent. 


349. 


$504, ans. 


363. 


245, ans. 



28o Teachers* Guide and Question Book. 



INDEX. 



To The Teacher 7 

Rediculous Answers 8 

Spelling 15 

Outline of Composition 24 

Composition. ; 25 

Outline of English Grammar ... 33 

English Grammar 36 

Outline of United States History 49 

United States History 69 

Writing 83 

Rsading • 86 

Texas History 93 

Arithmetic 103 

Civil Government 123 

Outline of Geography , 135 

Geography 145 

Physical Geography 162 

Physiology 172 

Methods and Management , . .183 

Physics 195 

Algebra..., , 209 

Geometry ; 223 

General History , 236 

Solid Geometry 244 

Book-keeping ; 247 

Plane Trigonometry 252 

Psychology. . , 255 

Literature , 258 

History of Education 264 

Chemistry. . . , 267 

Course of Study •. 271 

Consolidated Schools . . .' 274 



